Acanthosoma laevicorne Dallas, 1851

Tsai, Jing-Fu & Rédei, Dávid, 2015, The genus Acanthosoma in Taiwan (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Acanthosomatidae), Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 55 (2), pp. 625-664 : 645-646

Acanthosoma laevicorne Dallas, 1851

( Figs 15 , 40–41 , 54 , 80–83 , 92–93 )

Acanthosoma laevicorne Dallas, 1851: 311 . Syntypes: J, ♀, unknown locality; BMNH!

Anaxandra levicornis: HSIAO & LIU (1977: 171) . Incorrect subsequent spelling.

Acanthosoma laevicorne : HERRICH- SCHÄFFER (1853: 4) (listed, distribution), DOHRN (1859: 18) (catalogue, distribution), STÅL (1876: 115) (as of unknown generic placement, listed).

Acanthosoma laevicornis: WALKER (1867: 399) (listed).

Anaxandra laevicornis: ATKINSON (1889: 23) (reproduction of original description), LETHIERRY & SEVERIN (1893: 254) (catalogue), DISTANT (1900: 229) (listed), DISTANT (1902: 323) (redescription, habitus, figures, distribution), KIRKALDY (1909: 174) (catalogue, distribution), KUMAR (1974: 54) (type material), LEI & ZHOU (1998: 42) (listed, distribution), LIN et al. (1999: 97) (redescription, habitus, distribution), HUA (2000: 166) (listed, distribution), GÖLLNER- SCHEIDING (2006: 169) (catalogue, distribution), LIU & JU (2006: 327) (listed), LI et al. (2008: 214) (listed), LIU & WANG (2009: 594) (listed), HAN & LIU (2010: 158) (records, distribution), AUKEMA et al. (2013: 430) (catalogue, distribution).

Anaxandra levicornis: HSIAO & LIU (1977: 171) (in key, redescription, photo, figure, distribution), CHAO (1982: 51) (listed, distribution), LIU (1987: 152) (in key, distribution), LI et al. (1989: 39) (listed), ZHANG (1994: 36) (distribution), HE et al. (2007: 109) (listed), DING & LIU (2009: 102) (listed, distribution).

Anxandra [inadvertent error] levicornis: ZHANG et al. (1980: 32) (records, phenology).

Type material examined. LECTOTYPE (present designation):J, ‘144 [printed].a [handwritten]’,‘ Hardwicke \ Bequest. ’

[printed,with black frame], ‘ Acanthosoma [printed] \ liturata [printed, crossed out by hand] \ laevicornis [handwritten]

\ Walker’s catal. [printed]’; pinned, both antennae, right fore and mid legs, tarsal segments II of left mid and hind legs lacking ( BMNH) ( Figs 92–94 ). PARALECTOTYPE: ♀, ‘Type’ [printed, with red margin] ‘14? [printed, last character illegible because of damage by pin].a [handwritten]’, ‘ Hardwicke \ Bequest. ’ [printed, with black frame], ‘36 .

ACANTHOSOMA LAEVICORNIS ,’ [printed, cut from WALKER (1867: 399)]; pinned, segments II–IV of left, segments III–IV of right antenna, left fore and hind legs, tarsal segment II of right mid leg, tarsus of right hind leg lacking ( BMNH).

Additional material examined. TAIWAN: TAICHUNG CO.: Wushikeng, Exp. Station ESRI [= Endemic Species

Research Institute], 24°16′25.6ʺN 120°56′54.0ʺ, ca. 1000 m, 30.viii.2014, leg. C.T. Tang, ex Pyracantha koidzumii

(Hayata) Rehder (7 JJ 1 ♀ NCHU) ; Nantou Co., Sungk [u]ang, 29.VII.1985, leg. T. Hattori, NSMT-I-He 34912

(1 ♀ NSMT). INDIA: UTTARAKHAND: Kumaon, W. Almora, vi.1918, coll. H.G.C. Champion, B.M. 1927-409 (1 ♀

BMNH). VIETNAM: TONKIN, vi.1917, leg. R.V. de Salvaza (1 J [dissected] BMNH).

Diagnosis. A large and robust species (body length: 16.5–20.7 mm) with greatly elongate, anterolaterally directed and apically usually recurved humeral processes ( Figs 80–83 ). The diagnostic male terminalia ( Fig. 15 ), paramere ( Figs 40–41 ) and female terminalia ( Fig. 54 ) are illustrated in the present paper.

Bionomics. Eight adults and four larvae examined by us were collected from the endemic Formosa firethorn, Pyracantha koidzumii (Hayata) Rehder (Rosaceae) during a single collecting event; the collector informed us that he has observed them to feed on the fruits (C.T. TANG, pers. comm.). ZHANG et al. (1980) reported the species from the broad bean, Vicia faba L. ( Fabaceae ) from Zhejiang but this host plant record seems doubtful.

Distribution. Acanthosoma laevicorne has been recorded from a number of localities in southern China but it is apparently rare everywhere. It was listed from Shandong by HUA (2000) but this record was based on an unclear source and it seems questionable. DISTANT (1902) recorded it from ‘North-west Provinces’ of India; we present the first precise locality from the Indian Subcontinent. The species was listed from Japan by HSIAO & LIU (1977) and subsequent Chinese authors; as no Japanese authors have ever reported it from the country these records are considered as erroneous.A single old specimen from ‘Tonkin’ was examined by us and we consider this record as the first record for Vietnam. We present the first record from Taiwan.

Summary of known records: INDIA: UTTARAKHAND: Kumaon, Almora! (BMNH). — CHINA: HUBEI: Wuchang!, Wufeng! (NKUM), Enshi ( LEI & ZHOU 1998), Qizimeishan National Nature Reserve ( LIU & JU 2006). JIANGXI: Guling! (IZAS), Lushan, Nanchang, Mt. Jinggang ( ZHANG et al. 1980, ZHANG 1994), Jiulingshan National Nature Reserve ( LI et al. 2008). ZHEJIANG: Wuyanling!, Qingyuan!, Mt. Fengyang! (NKUM). SICHUAN ( HSIAO & LIU 1977, LIU 1987). YUNNAN: Luxi!, Nanjian: Mt. Fenhuang!, Xishuangbanna: Menglong! (NKUM), Kunming, Chenggong, Jinghong ( HSIAO & LIU 1977, LIU 1987). FUJIAN: Amoy! [= Xiamen], Chong’an! (IZAS), Da’an ( HSIAO & LIU 1977), Mt. Wuyi ( LIN et al. 1999). SHANDONG? ( HUA 2000). — TAIWAN: TAICHUNG CO.!; NANTOU CO.! — VIETNAM: TONKIN! (BMNH).

Remarks. Acanthosoma laevicorne was described based on an unspecified number of males and females collected at an unknown locality by Th. Hardwicke ( DALLAS 1851). A male and a female syntype were located in the BMNH, and the male ( Figs 92–93 ) is hereby designated as lectotype.

The species is related to A. rufispinum (Distant, 1887) and A. tauriforme (Distant, 1887) ; the three species apparently form a monophyletic group (called here as the A. laevicorne group) based on the following combination of characters: head triangular, pointed (mandibular plates narrow, clypeus surpassing them apically); stongly prolonged, sword-shaped, apically recurved humeral process; similar shape of genital capsule (with an extension of the dorsal wall over the ventral infolding and a pair of protuberances on the ventral rim laterally); similar shape of paramere. Acanthosoma laevicorne differs from the other three species by the presence of a distinct tubercle on the maxillary plate anteriad and mesad of antennal insertion, the greatly produced mesosternal carina far surpassing middle of head, and its male and female terminalia. The other two species were illustrated by TSAI & RÉDEI (2015b).

Figures

Figs 11–19. Acanthosoma spp., males. 11 – A. axicia sp. nov., posterior part of abdomen, ventral view; 12 – same, genital capsule, ventral view; 13 – same, lateral view; 14 – same, dorsal view; 15 – A. laevicorne Dallas, 1851, posterior part of abdomen, ventral view; 16 – A. expansum Horváth, 1905, posterior part of abdomen, ventral view; 17 – same, posteroventral view; 18 – same, genital capsule, posterior view; 19 – same, ventral view. Scales in mm.

Figs 20–44. Acanthosoma spp., right parameres in different views. 20–21 – A. atayal sp. nov.; 22 – A. haemorrhoidale formosanum subsp. nov., holotype; 23 – A. haemorrhoidale ouchii Ishihara, 1950 (China: Sichuan, Mt. Emei, USNM); 24 – A. haemorrhoidale haemorrhoidale (Linnaeus, 1758) (Spain: Fuente Dé, HNHM); 25–28 – A. asahinai Ishihara, 1943; 29–32 – A. fallax sp. nov.; 33–36 – A. pugnax sp. nov.; 37–39 – A. axicia sp. nov.; 40–41 – A. laevicorne Dallas, 1851; 42–44 – A. expansum Horváth, 1905. Scales in mm.

Figs 52–55. Acanthosoma spp., female terminalia, posteroventral view. 52 – A. axicia sp. nov.; 53 – A. pugnax sp. nov.; 54 – A. laevicorne Dallas, 1851; 55 – A. expansum Horváth, 1905. PO6, PO7 = Pendergrast’s organs of ventrites VI and VII, respectively. Scales in mm.

Figs 80–83. Acanthosoma laevicorne Dallas, 1851. 80–81 – male; 82–83 – female. Scales in mm.

Figs 92–99. Type specimens of Acanthosoma spp. and their labels.92–93 – A. laevicorne Dallas, 1851, lectotype; 94 – same, labels; 95–96 – A. expansum Horváth, 1905, lectotype; 97 – same, labels; 98 – A. expansum, paralectotype; 99 – same, labels. Scales in mm. © BMNH (92–94), HNHM (95–99).