Myrmecotypus, O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1894

Silva-Junior, Cláudio J. & Bonaldo, Alexandre B., 2024, A revision of the South American species of the ant-mimicking spider genus Myrmecotypus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1894 (Araneae: Corinnidae: Castianeirinae), Zootaxa 5555 (4), pp. 451-496 : 454-456

Key to species of Myrmecotypus

1 Males (those of M. atratoides spec. nov., M. fuliginosus and M. lineatipes unknown)................................ 2

- Females (those of M. formicus comb. nov., M. drogon spec. nov. and M. jasmineae unknown)....................... 20

2(1) Tibia I ventral spination 2-2; all eyes of similar size; abdomen strongly constricted medially ( Reiskind 1969: figs 111, 112, 153–155)...................................................................... M. lineatus (Emerton, 1909)

- Tibia I ventral spination 3-2, 3-3, 4-3 or 4-4; AME larger than other eyes; abdomen oval to round, without constriction..... 3

3(2) Palp with retroapical tegular projection ( Figs 4G–H , 8G–H , 14D , 20G , 22G )...................................... 4

- Palp without retroapical tegular projection ( Figs 3A , 6G , 12G )................................................ 11

4(3) Tegular process present ( Figs 14D, I , 15D )................................................................. 5

- Tegular process absent ( Fig. 20G )........................................................................ 7

5(4) Embolus longer than RTP ( Fig. 15D )...................................................... M. drogon spec. nov.

- Embolus shorter or same length as RTP.................................................................... 6

6(5) RTP pointed, wider than the embolus ( Figs 14D–E ).......................... M. rubrofemoratus Perger & Rubio, 2021

- RTP blunt, narrower than embolus ( Figs 14I–J )................................ M. formicus ( Simon, 1896) comb. nov.

7(4) Tibia I ventral spination 3-3............................................................................. 8

- Tibia I ventral spination 4-3 or 4-4....................................................................... 10

8(7) RTP tip visible in ventral view, inserted far from embolar base................................................. 9

- RTP tip hidden in ventral view, inserted near embolar base ( Reiskind 1969: figs 255–257)....... M. orpheus Reiskind, 1969

9(8) Base of the RTP as wide as the tip; embolus curved ( Fig. 4G )........................ M. haddadi Perger & Rubio, 2021

- Base of the RTP wider than the tip; embolus straight ( Fig. 22G )................................. M. ciriaco spec. nov.

10(7) Tibia I ventral spination 4-3; RTP weakly sclerotized, flat ( Fig. 20G, H )......................... M. balerion spec. nov.

- Tibia I ventral spination 4-4; RTP strongly sclerotized, hook-shaped ( Fig. 8G, H )............... M. niger Chickering, 1937

11(3) Sperm duct narrow, nearly the same width as embolus ( Figs 6G , 24G ).......................................... 12

- Sperm duct wider than embolus ( Figs 3A , 4G )............................................................. 13

12(11) Small pre-embolic ridge present; embolus with two keels; abdomen completely dark ( Fig. 6A–G )............................................................................................ M. tahyinandu Perger & Rubio, 2020

- Pre-embolic ridge absent; embolus curved, without keels; abdomen white dorsally and with white spot ventrally ( Fig. 24A– G ).............................................................................. M. rapaxoides spec. nov.

13(11) Coxae I and II bright white to yellow-white, much lighter than coxae III and IV ( Figs 2C, F, I , 4C , 6C, F ).............. 14

- Coxal color pattern otherwise........................................................................... 17

14(13) Coxa I light brown, II white ( Figs 4C , 8C , 15C )............................................................ 15

- Coxae I and II white ( Figs 2C, F , 6C, F , 22C, F )............................................................ 16

15(14) RTA present; embolus short, folded ( Fig. 18G–H )............................................. M. ednae spec. nov.

- RTA absent; embolus longer, straight ( Fig. 19G–H )........................................ M. candianii spec. nov.

16(14) Carapace with a dense longitudinal row of erect hairs on thoracic region; paracymbial spine absent; embolus short, straight ( Reiskind 1969: figs 262–263)................................................... M. rettenmeyeri Unzicker, 1965

- Carapace without row of hairs; paracymbial spines present; embolus very long and curved ( Fig. 3A, B )............................................................................................... M. olympus Reiskind, 1969

17(13) Coxa II much lighter than coxae I, III and IV ( Fig. 12C, F )................................................... 17

- Coxae II and III much lighter than coxae I and IV ( Fig. 16C, F )................................................ 19

18(17) RTA present; sperm duct long, four-folded; embolus short, proximal area wider than the distal ( Figs 9–11 )............................................................................ M. dacetonoides ( Mello-Leitão, 1948) comb. nov.

- RTA absent; sperm duct short, two-folded; embolus long, proximal area as narrow as the distal ( Reiskind 1969: figs 247, 248) M. pilosus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1898)

19(17) Pre-embolic ridge absent; embolus long, narrow, with spiraled tip ( Leister & Miller 2014: fig. 1D–G).......................................................................................... M. jasmineae Leister & Miller, 2014

- Pre-embolic ridge present; embolus short, wide, with smooth tip ( Fig. 16G, H ).................. M. regianeae spec. nov.

20(1) Tibia I ventral spination 2-2; all eyes of similar size; abdomen strongly constricted medially ( Reiskind 1969: figs 111, 112, 153–155)...................................................................... M. lineatus (Emerton, 1909)

- Tibia I ventral spination 3-2 or more; AME larger than other eyes; abdomen oval to round, without constriction......... 21

21(19) Tibia I ventral spination 4-3 or more..................................................................... 22

- Tibia I ventral spination 3-3 or 3-2....................................................................... 24

22(21) Tibia I ventral spination 5-5; two large posterior furrows (Perger & Rubio 2021: fig. 3B)................................................................................................. M. rubrofemoratus Perger & Rubio, 2021

- Tibia I ventral spination 4-3 or 4-4; posterior furrows absent.................................................. 23

23(22) Tibia I ventral spination 4-3; epigyne with continuous transverse ridge and a median T-shaped sclerotization ( Fig. 20I )........................................................................................ M. balerion spec. nov.

- Tibia I ventral spination 4-4; epigynal transverse ridge interrupted medially, median sclerotization absent ( Fig. 8I )........................................................................................ M. niger Chickering, 1937

24(21) Epigyne without a transverse ridge anterior to copulatory openings ( Figs 3C , 4J , 16I ).............................. 25

- Epigyne with a transverse ridge anterior to copulatory openings ( Figs 6I , 12M , 19I )................................ 30

25(24) Epigyne with a posterior plate projected over epigastric groove ( Fig. 22I, J )....................... M. ciriaco spec. nov.

- Epigyne without such a plate ( Figs 4I , 16I )................................................................ 26

26(25) Coxa I and II much lighter than coxae III and IV........................................................... 27

- Coxae II and III much lighter than coxae I and IV........................................................... 29

27(26) Copulatory apertures ventrally directed; epigynal plate without medial depressions ( Fig. 4I ).................................................................................................... M. haddadi Perger & Rubio, 2021

- Copulatory apertures anteriorly directed; epigynal plate with medial depressions ( Fig. 3C ).......................... 28

28(27) Anterior border of epigynal medial depressions strongly recurved ( Fig. 3C ).................. M. olympus Reiskind, 1969

- Anterior border of epigynal medial depressions nearly straight ( Reiskind 1969: figs 253–254)........ M. orpheus Reiskind

29(26) Epigyne with ventral surface wrinkled; copulatory openings directed ventrally ( Fig. 16I )........... M. regianeae spec. nov.

- Epigyne with ventral surface smooth; copulatory openings directed laterally ( Reiskind 1969: figs 249, 250).......................................................................................... M. lineatipes Chickering, 1937

30(24) Epigynal transverse ridge interrupted medially ( Figs 18I , 19I )................................................. 31

- Epigynal transverse ridge continuous ( Figs 6I , 24I )......................................................... 32

31(30) Epigynal transverse ridge procurved, with marginal sclerotized area small ( Fig. 19I ).............. M. candianii spec. nov.

- Epigynal transverse ridge recurved, with marginal sclerotized area large ( Fig. 18I )................... M. ednae spec. nov

32(30) Wide constriction on carapace (over legs I and II); cephalic region colored differently to the thoracic ( Fig. 23 )............................................................................................. M. atratoides spec. nov.

- Narrow dorsal constriction on carapace (only over leg II or between I and II); cephalic region and thoracic of same color.. 33

33(32) Thoracic region elongate, at least twice the length of the cephalic region ( Figs 6B, E , 24B, E )........................ 34

- Thoracic region short, one and a half times the length of the cephalic region or less ( Figs 2B, E , 11B, E )............... 35

34(33) Abdomen white dorsally, one large spot in the middle and two white spots in posterior area ventrally; groove below the epigynal ridge absent ( Fig. 24D–F, I ).......................................................... M. rapaxoides spec. nov.

- Abdomen completely dark; groove below the epigynal ridge present ( Fig. 6F, I )....... M. tahyinandu Perger & Rubio, 2020

35(33) Longitudinal band of erect black hairs down back of thoracic region present; epigynal transverse ridge present, M-shaped ( Reiskind 1969: figs 264, 265)................................................... M. rettenmeyeri Unzicker, 1965

- Longitudinal band of erect black hairs down back thoracic region absent; epigynal transverse ridge otherwise ( Fig. 12G ).. 36

36(35) Epigynal transverse ridge sinuous; primary spermathecae strongly reduced ( Reiskind 1969: figs 245–248)................................................................................... M. pilosus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1898)

- Epigynal transverse ridge V-shaped; primary spermathecae almost the same size as secondary....................... 37

37(36) Coxae II and III much clearer than I and IV; groove below the epigynal ridge present ( Reiskind 1969: figs 251, 252)........................................................................ M. fuliginosus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1894

- Coxa III never white; groove below the epigynal ridge absent ( Figs 10C , 11F , 12H , 11I , 12M )..................................................................................... M. dacetonoides ( Mello-Leitão, 1948) comb. nov.

Figures

FIGURE 2. Myrmecotypus olympus Reiskind, 1969.: A–F Darker form male (MCN-19277); female (MCN-17597); G–L Orange forms male (MPEG(ARA)-003205), female (MPEG(ARA)-003166) A male, dorsal view; B same, lateral view; C same, ventral view; D female, dorsal view; E, same, lateral view; F same, ventral; G male, dorsal view; H same, lateral view; I same, ventral view; J female, dorsal view; K, same, lateral view; L same, ventral. Scale: 1 mm.

FIGURE 3. Myrmecotypus olympus Reiskind, 1969 A male palp, ventral view (MPEG(ARA)-003205); B same, retrolateral view; C female epigyne, ventral view (MPEG(ARA)-003166); D same, dorsal view. White arrow indicating medial loop, black arrow indicating lateral loop. Abbreviations: E, embolus; Ps, paracymbial spines; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; CO, copulatory opening; CD, copulatory duct; ST II, secondary spermathecae, ST I, primary spermathecae, FD, fertilization duct. Scale: 1 mm.

FIGURE 4. Myrmecotypus haddadi Perger & Rubio, 2021 A–C, G–I male (IBSP, IB- 8710), D–F, J–K. female (IBSP, IB- 8708): A male, dorsal view; B same, lateral view; C same, ventral view; D female, dorsal view; E, same, lateral view; F same, ventral view; G male palp, ventral view; H same, retrolateral view; I same, retrodorsal view, RTP; J female epigyne, ventral view; K same, dorsal view.Abbreviations: E, embolus; RTP, retroapical tegular projection; CO, copulatory opening, CD, copulatory duct; ST II, secondary spermathecae; ST I, primary spermathecae; FD, fertilization duct. Scale: 1 mm.

FIGURE 6. Myrmecotypus tahyinandu Perger & Rubio, 2020. A–C, G–I male (MNRJ-18390), D–F, J–K. female (IBSP, IB- 23081) A male, dorsal view; B same, lateral view; C same, ventral view; D female, dorsal view; E, same, lateral view; F same, ventral view; G male palp, ventral view; H same, retrolateral view; I female epigyne, ventral view; J same, dorsal view. White arrow indicating medial loop, black arrow indicating lateral loop. Abbreviations: E, embolus; pEr, pre-embolic ridge; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; CD, copulatory duct; ST II, secondary spermathecae, ST I, primary spermathecae. Scale: 1 mm.

FIGURE 8. Myrmecotypus niger Chickering, 1937. A–C, G–I male (MCN-23421), D–F, J–K. female (MPEG) A male, dorsal view; B same, lateral view; C same, ventral view; D female, dorsal view; E, same, lateral view; F same, ventral view; G male palp, ventral view; H same, retrolateral view; I female epigyne, ventral view; J same, dorsal view. White arrow indicating medial loop, black arrow indicating lateral loop.Abbreviations: E, embolus; RTP, retroapical tegular projection; CO, copulatory opening, CD, copulatory duct; ST II, secondary spermathecae; ST I, primary spermathecae; FD, fertilization duct. Scale: 1 mm.

FIGURE 9. Myrmecotypus dacetonoides (Mello-Leitão, 1948) comb. nov., female holotype (BMNH 1933.11.24.2). A female, dorsal view; B same, epigyne, ventral view C same, lateral view; D same, leg IV, lateral; E, same, ventral view; F original labels; G same, leg I, ventral view (black arrows indicating macrosetae).

FIGURE 10. Myrmecotypus dacetonoides (Mello-Leitão, 1948) comb. nov. (dark form). A female, lateral view; B dorsal view; C ventral view; D leg I, tibia, left, ventral view; E leg I, tibia, right, ventral view. Black arrows indicate macroarrow insertion. Scale: 1 mm.

FIGURE 11. Myrmecotypus dacetonoides (Mello-Leitão, 1948) comb. nov., types of M. iguazu Rubio & Arbino, 2009 syn. nov.. A–C, G–H Holotype, male (MACN-AR-19708), D–F, I Paratype, female (MACN-AR-19709). A male, dorsal view; B same, lateral view; C same, ventral view; D female, dorsal view; E, same, lateral view; F same, ventral view; G male palp, ventral view; H same, retrolateral view; I female epigyne, ventral view.

FIGURE 12. Myrmecotypus dacetonoides (Mello-Leitão, 1948) comb. nov. A–E, K–L male (UFMG-5538), F–J, M–N. female (UFMG-320) A male, dorsal view; B same, lateral view; C same, ventral view; D leg I, tibia, left, ventral view; E leg I, tibia, right, ventral view; F female, dorsal view; G, same, lateral view; H same, ventral view; I leg I, tibia, left, ventral view; J leg I, tibia, right, ventral view; K male palp, ventral view; L same, retrolateral view; M female epigyne, ventral view; N same, dorsal view. Abbreviations: E, embolus; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; CD, copulatory duct; ST II, secondary spermathecae, ST I, primary spermathecae; FD, fertilization duct. Black arrows indicate macrosetae insertion.Scale: 1 mm.

FIGURE 14. Myrmecotypus spp. A–E Myrmecotypus rubrofemoratus Perger & Rubio, 2021 (USMN), F–J Myrmecotypus formicus comb. nov. ((MPEG(ARA)-035465) A male, dorsal view; B same, lateral view; C same, ventral view; D male palp, ventral view; E, same, retrolateral view; F male, dorsal view; G same, lateral view; H same, ventral view; I male palp, ventral view; J same, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: E, embolus; RTP, retroapical tegular projection; p, tegular process. Scales: 1 mm.

FIGURE 15. Myrmecotypus drogon spec. nov.. holotype, male (MPEG(ARA)38949) A male, dorsal view; B same, lateral view; C same, ventral view; D male palp, ventral view; E same, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: E, embolus; RTP, retroapical tegular projection; p, tegular process. Scales: 1 mm.

FIGURE 16. Myrmecotypus regianeae spec. nov. A–C, G–I holotype male (MCN-15088), D–F, J–K. paratype female (IBSP, IB-16645) A male, dorsal view; B same, lateral view; C same, ventral view; D female, dorsal view; E, same, lateral view; F same, ventral view; G male palp, ventral view; H same, retrolateral view; I female epigyne, ventral view; I same, dorsal view. Abbreviations: E, embolus; pEr, pre-embolic ridge; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; CD, copulatory duct; ST II, secondary spermathecae, ST I, primary spermathecae; FD, fertilization duct. Scale: 1 mm.

FIGURE 18. Myrmecotypus ednae spec. nov. A–C, G–I holotype male (INPA), D–F, J–K. paratype female (MNRJ-13355) A male, dorsal view; B same, lateral view; C same, ventral view; D female, dorsal view; E, same, lateral view; F same, ventral view; G male palp, ventral view; H same, retrolateral view; I female epigyne, ventral view; J same, dorsal view. White arrow indicating medial loop, black arrow indicating lateral loop. Abbreviations: E, embolus; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; CO, copulatory opening; CD, copulatory duct; ST II, secondary spermathecae, ST I, primary spermathecae. Scale: 1 mm.

FIGURE 19. Myrmecotypus candianii spec. nov.. A–C, G–I holotype male ((MPEG(ARA)-035467)), D–F, J–K. paratype female ((MPEG(ARA) -035466). A male, dorsal view; B same, lateral view; C same, ventral view; D female, dorsal view; E, same, lateral view; F same, ventral view; G male palp, ventral view; H same, retrolateral view; I female epigyne, ventral view; J same, dorsal view. Abbreviations: E, embolus; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; CO, copulatory opening; CD, copulatory duct; ST II, secondary spermathecae, ST I, primary spermathecae. Scale: 1 mm.

FIGURE 20. Myrmecotypus balerion spec. nov. A–C, G–I holotype male (MPEG(ARA)-003429), D–F, J–K. paratype female paratype (MPEG(ARA)003426). A male, dorsal view; B same, lateral view; C same, ventral view; D female, dorsal view; E, same, lateral view; F same, ventral view; G male palp, ventral view; H same, retrolateral view; I female epigyne, ventral view; J same, dorsal view. Abbreviations: E, embolus; RTP, retroapical tegular projection; CO, copulatory opening, CD, copulatory duct; ST II, secondary spermathecae; ST I, primary spermathecae. Scale: 1 mm.

FIGURE 22. Myrmecotypus ciriaco spec. nov. A–C, G–I holotype male (UEMASUL.ARA-000284), D–F, J–K. paratype female paratype (UEMASUL.ARA-000285). A male, dorsal view; B same, lateral view; C same, ventral view; D female, dorsal view; E, same, lateral view; F same, ventral view; G male palp, ventral view; H same, retrolateral view; I female epigyne, ventral view; J same, dorsal view. Abbreviations: E, embolus; RTP, retroapical tegular projection; CO, copulatory opening, CD, copulatory duct; ST II, secondary spermathecae; ST I, primary spermathecae; FD, fertilization duct. Scale: 1 mm.

FIGURE 23. Myrmecotypus atratoides spec. nov. A–C, G–H; holotype female (IBSP, IB-14493); D–F, paratype variation forms (ICN-Ar-288). A female, dorsal view; B same, lateral view; C same, ventral view; D female, dorsal view; E same, lateral view; F same, ventral view; G, female epigyne, ventral view; H same, dorsal view.Abbreviations: CO, copulatory opening, CD, copulatory duct; ST II, secondary spermathecae; ST I, primary spermathecae; FD, fertilization duct. Scale: 1 mm.

FIGURE 24. Myrmecotypus rapaxoides spec. nov. A–C, G ̶I holotype male ((MPEG(ARA)38947), D–F, J–K. paratype female paratype (MPEG(ARA)38948). A male, dorsal view; B same, lateral view; C same, ventral view; D female, dorsal view; E, same, lateral view; F same, ventral view; G male palp, ventral view; H same, retrolateral view; I female epigyne, ventral view; J same, dorsal view. Abbreviations: E, embolus; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; CD, copulatory duct; ST II, secondary spermathecae, ST I, primary spermathecae; FD, fertilization duct. Scale: 1 mm.