Acanthosoma expansum Horváth, 1905

Tsai, Jing-Fu & Rédei, Dávid, 2015, The genus Acanthosoma in Taiwan (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Acanthosomatidae), Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 55 (2), pp. 625-664 : 658-660

Acanthosoma expansum Horváth, 1905

( Figs 16–19 , 42–44 , 55 , 86–91 , 95–98 )

Acanthosoma distincta (non Dallas, 1851): SCOTT (1874: 290). Misidentification ( ESAKI 1926: 199).

Acanthosoma expansum Horváth, 1905: 413 . Syntypes: J, ♀, Japan: Sapporo ; HNHM!

Acanthosoma expansum: ESAKI (1926: 199) (type material, figures, distribution), ESAKI (1932: 1590) (redescription, habitus, distribution, host plants), ISHIHARA (1947: 69) (diagnosis, figures, host plant, distribution), ESAKI (1950: 204) (redescription, habitus, distribution), MIYAMOTO (1962: 81) (redescription, host plant, habitat, distribution), KERZHNER (1964: 364) (records, distribution), HIURA (1977: 106) (listed, figure, distribution), HSIAO & LIU (1977: 179) (in key, redescription, photo, figures, distribution), LIU (1979: 56) (listed), ZHANG & SIE (1987: 70) (listed, distribution), KANYUKOVA (1988: 912) (in key, figure, distribution), LIU (1988: 122) (record, distribution), LIU (1992: 132) (records, distribution), BU & ZHENG (1997: 207) (redescription, figure, record, distribution), LEI & ZHOU (1998: 42) (listed, distribution), HUA (2000: 166) (listed, distribution), KOBAYASHI & TACHIKAWA (2004: 286) (description of figures of preimaginal stages, host plants, bionomics, phenology, distribution), GÖLLNER- SCHEIDING (2006:167) (catalogue, distribution), KANYUKOVA & MARUSIK (2006: 173) (listed, distribution), XUE & BU (2006: 225) (redescription, distribution), YAMAMOTO et al. (2009: 33) (host plants), HAN & LIU (2010: 158) (records, distribution), YAMAMOTO & HAYASHI (2011: 150) (in key), YAMAMOTO & HAYASHI (2012: 504) (redescription, distribution).

Acanthosoma expansa: KIRKALDY (1909: 171) (catalogue, distribution).

Acanthosoma expansus: VINOKUROV et al. (2010: 225) (catalogue, distribution).

Type material examined. LECTOTYPE (present designation): J, ‘ Japonia [printed] \ Sapporo [handwritten] \ Matsumura [printed]’, ‘expansum [handwritten red underline] \ det. Horváth [printed]’; pinned, both antennae lacking, left humeral process broken; deposited in HNHM ( Figs 95–97 ) . PARALECTOTYPE: ♀, ‘Japonia’ [printed], with type label as in lectotype; pinned, segments III–IV of both antennae, tarsus of left middle leg, tarsal segment II of right middle leg lacking; deposited in HNHM ( Figs 98–99 ).

Additional material examined. TAIWAN: TAICHUNG CO.: Lishan , 10.v.1964, leg. C.T. Yang (1 ♀ NCHU) ; Dasyeshan logging Rd. 32.5 k, 9.v.2011, at light, leg. W.M. Hunting (1 ♀ NCHU) . NANTOU CO.: Meifeng 2150 m, v.1984, Malaise trap, leg. K.S. Lin & K.C. Chou (1 J [dissected] TARI) ; Tsuifeng–Sungkang , 23.iii.1977, leg. Y. Notsu, NSMT-I-He 34908 (1♀ NSMT) ; Sungkang , 7.vii.1995 (1J OMHJ) ; Tsuifeng , 14.iii.1979, leg. A. Shinohara, NSMT-I-He 34907 (1 ♀ NSMT) ; Jenai Chiepei , 7.v.1992, sweeping net, leg. W.T.Yang, NMNS ENT 1447–1604 (1 ♀ NMNS) . CHIAYI CO.: Arisan , 18–30.ix.1949, Coll. T. Maa (1 ex. [abdomen missing] TARI) .

Preimaginal stages. Eggs and all larval instars were described and illustrated by KOBAYASHI & TACHIKAWA (2004).

Bionomics. The following species were recorded as host plants of A. expansum in Japan: Rosaceae : Rubus phoenicolasius Maxim., R. amabilis Focke var. aculeatissimus T.T. Yu & L.T. Lu , R. crataegifolius Bunge ; Caprifoliaceae : Sambucus racemosa L. var. kamtschatica E.L. Wolf ( YAMAMOTO et al. 2009). Newly hatched larvae collected in Sapporo were successfully reared to adults on fresh fruits of Sambucus sp. by the first author under laboratory conditions. Its host plants in China and Taiwan are unknown.

The species is univoltine in Japan. Copulation occurs in May and June, adults of the new generation appear from August. It overwinters in adult stage ( KOBAYASHI & TACHIKAWA 2004).

Distribution. Summary of known records: RUSSIA: FAR EAST TERRITORY: Kuril Islands ( KERZHNER 1964, KANYUKOVA & MARUSIK 2006, VINOKUROV et al. 2010, MIYAMOTO & HAYASHI 2012). — JAPAN: HONSHU: Tokyo!, Kanagawa!, Nara!, Ibaraki! (SEHU), Mt. Mitsutoge! (HNHM). SHIKOKU: Mt. Tsurugi! (HNHM). KYUSHU (MIYAMOTO & HAYASHI 2012). HOKKAIDO: Kitami!, Jozankei!, Sapporo!, Yubari!, Hidaka!, Nukabira! (SEHU). — CHINA: SHAANXI: Zhouzhi!, Foping: Liangfengya! (NKUM). HUBEI: Shennongjia!, Changyang! (NKUM). ZHEJIANG: Mt. Fengyang!, Wuyanling! (NKUM). SICHUAN: Wolong!, Mt. Emei!, Guan County ( HSIAO & LIU 1977), Mt. Wu ( BU & ZHENG 1997). GUIZHOU: Mt. Fanjing! (NKUM). YUNNAN: Lushui, Yunlong: Mt. Zhiben, Weixi: Pantiange ( LIU 1992). GUANGXI: Mt. Mao’er! (NKUM). TIBET: Zayü!, Bomê!, Yi’ong! (NKUM), Nyalam ( ZHANG & SIE 1987). — TAIWAN: TAI- CHUNG CO.!; NANTOU CO.!; CHIAYI CO.!

Remarks. The species was described based on an unspecified number of males and females collected in Sapporo, Japan ( HORVÁTH 1905).A male from Sapporo and a female from ‘Japonia’ [= Japan], both bearing G. Horváth’s handwritten type labels, were located in the HNHM ( Figs 95–99 ). Apparently both specimens are syntypes, and the male ( Figs 95–96 ) is hereby designated as lectotype.

Specimens from Taiwan ( Figs 88–91 ) conspicuously differ from specimens from Japan ( Figs 86–87 ) and China in their long and elevated humeral processes (greatest width of pronotum across tips of humeral processes: Taiwan: J 7.98–8.28 mm, ♀ 9.80–10.30 mm, Japan: J 6.87–7.87 mm, ♀ 8.08–9.19 mm). Members of the population in Taiwan are also somewhat smaller than those from Japan ( Taiwan:J 11.9–12.2 mm, ♀ 13.7–14.2 mm, Japan: J 12.2–13.1 mm, ♀ 14.4–15.2 mm), and their body appear slightly more narrow (greatest width of body measured posteriad of humeri: Taiwan: J 5.35–5.45 mm, ♀ 6.06–6.56 mm,

Japan: J 5.85–6.26 mm, ♀ 6.46–7.17 mm). As no difference could be found in the male and female genitalia of the two phenotypes, they are considered conspecific.

This species should be removed from Acanthosoma ( TSAI & RÉDEI 2015b) , but for the present it is tentatively cited in the original combination.

Figures

Figs 11–19. Acanthosoma spp., males. 11 – A. axicia sp. nov., posterior part of abdomen, ventral view; 12 – same, genital capsule, ventral view; 13 – same, lateral view; 14 – same, dorsal view; 15 – A. laevicorne Dallas, 1851, posterior part of abdomen, ventral view; 16 – A. expansum Horváth, 1905, posterior part of abdomen, ventral view; 17 – same, posteroventral view; 18 – same, genital capsule, posterior view; 19 – same, ventral view. Scales in mm.

Figs 20–44. Acanthosoma spp., right parameres in different views. 20–21 – A. atayal sp. nov.; 22 – A. haemorrhoidale formosanum subsp. nov., holotype; 23 – A. haemorrhoidale ouchii Ishihara, 1950 (China: Sichuan, Mt. Emei, USNM); 24 – A. haemorrhoidale haemorrhoidale (Linnaeus, 1758) (Spain: Fuente Dé, HNHM); 25–28 – A. asahinai Ishihara, 1943; 29–32 – A. fallax sp. nov.; 33–36 – A. pugnax sp. nov.; 37–39 – A. axicia sp. nov.; 40–41 – A. laevicorne Dallas, 1851; 42–44 – A. expansum Horváth, 1905. Scales in mm.

Figs 52–55. Acanthosoma spp., female terminalia, posteroventral view. 52 – A. axicia sp. nov.; 53 – A. pugnax sp. nov.; 54 – A. laevicorne Dallas, 1851; 55 – A. expansum Horváth, 1905. PO6, PO7 = Pendergrast’s organs of ventrites VI and VII, respectively. Scales in mm.

Figs 84–87. Acanthosoma spp. 84–85 – A. sichuanense (Liu, 1980); 86 – A. expansum Horváth, 1905, male (Japan: Sapporo); 87 – same, female (Japan: Sapporo). Scales in mm.

Figs 88–91. Acanthosoma expansum Horváth, 1905. 88–89 – male (Taiwan: Nantou Co., Sunkang); 90–91 – female (Taiwan: Nantou Co., Tsuifeng–Sungkang). Scales in mm.

Figs 92–99. Type specimens of Acanthosoma spp. and their labels.92–93 – A. laevicorne Dallas, 1851, lectotype; 94 – same, labels; 95–96 – A. expansum Horváth, 1905, lectotype; 97 – same, labels; 98 – A. expansum, paralectotype; 99 – same, labels. Scales in mm. © BMNH (92–94), HNHM (95–99).