Euura vesicator ( Bremi-Wolf, 1849 )

Liston, Andrew D., Heibo, Erik, Prous, Marko, Vårdal, Hege, Nyman, Tommi & Vikberg, Veli, 2017, North European gall-inducing Euura sawflies (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae, Nematinae), Zootaxa 4302 (1), pp. 1-115 : 100-101

Euura vesicator ( Bremi-Wolf, 1849)

Nematus vesicator Bremi-Wolf, 1849: 93 –94. Described: adult [sex not explicitly stated, but description fits only ♀], gall, recorded host: Salix purpurea . Syntypes, not located at ETH Zürich or University of Zürich . Type locality: Switzerland, near Zurich .

Pontania vesicator: Konow (1890) .

Pontania (Eupontania) vesicator: Zinovjev (1985) .

Pontania (Pontania) vesicator: Viitasaari & Vikberg (1985) .

Nematus (Pontania) vesicator: Zhelochovtsev (1988) .

Eupontania vesicator: Vikberg & Zinovjev (2006) .

Euura vesicator: Prous et al. (2014) .

Nematus helicinus Brischke, 1850: 409 –410. Described: ♀, ♂, larva, gall, recorded host: Salix purpurea . Lectotype, ♂, designated by Kopelke (1989a), MZLU [not examined]. Type locality:? Danzig [see Kopelke 1989a]. Note: author of the species name sometimes given as Dahlbom.

Nematus leptocerus Förster, 1854a: 289 –291. Described: ♀. Lectotype, designated below. Type locality: Germany, near Aachen. Synonymy with P. vesicator by Konow (1890) (as leptoceros).

Nematus lugdunensis Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1871: 243 –248, plate 11. Described: ♀, ♂, larva, gall, recorded host: Salix purpurea . Lectotype, ♂, designated by Thomas (1987), RNHL [not examined]. Type locality: Netherlands, Noordwijk near Leiden. Synonymy with P. vesicator by Kriechbaumer (1877: 20), who also pointed out that the galls illustrated by Snellen van Vollenhoven are of E. vesicator and E. proxima . However, Snellen van Vollenhoven (1871: 244) wrote that all the adults that he reared were from the galls on S. purpurea .

Nematus vesicator var. minor Brischke, 1883a: 173 . Described: ♀, ♂. Infrasubspecific and therefore unavailable name (ICZN 1999: 45.6.1): Brischke explicitly mentions that the name refers to small-sized individuals obtained from rearing.

Pontania vesicator ab. borealis Saarinen, 1945 . Described: ♀. Infrasubspecific (ICZN: 1999: 45.6.2) and therefore unavailable name.

Notes on types and taxonomy. N. vesicator . At our request, R. Eastwood tried to find potential syntypes in the ETH. Although three or four historical specimens exist in the Schulthess Collection, labelled as from Zürich or nearby and " Weidengallen " [so probably reared], it is not possible to link these specimens in any way to Bremi. We were also informed (B. Oberholzer & G. Bächli: personal communications) that no Bremi material is in the University of Zürich insect collection.

N. leptocerus . The lectotype and two female paralectotypes were labelled as such by J.-P. Kopelke, but the designation was never published. Lectotype, ♀, hereby designated, ZSM; labels "Cotype" [red, printed], "[illegible]", " Nematus leptocerus Frst. A. Förster det. ♀", " Pontania ♀ vesicator Bremi Konow. det. ", " Nematus vesicator Br. O. Conde det . 1932", " Pontania ♀ vesicator (Bremi) Kopelke det. 1990", "Lectotypus N. leptocerus För. det. Kopelke" [red], "GBIF-GISHym3332". Paralectotypes, ♀: labelling similar, but "GBIF-GISHym21293" and "GBIF-GISHym21294", ZSM.

Variability. Female: Body length: 3.0– 6.2mm. Male: 3.6–5.6mm.

Both Zaddach (in Brischke 1883a) and Saarinen (1945) described individuals obtained by rearing, that were not only significantly smaller than normally sized ones, but also very much darker. This variability does not form a continuum. Female: the very small specimens have the pronotum only narrowly margined with pale (normally largely pale) and the abdomen except for terga 9–10 completely black (normally all sterna and terga (1–)3–10 entirely pale). Furthermore, the normally completely pale femora are partly infuscate in the dwarf individuals. Male: small individuals do not differ from larger ones so strongly as in the female. The femora are more extensively black and sternum 9 can be black instead of the normal pale. Total number of specimens examined: 37.

Genetic data. The nearest neighbouring barcode of a European taxon is that of E. pustulator , with approx. 3.8% difference.

Bionomics. Host plants: Salix purpurea ( Kopelke 1999) , S. × superpurpurea ( Beneš 2015a). Biology: Kopelke (1985), Magnus (1914), Niklas (1955), Staeger (1919). Normally bivoltine ( Niklas 1955), even in southern Finland, in some years (Vikberg & Zinovjev 2006).

Distribution. South, Central and North Europe north to Finland (Helsinki, on planted S. purpurea: Saarinen 1945 ),? Caucasus ( Zhelochovtsev & Zinovjev 1995), Yakutia ( Popov 2011). Occurrence in Sweden: published records; Skåne ( Benander 1966), Halland ( Andersson 1955), Västergötland ( Coulianos & Holmåsen 1991). Material examined: Skåne.