Embolemus harteni Olmi, 1997

Moghaddam, Mostafa Ghafouri, Mohebban, Shahla, Olmi, Massimo, Rahmani, Zahra, Rakhshani, Ehsan, Arias-Penna, Diana Carolina & Ahmad, Zubair, 2022, Revision of Embolemidae (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea) from the Middle East, Zootaxa 5138 (3), pp. 305-323 : 313-315

Embolemus harteni Olmi, 1997

( Figs 4 , 6A–6B )

Type material examined. HOLOTYPE, ♂: YEMEN, Amanat Al Asimah Governorate, Sana’a (15°22’N, 44°11’E), viii.1991, light trap, No. 428, A. van Harten coll., det. M. Olmi in 1995, Barcode Number: AMNH _ IZC 00332594 , AMNH . PARATYPES: 4 ♂, same data as for holotype, AMNH ; 17 ♂, same data as for holotype except for: vii.1991, light trap, No. 377, AMNH ; 1 ♂, same data as for holotype except for: vii.1991, No. 377, RAM ; 2 ♂, same data as for holotype except for: vii.1991, No. 377, CNC ; 3 ♂, same data as for holotype except for: vii.1991, No. 377, BPBM ; 1 ♂, same data as for holotype except for: vii.1991, No. 377, NHMLA ; 1 ♂, same data as for holotype except for: vii.1991, No. 377, RMNH .

Additional material examined from the Middle East. YEMEN, Amanat Al Asimah Governorate, Sana’a (15°22’N, 44°11’E) : 1 ♂, vi.1999, light trap, A. van Harten coll., No. 3836, MOLC . Ta’izz Governorate, Ta’izz (13°35’N, 44°2’E) : 28 ♂, 05.i–02.ii.1998, light trap, A. van Harten & A. Ahwad coll., No. 2939, MOLC ; 9 ♂, same data as preceding except for: 01–03.iv.1998, No. 3001 ; 2 ♂, same data as preceding except for: 26–28.iv.1998, No. 3072 ; 41 ♂, same data as preceding except for: 26–28.v.1998, No. 3110 ; 1 ♂, same data as preceding except for: xi.1999, No. 4165 ; 1 ♂, same data as preceding except for: ix.1999, No. 4240 ; 2 ♂, same data as preceding except for: x.1999, No. 4259 ; 1 ♂, same data as preceding except for: xii.1999, No. 4337 ; 10 ♂, same data as preceding except for: viii.1999, No. 4220 ; 1 ♂, data as preceding except for: v.2000, A. van Harten & A. R . Al Yarimi coll., No. 4631; 70 ♂, same data as preceding except for: v-vi.2000, N. 4770 ; 70 ♂, same data as preceding except for: viii.2000, No. 5125 ; 70 ♂, same data as preceding except for: ix.2000, N. 5183 ; 15 ♂, same data as preceding except for: ix.2001, No. 6452 ; 13 ♂, same data as preceding except for: x.2001, N. 6389 ; 15 ♂, same data as preceding except for: iii-iv.2002, No. 6641 ; 4 ♂, same data as preceding except for: v-vi.2002, No. 7437 ; 16 ♂, same data as preceding except for: vi.2002, No. 6949 ; 24 ♂, same data as preceding except for: vii.2002, No. 7316 ; Al-Mahwith Governorate, Ar Rujum (15°24’N, 43°39’E) : 5 ♂, 16.x.2000 - 15.i.2001, Malaise trap, A. van Harten & A. M. Hager coll., No. 5337, MOLC ; 3 ♂ same data as preceding except for: 15.i–09.iv.2001, No. 5549 .

Diagnosis. Dorsal membranous process of paramere with papillae and bristles apically ( Fig. 6B ); fore wing with second cubital cell (2Cu) enclosed by spectral veins ( Fig. 4B ).

Redescription (Male). Macropterous. Body length 2.2 mm.

Head. Antenna filiform, articulated to prominent and contiguous processes, apically thin, ratio of antennomeres: 13:3:9:10:9:8:8:7:7:9 ( Fig. 4A ); antennal toruli far from basal margin of clypeus; head shiny, smooth, unsculptured, covered with short setae, with dorsal side swollen ( Fig. 4D ); face with two visible incomplete longitudinal and median sutures, sutures only visible in basal half of region from clypeus to antennal toruli ( Fig. 4C ); frons without tracks of median furrow ( Figs 4C, 4E ); occipital carina complete ( Fig. 4E ); ocelli distinct; POL: 2, OL: 2, OOL: 3, OPL: 2, TL: 5; eye large, approximately 0.5 × head ( Fig. 4E ).

Mesosoma . Pronotum short, rugose, not visible in dorsal view, covered with short setae, hidden between head and anteromesoscutum, pronotum much shorter than half of mesoscutum ( Fig. 4F ); notaulus absent and parapsidal signum present ( Fig. 4F ); anteromesoscutum and mesoscutellum shiny, smooth, unsculptured, finely covered with short setae, with the track of median longitudinal striae in the apical third ( Fig. 4F ); mesoscuto-mesoscutellar suture deep and continuous ( Fig. 4F ); metanotum shiny, smooth, unsculptured ( Fig. 4G ); mesopleuron and lateral area of metapectal-propodeal complex shiny, weakly granulate, meso-metapleural suture distinct and complete ( Fig. 4I ); metapectal-propodeal complex smooth, shiny, unsculptured ( Fig. 4G ).

Wings ( Fig. 4B ). Fore wing fully winged, hyaline, without dark transverse bands, Costal (C), Radial (R), and first cubital (1Cu) cells enclosed by pigmented veins; first medial (1M) and second cubital (2Cu) cells not distinctly visible, enclosed by spectral veins; apical part of 2r-rs&Rs vein 1.4 × longer than basal part; hind wing hyaline.

Legs ( Fig. 4A ). Profemur 4.6 × as long as wide; protibia about 6.0 × as long as wide; metatibia about 11.0 × as long as wide (maximum breadth); hind outer spur approximately twice as long as inner spur; tibial spurs formula 1/2/2.

Metasoma ( Figs 4H, 4J ). Petiole short, metasomal tergum smooth, shiny, and covered with minute setae.

Genitalia ( Fig. 6B ). With dorsal membranous process of paramere, process with papillae, apically with bristles.

Colour. Head brown ( Figs 4C–4E ), with mandible testaceous ( Fig. 4C ); antenna brown with second antennomere testaceous ( Fig. 4A ); mesosoma brown ( Fig. 4I ); metasoma and legs brown-testaceous ( Fig. 4J ).

Female. Unknown.

Geographical distribution ( Fig. 7B ). Yemen, Kenya, and South Africa (Afrotropical region) ( Olmi & Copeland 2011; Olmi et al. 2015; Chény et al. 2020).

Distribution inside the Middle East ( Fig. 8B ). Yemen, Sana’a (Southwestern Arabian montane woodlands ecoregion) ( Olmi 1997), Al Mahwit, and Taizz governorates (new records).

Host. Unknown but probably attacks nymphs of Cixiidae ( Hemiptera :Auchenorrhyncha, Fulgoromorpha) feeding on roots in the soil ( Olmi & van Harten 2000).

Similar species. This species is resembling Embolemus huberi Olmi ( Table 2 ).

Type status. Pinned and in good condition.

Figures

FIGURE 4. Embolemus harteni Olmi, 1997, male from Yemen, (MOLC). A. Body, dorsal view; B. Fore wing; C–E. Head; C. Frontal view; D. Lateral view; E. Dorsal view; F, I, K. Mesosoma; F. Dorsal view; I. Lateral view; K. Ventral view; G. Metapectal-propodeal complex, dorsal view; H, J. Metasoma; H. Dorsal view; J. Lateral view.

FIGURE 6. Habitus and genitalia of Embolemus spp. in the Middle East, redrawn from Olmi, 1997. A, B. E. harteni Olmi; C, D. E. huberi Olmi.

FIGURE 7. World distribution map of Embolemidae species recorded in the Middle East. A. Ampulicomorpha thauma and Embolemus huberi in the Palaearctic region; B. Embolemus harteni in the Afrotropical region.

FIGURE 8. Map of terrestrial ecoregions and species distribution of Embolemidae in the Middle East. A. Iran and adjacent countries; B. Yemen and adjacent countries. Ecoregions are in different colours, but here we are only referring to Iran and Yemen where embolemids were found.