Lampona, THORELL

PLATNICK, NORMAN I., 2000, A Relimitation And Revision Of The Australasian Ground Spider Family Lamponidae (Araneae: Gnaphosoidea), Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2000 (245), pp. 1-328 : 21-33

LAMPONA THORELL

Latona L. Koch, 1866: 3 (type species by monotypy Latona cylindrata L. Koch ). Preoccupied in the Mollusca, Crustacea, and Coleoptera.

Lampona Thorell, 1869: 37 (replacement name for Latona L. Koch ).

DIAGNOSIS: Specimens resemble those of Lamponina and Lamponoides in having a divided scopula on metatarsi and tarsi I and II, and in having the sternal surface rugose (rather than smooth with circular pits). They can be separated from those of Lamponina by having the sternum and epimeric sclerites unfused, and from those of Lamponoides by the absence of a dorsal abdominal scutum in females and by having the male embolus situated prolaterally rather than medially.

DESCRIPTION: Medium to large spiders, total length of males 4.3–12.3, of females 4.6– 17.0. Carapace dark red, with low tubercles, coated with both feathery and hairy setae originating from bases of tubercles (fig. 3), tubercles protruding from lateral margin (fig. 4); thoracic groove long, longitudinal (fig. 5). Eight eyes in two rows, anterior medians largest, circular, dark, other eyes subequal in size, light, laterals oval, posterior medians irregularly oval, flattened (figs. 6, 7); from above, both eye rows slightly procurved, from front, both rows strongly procurved; anterior medians separated by at least their radius, by their radius or less from anterior laterals; posterior medians varying from almost contiguous to separated by more than their diameter, separated by at least their radius from posterior laterals; anterior and posterior laterals separated by at least their diameter; median ocular quadrangle wider in front than in back, usually slightly longer than wide. Chelicerae, sternum, and mouthparts dark red; chilum small, triangular, accompanied by second, elongated posterior chilum (extremely narrow sclerite separating bases of chelicerae posteriorly, fig. 8); chelicerae with distinct lateral boss, promargin

with series of short setae originating in line along base of fang plus one long, thick seta originating closest to fang (fig. 9), immediately bent at 908 angle (fig. 10), extending to median line (fig. 11); promargin with three or four teeth, retromargin with none (fig. 12); cheliceral gland openings in almost unsclerotized, slight depression situated posteroproximally of teeth (fig. 13). Labium truncate anteriorly and posteriorly, distinctly depressed medially; posterior surface of labrum with rows of long straining teeth, teeth short­ er on median surface than on sides (fig. 14). Endites obliquely depressed, with sharply demarcated, deep groove along margin near labium (figs. 15, 43); serrula long, with single row of basally fused teeth (fig. 16); anterior surface with distinct sieve plate of maxillary gland openings (fig. 17). Sternum elevated, with steep lateral margins (fig. 18), expanded anteriorly to sides beyond heel at posterolateral corner of endites, with extensions to and between coxae; surface rugose. Two epimeric sclerites on each side, one opposite palpal endites, one surrounding all coxae, not reaching sternal triangles, not fused to carapace. Pedicel composed of two small, flat dorsal sclerites and rounded sclerite covering venter and sides, rounded sclerite with median longitudinal keel prolonged anteriorly into distinct protrusion extending toward sternum.

Anterior edge of abdomen of male with almost complete sclerotic ring formed by epigastric scutum plus dorsal abdominal scutum reaching to at least one­third of abdominal length, females without dorsal scutum, usually with pattern of white spots (figs. 40– 42, 44); cuticle with feathery and hairy setae (fig. 19); epigastric scutum accompanied posterolaterally by pair of oval, deeply invaginated sclerites bearing clearly elevated anterior rim (fig. 20); sclerites separated by membranous lobe (in at least some females, lobe bears distinct tubular extension on each side, figs. 37–39); anterior edge of oval sclerites often fitting under epigastric scutum; colulus represented by setae; tiny semicircular to u­shaped sclerite sometimes present, well removed from spinnerets, marking position of small posterior spiracle leading to four extremely narrow tracheal tubes. Anterior lateral spinnerets tubular, separated by more than their diameter, with two thick major ampullate gland spigots plus 8–10 small, unmodified piriform gland spigots (figs. 21, 27), cuticle representing distal, second spinneret segment restricted to semicircle surrounding major ampullate gland spigots (piriform gland spigots surrounded only by soft cuticle); posterior median spinnerets large, tubular, without anteriorly expanded tips, with numerous long aciniform gland spigots with short bases covering most of spinneret, posterior tip with two minor ampullate gland spigots with triangular shafts (fig. 28) plus, in females, two cylindrical gland spigots with wide bases (figs. 22, 23); posterior lateral spinnerets two­segmented, with spigots as on posterior medians (figs. 24–26, 29).

Legs almost spineless, usually with single proventral spine at distal tip of tibiae III, IV; most surfaces with both feathery and hairy setae (fig. 30); in males, all coxae and posterior trochanters dorsally tuberculate; anterior coxae with protuberant posterolateral corners; trochanters unnotched; anterior metatarsi and tarsi with divided scopulae (fig. 31), composed of flattened, distally bent setae (fig. 32), scopulae sometimes entire on distal tip of tarsi; posterior metatarsi with thick, dark, distal preening brushes; posterior tarsi with entire scopulae; tarsi with two dentate claws, claw tufts composed of lateral pads of closely appressed setae (fig. 33); trichobothria present on tibiae, metatarsi, and tarsi, in 2–3 irregular rows, bases ridged (fig. 34); tarsal organ long, longitudinally ridged on proximal two­thirds, opening situated distally (fig. 35), similar in structure on palpal tarsus (fig. 36). Female palpal tibia and tarsus with several long, thin spines; female palpal tarsus with dentate claw.

Male palp with at least one retrolateral tibial apophysis (figs. 45, 48, 49); cymbial sur­ face usually excavated opposite tibial apophysis; tegulum expanded (often greatly), extending beyond posterior rim of tarsus; embolus prolaterally situated, elongated, typically fused basally to prolateral portion of membranous conductor (retrolateral portion of conductor extending to tip of embolus, figs. 46, 47, 50); median apophysis absent, represented at most by slight sclerotization within conductor. Epigynum variable in shape, usually with plug of solidified secretions; pre­epigynum present at least two instars before maturity.

MISPLACED SPECIES: Lampona scutata Strand and Lampona asperrima Hickman are transferred below to Lamponina .

NOMINA DUBIA: Three names are here considered nomina dubia. The types of Lampona quadrimaculata L. Koch (1872: 365, pl. 28, fig. 4) from Bowen, Queensland (holotype, ZMH, examined), of Lampona fasciata L. Koch (1872: 366, pl. 28, fig. 5) from Port Mackay, Queensland (two syntypes, ZMH, examined), and of Lampona sordida L. Koch (1873: 372, pl. 29, fig. 3) from ‘‘Neuholland’’ (holotype, NRS, examined) are unidentifiable juveniles.

IDENTIFICATION: Because the genus is so large, and the genitalic differences among species are often small, geographically limited keys seem more useful (and more likely to lead efficiently to accurate results) than would a single key to all the species. Separate keys are presented to the species known from (1) Western Australia, (2) the Northern Territory, (3) South Australia, (4) northern Queensland (north of 208S), (5) southern Queensland (south of 208S), (6) southeastern Australia (New South Wales, Victoria, and the Australian Capital Territory), and (7) Tasmania.

For the same reasons, interrelationships among the many species of this genus are often obscure, and for a few species, identifying any close relatives is quite difficult. With far too few characters available to attempt a cladistic analysis, species have been placed here in eight informal species groups, which should at least serve as a partial guide to future investigations of the cladistic structure of the genus.

KEY TO SPECIES OF LAMPONA

KNOWN FROM WESTERN AUSTRALIA

1. Males (those of L. torbay unknown).... 2

– Females (those of L. barrow unknown).. 13

2. Palpal femur with distinct subbasal excavation or bulge..................... 3

– Palpal femur unmodified (as in fig. 52).. 9

3. Palpal femur with distinct subbasal excavation (fig. 95).............. macilenta

– Palpal femur with distinct subbasal projection ................................ 4

4. Two retrolateral tibial apophyses (fig. 91).......................... whaleback

– Only a single retrolateral tibial apophysis.. ................................ 5

5. Retrolateral tibial apophysis with dorsal expansion (fig. 99)............. barrow

– Retrolateral tibial apophysis without dorsal expansion........................ 6

6. Subbasal projection on palpal femur relatively long, retrolateral tibial apophysis with ventral ledge (fig. 187)... quinqueplagiata

– Subbasal projection on palpal femur relatively short, retrolateral tibial apophysis without ventral ledge (figs. 123, 159, 192)... 7

7. Subbasal projection on palpal femur rounded, retrolateral tibial apophysis relatively broad (fig. 123)................ punctigera

– Subbasal projection on palpal femur distally abrupt, retrolateral tibial apophysis relatively narrow (figs. 159, 192)........ 8

8. Retrolateral tibial apophysis relatively short (fig. 192)................ dwellingup

– Retrolateral tibial apophysis relatively long (fig. 159).................. yanchep

9. Retrolateral tibial apophysis relatively long (figs. 51, 71, 111)................ 10

– Retrolateral tibial apophysis relatively short (figs. 87, 195)................... 12

10. Retrolateral tibial apophysis expanded at tip (fig. 71).................... foliifera

– Retrolateral tibial apophysis narrowed at tip (figs. 51, 111)................... 11

11. Palpal bulb expanded ventrally, extending half length of palpal tibia (fig. 51)............................... cylindrata

– Palpal bulb not expanded, extending only to anterior edge of tibia (fig. 111)... walsh

12. Retrolateral tibial apophysis directed dorsally (fig. 87)................... brevipes

– Retrolateral tibial apophysis directed ventrally (fig. 195)............... ampeinna

13. Epigynum with long, wide, deep median excavation, spermathecae restricted to posterior one­third of epigynum (figs. 53–56)......................... cylindrata

– Epigynum without large median excavation, spermathecae larger............... 14

14. Epigynum with bulbous, nose­shaped median projection (fig. 88)........... brevipes

– Epigynum without bulbous median projection ............................... 15

15. Epigynum with arrow­shaped midpiece (figs. 188, 192, 196); spermathecal bulbs round­ ed, on long, narrow stalks (figs. 189, 193, 197)........................... 16

– Epigynum without arrow­shaped midpiece, spermathecae otherwise............ 18

16. Epigynal midpiece relatively wide (fig. 196)......................... ampeinna

– Epigynal midpiece relatively narrow (figs. 188, 192)....................... 17

17. Anterior epigynal margin joined to epigynal midpiece (fig. 188).... quinqueplagiata

– Anterior epigynal margin not joined to epi­ gynal midpiece (fig. 192)... dwellingup

18. Epigynum with anterior excavation (figs. 72, 160)........................... 19

– Epigynum without anterior excavation.. 20

19. Anterior epigynal excavation relatively nar­ row (fig. 72), spermathecae bipartite (fig. 73)........................ foliifera

– Anterior epigynal excavation relatively wide (fig. 160), spermathecae tripartite (fig. 161).......................... yanchep

20. Epigynum with triangular, posterior excava­ tion (fig. 112), spermathecae extending far anterior of excavation (fig. 113).. walsh

– Epigynum without triangular, posterior exca­ vation.......................... 21

21. Epigynum with relatively wide midpiece (figs. 92, 100)................... 22

– Epigynum with relatively narrow midpiece (figs. 96, 124)................... 23

22. Posterior portion of spermathecae relatively long, narrow (fig. 93)...... whaleback

– Posterior portion of spermathecae relatively short, wide (fig. 101)........... torbay

23. Spermathecae globular (fig. 125)............................... punctigera

– Spermathecae elongate (fig. 97) macilenta

KEY TO SPECIES OF LAMPONA

KNOWN FROM THE NORTHERN TERRITORY

1. Males (those of L. olga unknown)...... 2

– Females........................... 7

2. Retrolateral tibial apophysis expanded at tip (figs. 71, 75, 107)................. 3

– Retrolateral tibial apophysis narrowed at tip (figs. 115, 171, 195)............... 5

3. Palpal femur with subbasal projection (figs. 75, 107)......................... 4

– Palpal femur without subbasal projection (fig. 71)........................ foliifera

4. Palpal bulb short, triangular (fig. 106)................................ flavipes

– Palpal bulb long, oval (figs. 74, 75).. finke

5. Retrolateral tibial apophysis relatively long (fig. 115)................... kapalga

– Retrolateral tibial apophysis relatively short (figs. 171, 195)................... 6

6. Palpal femur with subbasal expansion (fig. 171)...................... danggali

– Palpal femur unmodified (fig. 195)............................... ampeinna

7. Posterior portions of spermathecae much narrower than anterior portions (figs. 109, 117, 157, 197)........................ 8

– Posterior portions of spermathecae about as wide as anterior portions (figs. 73, 77, 173) ............................... 11

8. Anterior epigynal margin situated in posterior half of epigynum (figs. 116, 196)..... 9

– Anterior epigynal margin situated in anterior half of epigynum (figs. 108, 156).... 10

9. Epigynum with transverse anterior margin (fig. 116)................... kapalga

– Epigynum without transverse anterior margin (fig. 196)................. ampeinna

10. Epigynal midpiece relatively wide (fig. 108)........................... flavipes

– Epigynal midpiece relatively narrow (fig. 156)......................... olga

11. Spermathecae extending far anterior of anterior epigynal margin (fig. 172).............................. danggali

– Spermathecae not extending far anterior of anterior epigynal margin (figs. 72, 76)... ............................... 12

12. Epigynal midpiece relatively small, situated behind anterior excavation (fig. 72).............................. foliifera

– Epigynal midpiece relatively large, extending full length of epigynum (fig. 76).. finke

KEY TO SPECIES OF LAMPONA

KNOWN FROM SOUTH AUSTRALIA

1. Males............................. 2

– Females.......................... 19

2. Palpal femur with subbasal excavation (fig. 95)...................... macilenta

– Palpal femur without subbasal excavation.. ................................ 3

3. Palpal femur with subbasal expansion (as in figs. 67, 123, 127, 203)............. 4

– Palpal femur unmodified (as in fig. 52) 14

4. Palpal femur with distinct projection near its base (figs. 75, 107)................ 5

– Palpal femur with projection or expansion farther from base (as in figs. 127, 207).. ................................ 6

5. Palpal bulb triangular (fig. 106)... flavipes

– Palpal bulb oval (fig. 74).......... finke

6. Retrolateral tibial apophysis with ventral ledge or tubercle (figs. 183, 199, 203, 207) ................................ 7

– Retrolateral tibial apophysis without ventral prominence (figs. 67, 123, 127, 131, 171) ............................... 10

7. Palpal femur with long, low swelling at base (fig. 183)................... cohuna

– Palpal femur with larger expansion (figs. 199, 203, 207)........................ 8

8. Retrolateral tibial apophysis relatively short (fig. 203)..................... gilles

– Retrolateral tibial apophysis relatively long (figs. 199, 207)................... 9

9. Palpal femur with subbasal bulge (fig. 199)........................... ooldea

– Palpal femur with subbasal lobe (fig. 207).. hirsti

10. Retrolateral tibial apophysis apically hooked (fig. 171).................. danggali

– Retrolateral tibial apophysis not apically hooked......................... 11

11. Retrolateral tibial apophysis relatively long, narrow (figs. 67, 131)............. 12

– Retrolateral tibial apophysis relatively short, wide (figs. 123, 127).............. 13

12. Palpal femur with subbasal point (fig. 67)............................... ruida

– Palpal femur with subbasal swelling only (fig. 131)................... moorilyanna

13. Palpal femur with subbasal swelling steep distally, retrolateral tibial apophysis relatively large (fig. 123)....... punctigera

– Palpal femur with subbasal swelling shallow distally, retrolateral tibial apophysis relatively small (fig. 127)........ braemar

14. Retrolateral tibial apophysis relatively long (figs. 52, 71).................... 15

– Retrolateral tibial apophysis relatively short (figs. 79, 119, 195, 211)........... 16

15. Retrolateral tibial apophysis distally expand­ ed (fig. 71).................. foliifera

– Retrolateral tibial apophysis narrowed distally (fig. 52).................. cylindrata

16. Two retrolateral tibial apophyses present (fig. 79)....................... talbingo

– Only one retrolateral tibial apophysis present ............................... 17

17. Retrolateral tibial apophysis very narrow, directed dorsally (fig. 119)........ ewens

– Retrolateral tibial apophysis wider, directed ventrally (figs. 195, 211)........... 18

18. Retrolateral tibial apophysis with ventral ledge (fig. 211)................. eba

– Retrolateral tibial apophysis without ventral ledge, short (fig. 195)....... ampeinna

19. Epigynum with long, wide, deep median ex­ cavation, spermathecae restricted to poste­ rior one­third of epigynum (figs. 53–56)......................... cylindrata

– Epigynum without large median excavation, spermathecae larger............... 14

20. Epigynum with two paramedian flanges (fig. 184), spermathecae triangular (fig. 185)............................. cohuna

– Epigynum otherwise, spermathecae not tri­ angular......................... 21

21. Spermathecae on long stalks that are much narrower than spermathecal bulbs (figs. 97, 109, 121, 125, 197, 201, 205)....... 22

– More posterior portions of spermathecae not much narrower than spermathecal bulbs (figs. 69, 73, 77, 81, 129, 133, 173, 209, 213)........................... 28

22. Epigynal midpiece abruptly narrowed (fig. 200)....................... ooldea

– Epigynum otherwise................ 23

23. Epigynal midpiece or atrium broadly trian­ gular (figs. 108, 120, 196).......... 24

– Epigynal midpiece much narrower (figs. 96, 124, 204)....................... 26

24. Epigynum with triangular midpiece, bordered at sides by lateral margins (fig. 196)............................. ampeinna

– Epigynum without separate lateral margins (figs. 108, 120).................. 25

25. Spermathecal stalks relatively long (fig. 108)........................... flavipes

– Spermathecal stalks relatively short (fig. 120)............................ ewens

26. Spermathecae extending far anterior of epi­ gynal midpiece (figs. 97, 204)...... 27

– Spermathecae not extending far anterior of epigynal midpiece (fig. 124)... punctigera

27. Epigynum with arrow­shaped midpiece (fig. 204), spermathecae globose anteriorly (fig. 205)......................... gilles

– Epigynum with diamond­shaped midpiece (fig. 96), spermathecae not globose anteri­ orly (fig. 97).............. macilenta

28. Epigynum with deep anterior excavation (figs. 68, 72).................... 29

– Epigynum without deep anterior excavation ............................... 30

29. Epigynal excavation relatively wide (fig. 68), spermathecae kidney­shaped (fig. 69)................................. ruida

– Epigynal excavation relatively narrow (fig. 72), spermathecae almost straight (fig. 73)........................... foliifera

30. Anterior portion of spermathecae much smaller than median portion (figs. 81, 173, 209, 213)....................... 31

– Anterior portion of spermathecae as large as median portion (figs. 77, 129, 133).. 34

31. Epigynum with triangular midpiece and dis­ tinct lateral margins (fig. 172).. danggali

– Epigynum otherwise................ 32

32. Epigynum with tongue­shaped midpiece (fig. 208), spermathecae relatively short (fig. 209)......................... hirsti

– Epigynum with diamond­shaped midpiece (figs. 78, 212), spermathecae relatively long (figs. 79, 213)............... 33

33. Anterior portion of spermathecae less than one­third as long as median portion (fig. 79)....................... talbingo

– Anterior portion of spermathecae more than one­third as long as median portion (fig. 213).......................... eba

34. Epigynal midpiece and spermathecae massive (figs. 76, 77).................. finke

– Epigynal midpiece and spermathecae smaller (figs. 128, 132).................. 32

35. Epigynal midpiece relatively short (fig. 132)....................... moorilyanna

– Epigynal midpiece relatively long (fig. 128).......................... braemar

KEY TO SPECIES OF LAMPONA

KNOWN FROM NORTHERN QUEENSLAND

1. Males............................. 2

– Females.......................... 15

2. Retrolateral tibial apophysis almost as long as tibia (figs. 60, 107, 115)............ 3

– Retrolateral tibial apophysis much shorter than tibia........................ 5

3. Palpal femur with subbasal knob (fig. 107), palpal bulb triangular (fig. 106) flavipes

– Palpal femur unmodified (figs. 60, 115).. 4

4. Palpal bulb expanded ventrally, reaching to most of tibial length (figs. 59, 60)................................. murina

– Palpal bulb almost circular, reaching only to half of tibial length (figs. 114, 115)................................ kapalga

5. Palpal femur expanded at base (figs. 239, 267)............................ 6

– Palpal femur unmodified.............. 7

6. Retrolateral tibial apophysis a narrow spike (fig. 267).................... molloy

– Retrolateral tibial apophysis wide at base, hooked distally (fig. 239)...... kirrama

7. Retrolateral tibial apophysis relatively massive (figs. 135, 175)................ 8

– Retrolateral tibial apophysis relatively weak (figs. 139, 147, 243, 247, 255, 259, 271) ................................ 9

8. Retrolateral tibial apophysis distally truncated (fig. 135)..................... spec

– Retrolateral tibial apophysis distally sinuous (fig. 175).................... garnet

9. Dorsal margin of retrolateral tibial apophysis distinctly narrowed below tip, sinuous (figs. 147, 243, 255).............. 10

– Dorsal margin of retrolateral tibial apophysis not distinctly narrowed below tip (figs. 139, 247, 259, 271)................... 12

10. Palpal bulb relatively short (fig. 242), tip of retrolateral tibial apophysis relatively short (fig. 243)................. monteithi

– Palpal bulb relatively long (figs. 146, 254), tip of retrolateral tibial apophysis relatively long (figs. 147, 255).............. 11

11. Tip of retrolateral tibial apophysis bent at almost a right angle (fig. 147).... terrors

– Tip of retrolateral tibial apophysis bent at much smaller angle (fig. 255)... carlisle

12. Palpal bulb relatively short, not extending past distal margin of tibia (fig. 259)................................. davies

– Palpal bulb longer, extending past distal margin of tibia (figs. 139, 247, 271)..... 13

13. Palpal bulb narrowed proximally (fig. 138)............................ russell

– Palpal bulb not narrowed proximally (figs. 246, 270)....................... 14

14. Palpal bulb relatively wide (fig. 270), tip of retrolateral tibial apophysis relatively long (fig. 271)..................... tully

– Palpal bulb relatively narrow (fig. 246), tip of retrolateral tibial apophysis relatively short (fig. 247).................. finnigan

15. Epigynum with long, deep, narrow excavation (fig. 61), spermathecae short, with distinct shoulders behind their distal tips (figs. 57, 58, 62).................. murina

– Epigynum without long excavation, spermathecae much larger............... 16

16. Spermathecae on long, narrow stalks (figs. 109, 117)....................... 17

– Spermathecae not on long, narrow stalks... ............................... 18

17. Epigynal atrium relatively large (fig. 108), anterior portion of spermathecae relatively small (fig. 109).............. flavipes

– Epigynal atrium relatively small (fig. 116), anterior portion of spermathecae relatively large (fig. 117)............... kapalga

18. Spermathecae bipartite (figs. 141, 149)... 19

– Spermathecae tripartite, at least as seen in ventral view (as in figs. 136, 244, 268).. ............................... 20

19. Anterior portion of spermathecae very small (fig. 141).................... russell

– Anterior portion of spermathecae much larger (fig. 149)................... terrors

20. Median portion of spermathecae squeezed toward epigynal plate, scarcely visible in dorsal view (figs. 136, 137)......... spec

– Median portion of spermathecae easily visible in dorsal view................... 21

21. Spermathecae widely separated anteriorly (figs. 176, 177)............... garnet

– Spermathecae approximate anteriorly... 22

22. Posterior portion of spermathecae much larg­ er than median and anterior portions (figs. 257, 273)....................... 23

– Posterior portion of spermathecae not much larger than median and anterior portions (figs. 241, 245, 249, 261, 269)...... 24

23. Spermathecae greatly widened (fig. 273)................................ tully

– Spermathecae not greatly widened (fig. 257)........................... carlisle

24. Epigynum with long lateral margins forming anterior arch (fig. 244), spermathecae almost bullet­shaped (fig. 245).. monteithi

– Epigynum with at most a weak anterior margin (figs. 240, 248, 260, 268), spermathecae not bullet­shaped (figs. 241, 249, 261, 269)........................... 25

25. Median portion of spermathecae larger than anterior or posterior portions (figs. 261, 269)........................... 26

– Median portion of spermathecae not larger than anterior or posterior portions (figs. 241, 249)....................... 27

26. Median portion of spermathecae rounded (fig. 261)........................ davies

– Median portion of spermathecae elongated (fig. 269).................... molloy

27. Anterior portion of spermathecae rounded, larger than median portion (fig. 249).............................. finnigan

– Anterior portion of spermathecae truncated posteriorly, smaller than median portion (fig. 241)................... kirrama

KEY TO SPECIES OF LAMPONA

KNOWN FROM SOUTHERN QUEENSLAND

1. Males............................. 2

– Females.......................... 24

2. Palpal femur with distinct subbasal expansion (figs. 67, 107, 123, 131, 163, 171, 267).. ................................ 3

– Palpal femur without subbasal expansion... ................................ 9

3. Retrolateral tibial apophysis a wide triangle (fig. 123), palpal femur with long subbasal ledge (fig. 123)........... punctigera

– Retrolateral tibial apophysis relatively narrow (figs. 67, 107, 131, 163, 171, 267).... 4

4. Palpal femur with distinct subbasal protuberance (figs. 67, 107, 163)............ 5

– Palpal femur with subbasal expansion not in form of distinct protuberance (figs. 131, 171, 267)........................ 7

5. Retrolateral tibial apophysis expanded at tip (fig. 107)................... flavipes

– Retrolateral tibial apophysis narrowed at tip (figs. 67, 163).................... 6

6. Retrolateral tibial apophysis straight (fig. 67), tip of embolus relatively small (fig. 66)................................ ruida

– Retrolateral tibial apophysis angled (fig. 163), tip of embolus relatively large (fig. 162).............................. taroom

7. Retrolateral tibial apophysis very narrow (fig. 267)........................ molloy

– Retrolateral tibial apophysis wider (figs. 131, 171)............................ 8

8. Retrolateral tibial apophysis with distal hook (fig. 171).................. danggali

– Retrolateral tibial apophysis without distal hook (fig. 131)........... moorilyanna

9. Retrolateral tibial apophysis relatively massive (figs. 52, 60, 103)............ 10

– Retrolateral tibial apophysis relatively slight (figs. 79, 127, 143, 147, 151, 195, 223, 227, 231, 251, 255, 263, 271)........... 12

10. Retrolateral tibial apophysis directed ventrally (fig. 103)................ chalmers

– Retrolateral tibial apophysis directed dorsally (figs. 52, 60).................... 11

11. Palpal femur relatively long (fig. 45), retrolateral tibial apophysis relatively long, sinuous (fig. 52).............. cylindrata

– Palpal femur relatively short (fig. 48), retrolateral tibial apophysis relatively short, straight (fig. 60).............. murina

12. Two retrolateral tibial apophyses (fig. 79)............................ talbingo

– Only a single retrolateral tibial apophysis present......................... 13

13. Retrolateral tibial apophysis directed ventrally (fig. 195)............... ampeinna

– Retrolateral tibial apophysis directed dorsally ............................... 14

14. Retrolateral tibial apophysis with long, greatly narrowed tip (figs. 143, 147, 223, 227, 255, 271)....................... 15

– Retrolateral tibial apophysis with shorter, wid­ er tip (figs. 127, 151, 231, 251, 263).... ................................ 20

15. Retrolateral tibial apophysis abruptly expand­ ed below tip (figs. 147, 255)........ 16

– Retrolateral tibial apophysis not abruptly ex­ panded below tip (figs. 143, 223, 227, 271) ............................... 17

16. Palpal bulb with anteromedial expansion (fig. 146), tip of embolus hidden behind tegulum (fig. 146)................ terrors

– Palpal bulb without anteromedial expansion (fig. 254), tip of embolus protruding past tegulum (fig. 254)............ carlisle

17. Subdistal portion of retrolateral tibial apophysis directed distally (figs. 143, 271)... 18

– Subdistal portion of retrolateral tibial apophysis directed dorsally (figs. 223, 227).... ............................... 19

18. Palpal bulb relatively narrow (fig. 142)................................. airlie

– Palpal bulb relatively wide (fig. 270)... tully

19. Posterior portion of palpal bulb relatively short (fig. 222)................ bunya

– Posterior portion of palpal bulb relatively long (fig. 226)............... cudgen

20. Retrolateral tibial apophysis of subequal width throughout most of its length (fig. 231)...................... superbus

– Retrolateral tibial apophysis narrowed toward tip (figs. 127, 151, 251, 263)....... 21

21. Retrolateral tibial apophysis gradually narrowed toward tip (figs. 127, 151).... 22

– Retrolateral tibial apophysis abruptly narrowed near tip (figs. 251, 263)...... 23

22. Retrolateral tibial apophysis situated near dorsal margin of tibia (fig. 151).. pusilla

– Retrolateral tibial apophysis situated near middle of lateral surface of tibia (fig. 127).......................... braemar

23. Posterior portion of palpal bulb narrow, angled (fig. 250)............. lamington

– Posterior portion of palpal bulb rounded (fig. 262)...................... chinghee

24. Epigynum with long, deep depression (sometimes filled with post­copulatory plug) occupying most of epigynal length (figs. 53, 61)............................ 25

– Epigynum without long depression.... 26

25. Epigynal depression relatively wide (fig. 53), anterior lobes of spermathecae without dorsal demarcation (figs. 54–56)................................. cylindrata

– Epigynal depression relatively narrow (fig. 61), anterior lobes of spermathecae dorsally demarcated by distinct ridge (figs. 57, 58, 62)........................ murina

26. Spermathecae on long, narrow stalks at least as long as anterior portion of spermathecae (figs. 105, 109, 197).............. 27

– Spermathecae on short stalks (as in fig. 265) ............................... 29

27. Epigynum with wide, v­shaped atrium (fig. 108)....................... flavipes

– Epigynum without distinct atrium, with dis­ tinct midpiece (figs. 104, 196)...... 28

28. Anterior portion of spermathecae globose (fig. 197)................. ampeinna

– Anterior portion of spermathecae tubular (fig. 105)...................... chalmers

29. Spermathecae bipartite (figs. 69, 81, 145, 149, 173), those two parts sometimes on narrow stalks (figs. 125, 133)............. 30

– Spermathecae clearly tripartite........ 36

30. Anterior and median portions of spermathe­ cae subequal in size (figs. 69, 125, 133).. ................................ 31

– Anterior portion of spermathecae smaller than median portion (figs. 81, 145, 149, 173) ............................... 33

31. Epigynum with deep anterior excavation (fig. 68).......................... ruida

– Epigynum without anterior excavation.. 32

32. Anterior portions of spermathecae approxi­ mate (fig. 133)........... moorilyanna

– Anterior portions of spermathecae divergent (fig. 125)................ punctigera

33. Epigynal midpiece relatively wide (fig. 172).......................... danggali

– Epigynal midpiece relatively narrow (figs. 80, 144, 148)....................... 34

34. Anterior portion of spermathecae rounded (fig. 145)..................... airlie

– Anterior portion of spermathecae not rounded (figs. 81, 149)................... 35

35. Median portion of spermathecae greatly elon­ gated (fig. 81).............. talbingo

– Median portion of spermathecae shorter (fig. 149)....................... terrors

36. Median portion of spermathecae much larger than anterior and posterior portions (figs. 153, 165, 269)................... 37

– Median portion of spermathecae not much larger than anterior and posterior portions ............................... 39

37. Anterior portion of spermathecae reduced to round knob (figs. 153, 165)......... 38

– Anterior portion of spermathecae not reduced (fig. 269).................... molloy

38. Epigynum with anterior excavation (fig. 164)........................... taroom

– Epigynum without anterior excavation (fig. 152)........................ pusilla

39. Epigynal midpiece relatively narrow (figs. 128, 224)....................... 40

– Epigynal midpiece relatively wide (figs. 228, 232, 252, 256, 264, 272)........... 41

40. Anterior portion of spermathecae relatively large (fig. 129).............. braemar

– Anterior portion of spermathecae relatively small (fig. 225)............... bunya

41. Epigynum with distinct anterior margin (figs. 232, 252, 256, 272)............... 42

– Epigynum without distinct anterior margin (figs. 228, 264).................. 45

42. Epigynum with anterior margin medially incised (figs. 252, 256, 272).......... 43

– Epigynum with anterior margin not medially incised (fig. 232)............ superbus

43. Spermathecae relatively wide (fig. 273)................................. tully

– Spermathecae relatively narrow (figs. 253, 257)........................... 44

44. Epigynal midpiece relatively short (fig. 252)......................... lamington

– Epigynal midpiece relatively long (fig. 256)........................... carlisle

45. Anterior portion of spermathecae relatively small (fig. 229).............. cudgen

– Anterior portion of spermathecae relatively large (fig. 265).............. chinghee

KEY TO SPECIES OF LAMPONA

KNOWN FROM VICTORIA, NEW SOUTH WALES, AND THE AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL TERRITORY

1. Males............................. 2

– Females.......................... 22

2. Retrolateral tibial apophysis relatively long, reaching to about one­fifth of cymbial length (as in figs. 52, 67)........... 3

– Retrolateral tibial apophysis relatively short, not reaching to about one­fifth of cymbial length (as in fig. 79)............... 8

3. Palpal femur with subbasal protuberance or excavation (figs. 67, 83, 95, 107)..... 4

– Palpal femur unmodified (figs. 52, 60)... 7

4. Palpal femur with subbasal excavation (fig. 95)...................... macilenta

– Palpal femur with subbasal protuberance (figs. 67, 83, 107)................. 5

5. Palpal bulb widened proximally (fig. 106)............................. flavipes

– Palpal bulb not widened proximally (figs. 66, 82)............................. 6

6. Palp with one retrolateral tibial apophysis (fig. 67)...................... ruida

– Palp with two retrolateral tibial apophyses (fig. 83).................... lomond

7. Palpal femur relatively long (fig. 45), retrolateral tibial apophysis relatively long, sinuous (fig. 52).............. cylindrata

– Palpal femur relatively short (fig. 48), retrolateral tibial apophysis relatively short, straight (fig. 60).............. murina

8. Palp with two retrolateral tibial apophyses (fig. 79)................... talbingo

– Palp with one retrolateral tibial apophysis.. ................................ 9

9. Palpal femur with basal or subbasal expansion (as in fig. 123)............... 10

– Palpal femur without expansion....... 13

10. Retrolateral tibial apophysis covered with stiff setae, gradually narrowed toward tip (fig. 215)...................... fife

– Retrolateral tibial apophysis without stiff setae (sometimes with soft setae; if so, abruptly narrowed below tip)....... 11

11. Retrolateral tibial apophysis with subdistal denticle (fig. 199)............ ooldea

– Retrolateral tibial apophysis without subdistal denticle......................... 12

12. Retrolateral tibial apophysis distally hooked (fig. 171).................. danggali

– Retrolateral tibial apophysis not distally hooked (figs. 123, 127)............ 13

13. Retrolateral tibial apophysis relatively wide near base (fig. 123)........ punctigera

– Retrolateral tibial apophysis relatively narrow near base (fig. 127).......... braemar

14. Retrolateral tibial apophysis with very narrow tip (fig. 219), body of apophysis almost obscured by numerous soft setae.............................. cumberland

– Retrolateral tibial apophysis less abruptly narrowed at tip..................... 15

15. Retrolateral tibial apophysis with subdistal denticle on ventral surface (fig. 183)............................... cohuna

– Retrolateral tibial apophysis without denticle ............................... 16

16. Tip of retrolateral tibial apophysis directed ventrally (fig. 195).......... ampeinna

– Tip of retrolateral tibial apophysis directed dorsally or retrolaterally........... 17

17. Palpal tibia relatively short (figs. 151, 167) ............................... 18

– Palpal tibia relatively long (figs. 179, 227, 235, 263)....................... 19

18. Palpal bulb relatively large (fig. 150).................................. pusilla

– Palpal bulb relatively small (fig. 166).................................. allyn

19. Tip of retrolateral tibial apophysis relatively long (fig. 227)............... cudgen

– Tip of tibial apophysis relatively short (figs. 179, 235, 263)................... 20

20. Palpal femur dorsally expanded, darkened (fig. 235)................... gosford

– Palpal femur unmodified............. 21

21. Retrolateral tibial apophysis short, stubby (fig. 179)................... mildura

– Retrolateral tibial apophysis longer, not stubby (fig. 263)................ chinghee

22. Epigynum with long, deep depression (some­ times filled with post­copulatory plug) oc­ cupying most of epigynal length (figs. 53, 61)............................ 23

– Epigynum without long depression.... 24

23. Epigynal depression relatively wide (fig. 53), anterior lobes of spermathecae without dor­ sal demarcation (figs. 54–56)... cylindrata

– Epigynal depression relatively narrow (fig. 61), anterior lobes of spermathecae dorsally demarcated by distinct ridge (57, 58, 62)........................... murina

24. Epigynum relatively wide (figs. 167, 184); spermathecae roughly triangular (figs. 168, 185)........................... 25

– Epigynum not as wide; spermathecae longi­ tudinal......................... 26

25. Epigynum with midpiece (fig. 167).. allyn

– Epigynum without midpiece (fig. 184)................................ cohuna

26. Spermathecae consisting of narrow posterior stalk and two subdivisions (as in fig. 69) ............................... 27

– Spermathecae consisting of stalk and at least three subdivisions (as in fig. 221).... 32

27. Spermathecal subdivisions roughly equal in size (figs. 69, 125)................ 28

– Posterior spermathecal subdivision longer than anterior (figs. 81, 85, 173, 201) 29

28. Epigynum with deep anterior depression (fig. 68), spermathecae bean­shaped (fig. 69)............................... ruida

– Epigynum with shallow anterior depression (fig. 124), spermathecae relatively short (fig. 125)................ punctigera

29. Anterior portion of spermathecae at least half as long as posterior portion (fig. 173, 201) ............................... 30

– Anterior portion of spermathecae much short­ er than posterior portion (figs. 81, 85)... ............................... 31

30. Posterior portion of spermathecae about as wide as anterior portion (fig. 173).............................. danggali

– Posterior portion of spermathecae much nar­ rower than anterior portion (fig. 201)............................... ooldea

31. Spermathecae relatively short (fig. 85)................................ lomond

– Spermathecae relatively long (fig. 81)............................. talbingo

32. Epigynum with wide, distinct anterior margin (figs. 108, 152).................. 33

– Epigynum without distinct anterior margin ................................. 34

33. Spermathecae widest anteriorly (fig. 109)............................. flavipes

– Spermathecae widest medially (fig. 153)............................... pusilla 34. Anterior lobes of spermathecae much narrow­ er than posterior lobes (figs. 181, 229)... ............................... 35

– Anterior lobes of spermathecae roughly as wide as posterior lobes, or wider.... 36

35. Median and anterior lobes of spermathecae displaced laterally (fig. 181).... mildura

– All spermathecal lobes longitudinally arrayed (fig. 229)................... cudgen

36. Anterior lobes of spermathecae much wider than posterior lobes (fig. 197).. ampeinna

– Anterior lobes of spermathecae not wider than posterior lobes............... 37

37. Posterior spermathecal lobe subdivided or crenulated (figs. 97, 129, 237)...... 38

– Posterior spermathecal lobe entire (figs. 217, 221, 265)....................... 40

38. Epigynal midpiece relatively wide (fig. 96)......................... macilenta

– Epigynal midpiece relatively narrow (figs. 128, 236)....................... 39

39. Epigynal midpiece relatively long (fig. 128).......................... braemar

– Epigynal midpiece relatively short (fig. 236)........................... gosford

40. Epigynal midpiece relatively wide (fig. 264).......................... chinghee

– Epigynal midpiece relatively narrow (figs. 220, 216)....................... 41

41. Epigynal midpiece relatively long (fig. 220)....................... cumberland

– Epigynal midpiece relatively short (fig. 216).............................. fife

KEY TO SPECIES OF LAMPONA

KNOWN FROM TASMANIA

1. Males (those of L. hickmani unknown).. 2

– Females........................... 6

2. Retrolateral tibial apophysis relatively long (figs. 52, 67, 83).................. 3

– Retrolateral tibial apophysis relatively short (figs. 127, 119)................... 5

3. Two retrolateral tibial apophyses present (fig. 83)........................ lomond

– Only one retrolateral tibial apophysis (figs. 52, 67).......................... 4

4. Retrolateral tibial apophysis narrowed at tip (fig. 52).................. cylindrata

– Retrolateral tibial apophysis expanded at tip (fig. 67)...................... ruida

5. Retrolateral tibial apophysis relatively wide (fig. 127).................. braemar

– Retrolateral tibial apophysis relatively narrow (fig. 119).................... ewens

6. Epigynum with wide, deep anterior excava­ tion (figs. 53, 68).................. 7

– Epigynum without anterior excavation... 8

7. Epigynal excavation relatively long (fig. 53)......................... cylindrata

– Epigynal excavation relatively short (fig. 68)............................. ruida

8. Epigynum with anteromedian projection (figs. 84, 128)......................... 9

– Epigynum without anteromedian projection (figs. 120, 154).................. 10

9. Anterior portion of spermathecae relatively small (fig. 85)............... lomond

– Anterior portion of spermathecae relatively large (fig. 129).............. braemar

10. Epigynum with distinct anterior margin (fig. 120)........................ ewens

– Epigynum without distinct anterior margin (fig. 154).................. hickmani