Amazunculus, Rafael, 1986

Marques, Dayse W. A., Skevington, Jeffrey H. & Rafael, José A., 2019, Revision of the genus Amazunculus Rafael (Diptera: Pipunculidae), with description of six new species, Zootaxa 4577 (3), pp. 439-472 : 441-442

Key to the Amazunculus species

1 All legs yellow ( Fig. 93); syntergosternite 8 without membranous area ( Fig. 99).............. A. duckei Galinkin & Rafael

- All legs mostly dark brown to black (c.f. Figs 1, 46); syntergosternite 8 with membranous area (c.f. Figs 7, 37)........... 2

2 Apex of phallic guide trifid ( Fig. 43)........................................................ A. bethoi sp. nov.

- Apex of phallic guide simple (c.f. Figs 13, 27)............................................................... 3

3 Apex of phallus without lateral apical projections ( Fig. 149).................................. A. panamensis sp. nov.

- Apex of phallus with lateral apical projections (c.f. Figs 15, 28)................................................ 4

4 Apex of phallus elongated, ending well beyond the two desclerotized apical projections and with small spiniform projections on the medial surface ( Figs 28, 29)............................................................. A. besti Rafael

- Apex of phallus shortened, with sclerotized apical projections (c.f. Figs 15, 59, 75)................................. 5

5 Surstyli not elongated ventrally when seen in lateral view (c.f. Figs 132, 175)...................................... 6

- Surstyli elongated ventrally when seen in lateral view (c.f. Figs 10, 55, 161)....................................... 7

6 Surstyli almost as long as epandrium ( Fig. 131); with apex somewhat rounded in lateral view ( Figs 132, 133)................................................................................................ A. manauara sp. nov.

- Surstyli much shorter than epandrium ( Fig. 174); with apex distinctly acute in lateral view ( Figs 175, 176)................................................................................................... A. psilalarius sp. nov.

7 Cerci distinctly arched ( Fig. 70); phallic guide with a distinct expansion at apex ( Fig. 74); phallus with two large somewhat rounded projections apically when seen in lateral view ( Figs 75, 76)................... A. cordigaster Galinkin & Rafael

- Cerci only slightly arched ( Figs 9, 85); phallic guide simple without apical expansion; phallus with two narrow and pointed projections apically (c.f. Figs 15, 166)..................................................................... 8

8 Phallic guide with base distinctly expanded dorsally when seen in lateral view with apex elongated ( Fig. 165)................................................................................................ A. platypodus (Hardy)

- Phallic guide without distinct dorsal expansion and with short apex when seen in lateral view (c.f. Fig. 15)............... 9

9 Syntergosternite 8 with very small membranous area ( Fig. 114); surstyli distinctly wider ventrally when seen in lateral view ( Figs 117, 118)......................................................................... A. francyae sp. nov.

- Syntergosternite 8 with relatively large membranous area ( Figs 7, 84); surstyli subequal dorsally and ventrally or wider dorsally than ventrally when seen in lateral view (c.f. Figs 10, 86)................................................. 10

10 Surstyli when seen in lateral view wider dorsally than ventrally, distinctly projected ventrally towards epandrium ( Figs 86, 87); phallic guide elongated, somewhat conical in dorsal and ventral views ( Figs 88, 89)...... A. deargentatus Galinkin & Rafael

- Surstyli when seen in lateral view subequal in width dorsally and ventrally, not projected towards epandrium ( Figs 10, 55); phallic guide relatively short ( Figs 15, 59)................................................................. 11

11 Phallic guide subparallel-sided when seen in ventral view ( Fig. 13); nearly straight in lateral view, without subapical concavity ( Fig. 15)............................................................................. A. acreanus sp. nov.

- Phallic guide sinuous in ventral view ( Fig. 58), with a pronounced subapical concavity in lateral view ( Fig. 59)......................................................................................... A. claripennis Rafael & Rosa