Euura pedunculi ( Hartig, 1837 )

Liston, Andrew D., Heibo, Erik, Prous, Marko, Vårdal, Hege, Nyman, Tommi & Vikberg, Veli, 2017, North European gall-inducing Euura sawflies (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae, Nematinae), Zootaxa 4302 (1), pp. 1-115 : 96

Euura pedunculi ( Hartig, 1837)

Nematus pedunculi Hartig, 1837: 388 . Described: ♀, ♂, gall [mixed up with galls of E. venusta ], recorded host: Saalweide [ Salix caprea ]. Lectotype, ♀, designated by Kopelke (1991), ZSM [examined]. Type locality: Germany, near Berlin.

Pontania pedunculi: Konow (1890) .

Pontania (Pontania) pedunculi: Viitasaari & Vikberg (1985) .

Nematus (Pontania) pedunculi: Zhelochovtsev (1988) .

Pontania (Eupontania) pedunculi: Lacourt (1999) .

Eupontania pedunculi: Vikberg & Zinovjev (2006) .

Euura pedunculi: Prous et al. (2014) .

Nematus bellus Zaddach, 1876 : Tafel III(6), 13. Text in Brischke (1884: 170–171). Described: ♀, ♂, gall, larva, recorded hosts: Salix aurita , S. capraea [sic!]. Type material thought to have been destroyed, with most of the rest of Brischke's collection ( Blank & Taeger 1998) . Type locality: not stated, but probably East Prussia .

Pontania bella: Konow (1901a) .

Pontania (Eupontania) bella: Lacourt (1999) .

? Nematus baccarum Cameron, 1876d: 189 –190. Described: ♀, gall, recorded host: Salix cf. aurita . Syntypes probably lost: not located in BMNH. Type locality: Scotland, near Dunkeld. Tentative synonymy with Pontania pedunculi sensu Kopelke [= E. brevicornis ] by Kopelke (1991), or with E. pedunculi by Vikberg & Zinovjev (2006).

Nematus curticornis Cameron, 1885: 202 . Described: ♀. Syntypes not located in BMNH. Type locality: Scotland, Rannoch.

Pontania curticornis: Konow (1890) .

Pontania bella var. nigrescens Enslin, 1915: 360 . Described: ♀. Syntypes, ♀, ZSM [not examined]. Type locality: not stated. Synonymy with P. pedunculi by Taeger et al. (2010).

Pontania pusilla Lindqvist, 1964: 122 –124. Described: ♀, ♂. Holotype, ♀, FMNH [examined]. Type locality: Finland, Sundholmen Island (now part of Helsinki ). Synonymy with P. pedunculi by Vikberg (1970), confirmed by Vikberg & Zinovjev (2006).

Pontania gallarum: Kopelke 1991: 89 ; misidentification.

Notes on types and taxonomy. P. pusilla . Also examined: paratype ["Allotype"], 1♂, FMNH.

Variability. Female: Body length: 2.5–4.3mm. Supraclypeal area, upper outer and inner orbits pale, to black. Male: 2.8–3.7mm. Female and male: femora usually entirely pale, but may be extensively fuscous in northern specimens. Total number of specimens examined: 17.

Genetic data. In BOLD COI barcoding, nearest neighbours are viminalis , and at a different position but also differing by about 1.9%, the nearly undifferentiated aggregation of numerous viminalis subgroup taxa that includes, for example saliciscinereae and nivalis . Thus, the short BOLD sequence for pedunculi appears to be sufficiently distinctive to identify this species. However, only the first sample under the name pedunculi in Fig. 1 ( E. pedunculi / S. caprea , next to E. viminalis ) apparently has this haplotype. The other three samples included in Fig. 1 under the name pedunculi are problematic, and were possibly misidentified.

Bionomics. Host plants: Salix aurita , S. caprea , S. starkeana starkeana , S. starkeana cinerascens (Vikberg & Zinovjev 2006) , S. silesiaca ( Beneš 2015a) , S. caprea × phylicifolia ( Hjältén et al. 2000) . Biology: Hartley (1998), Kokkonen (2000), Vikberg & Zinovjev (2006).

Distribution. Through most of Europe north to Inari Lapland in Finland, and East to Yakutia, Magadan and Sakhalin (Vikberg & Zinovjev 2006). Occurrence in Sweden: published records; probably throughout Sweden ( Coulianos & Holmåsen 1991) north to Luleå Lappmark (Jokkmokk; Julin 1936). Material examined: Skåne, Västerbotten, Luleå Lappmark (Gällivare).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Phylogenetic tree for European gall-making Euura sawflies, based on two mitochondrial and one nuclear region. The mitochondrial regions used are fragments of cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI, 810 bp) and cytochrome b (Cytb, 718 bp). The nuclear marker used is a fragment of sodium / potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha (NaK, 997 bp). The major gall types are plotted against the sawfly lineages. For clarity, the outgroup taxa Nematus septentrionalis, N. carpini, N. tulunensis, and Mesoneura opaca were excluded from the tree.