Marasmius cf. subruforotula Singer, Bull. Jard. Bot. État Brux.

Shay, Jackie E., Desjardin, Dennis E., Perry, Brian A., Grace, Chris L. & Newman, Danny S., 2017, Biodiversity and phylogeny of Marasmius (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) from Madagascar, Phytotaxa 292 (2), pp. 101-149 : 122-124

15. Marasmius cf. subruforotula Singer, Bull. Jard. Bot. État Brux. 34: 339. 1964. ( Fig. 10 , Plate 3 )

Type:— DR CONGO. Equateur Province, Eala, July 1907, L. Pynaert 1608 ( BR 11515–69).

Description:— Pileus 2–7 mm diam, campanulate to convex, umbilicate, with a dark brown (6 F 8) conical papilla;

margin plicate to sulcate; surface dry, glabrous; greyish orange to brownish orange or light brown (5–6 B –D4–8).

Context thin, white. Lamellae adnate to a collarium, distant (9–12), no lamellulae, broad, white to buff (4 A 2), nonmarginate. Stipe 6–40 × <0.5 mm, central, cylindrical, wiry, hollow, insititious; surface glabrous; dark brown to black.

Odor and taste not distinctive.

Basidiospores 7.2–9.6 (–10.4) × 3.2–4 μm [x mr = 8–8.4 × 3.8–3.9 μm; x mm = 8.23 ± 0.2 × 3.87 ± 0.1 μm; Q = 1.8– 2.6; Q mr = 2.06–2.19; Q mm = 2.14 ± 0.1, n = 24–25, s = 3], ellipsoid, smooth, hyaline, inamyloid, thin-walled. Basidia 19.2–32 × 4–8 μm, clavate 4-spored, hyaline, inamyloid, thin-walled; sterigmata 1.6–4.8 × 0.8–1.6 μm. Basidioles

16.8–26.4 × 4–7.2 μm, clavate, hyaline, inamyloid, thin-walled. Cheilocystidia numerous, of Siccus - type broom cells;

main body 8.8–18.4 × 5.6–10.4 μm, clavate to cylindrical or subglobose, hyaline, inamyloid, thin-walled; apical setulae 0.5–5.6 × 0.8–1.6 μm, conical to cylindrical, hyaline, inamyloid, thin-walled. Pleurocystidia absent. Pileipellis mottled, a hymeniform layer of Siccus - type broom cells; main body 11.2–20 × 5.6–12.8 μm, clavate to cylindrical, subglobose or irregular, hyaline, inamyloid, thick-walled; apical setulae 0.8–5.6 × 0.8–1.6 μm, cylindrical to conical, sometimes branching, hyaline to yellow or brown, inamyloid, thin-walled. Pileus trama interwoven; hyphae 1.6–11.2 μm diam, cylindrical to inflated, smooth, hyaline, inamyloid, thin-walled. Lamellar trama regular; hyphae 1.6–9.6 μm diam, cylindrical to inflated, smooth, hyaline, inamyloid, thin-walled. Stipe tissue monomitic; cortical hyphae 3–5.6 μm diam, parallel, cylindrical, smooth, light brown to brown, dextrinoid, thick-walled; medullary hyphae 1.6– 9.6 μm diam, parallel, cylindrical to inflated, smooth, hyaline, inamyloid, thin-walled. Caulocystidia absent. Clamp connections present.

Habit, habitat and known distribution:—Solitary or gregarious on a variety of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous leaves including, but not limited to Mallotus ( Euphorbiaceae ), Pandanus ( Pandanaceae ), Vernonia ( Asteraceae ), Noronhia ( Oleaceae ), Blotia ( Euphorbiaceae ), Coffea mangoroensis ( Rubiaceae ), Alafia ( Apocynaceae ), Uapaca thouarai , Uapaca densifolia ( Phyllanthaceae ), Ambavia ( Annonaceae ), Psychotria ( Rubiaceae ) and Carallia brachiata ( Rhizophoraceae ). Africa ( Cameroon, DR Congo, Nigeria, Tanzania, Uganda), Madagascar, Thailand.

Material examined:— MADAGASCAR. District Moramanga, Region Alaotra-Mangoro, Commune Andasibe, Vohimana forest, Piste 5, elev. 844 m, GPS: 18˚ 55.422’ S, 48˚ 30.201’ E, 27 January 2014, J. E. Shay 186 ( SFSU), J. E. Shay 190 ( SFSU) & J. E. Shay 192 ( SFSU).

Notes:—The material from Madagascar shows closest phenetic similarity to Marasmius subruforotula . The Madagascar taxon is distinguished by a small (2–7 mm diam), brownish orange pileus with a distinct dark brown papilla, distant (9–12), collariate, non-marginate lamellae, dark brown insititious stipe, basidiospores in the range 7.2– 10.4 × 3.2–4 μm, Siccus - type broom cells, and growth on dicotyledonous leaves and twigs. Marasmius subruforotula , described from the DR Congo, has reddish brown pilei, reddish brown-marginate lamellae and broader basidiospores (4–5 μm wide). Our material matches that reported from Madagascar by Antonín & Buyck (2006) as M. cf.subruforotula . Pegler (1977) and Antonin (2007) report M. subruforotula from throughout Africa with morphology that overlaps that reported here; however, ITS sequences of material from Príncipe (Grace et al. unpubl.) are quite different from those reported here from Madagascar specimens, although they are sister to each other (100% BS, 1.0 PP support; Fig. 1c ), suggesting that they represent different species. Until additional materials representing a wide distribution of specimens from the African continent are compared, we tentatively recognize the Madagascar taxon as Marasmius cf. subruforotula .

Figures

FIGURE 1a. Maximum likelihood phylogeny based on ITS sequence data. Marasmius from Madagascar are indicated in bold type.Values separated by / refer to nonparametric ML bootstrap proportions and Bayesian posterior probabilities, respectively. Values greater than 70/0.70 are shown (- designates a value below 70% or below 0.70). Nodes receiving support values greater than 90/0.95 are represented by bold branches. G—sect. Globulares; N—sect. Neosessiles; SA—sect. Sicci ser. Atrorubentes; SL—sect. Sicci ser. Leonini; SH—sect. Sicci ser. Haematocephali.

PLATE 3. Basidiocarps representing sect. Marasmius subsect. Sicciformes a) Marasmius brunneoaurantiacus (JES 113) b) Marasmius crinisequi (JES 176) c) Marasmius cf. subruforotula (JES 186). Scale bar = 10 mm. Photography by D.S. Newman.

FIGURE 10. Marasmius cf. subruforotula (JES 186, JES 190, JES 192) a) basidiospores; b) basidia; c) basidioles; d) cheilocystidia; d) pileipellis cells. Scale bar = 10 μm. Illustrated by J.E. Shay.