Marasmius haematocephalus (Mont.) Fr., Epicr. Syst. Mycol. (Upsaliae)

Shay, Jackie E., Desjardin, Dennis E., Perry, Brian A., Grace, Chris L. & Newman, Danny S., 2017, Biodiversity and phylogeny of Marasmius (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) from Madagascar, Phytotaxa 292 (2), pp. 101-149 : 140-141

29. Marasmius haematocephalus (Mont.) Fr., Epicr. Syst. Mycol. (Upsaliae) : 382. 1838 (1836–1838). ( Fig. 20 , Plate 8 )

Type :— BRAZIL. Not preserved. Neotype. Guanabara, Jardin Botånico, 28 January 1961, R. Singer C 3172 ( BAFC).

Description:— Pileus 2–12 mm diam, convex to campanulate, umbilicate with age, with or without a papilla; margin sulcate to plicate; surface dry, glabrous; buff (5 A 2) with pale orangish pink tones (6–7 A 3–4), or pinkish purple (11 C – D5–6) to dull reddish purple (9D– E 5–8). Context thin, cream to buff. Lamellae subfree to adnexed, distant (10–13), narrow; buff to pale beige with pink tones, non-marginate. Stipe 12–25 × 0.1–0.2 mm, central, cylindrical or wiry, hollow; surface glabrous; apex white to light orange (5 B 5), base brownish orange (6 C 6) to light brown or dark brown (9 F 8). Odor and taste not distinctive.

Basidiospores (13.6–) 16–22 × 3.2–4.8 μm [x mr = 17.1–20.9 × 3.6–4.1 μm; x mm = 18.71 ± 1.7 × 3.84 ± 0.3 μm; Q = 3.7–7.0; Q mr = 4.80–5.08; Q mm = 4.93 ± 0.1, n = 9–25, s = 4], narrowly fusiform to elongate-ellipsoid, smooth, hyaline, inamyloid, thin-walled. Basidia not observed. Basidioles 16–30.4 × 5.6–8.8 μm, clavate, hyaline, inamyloid, thin-walled. Cheilocystidia abundant, of Siccus - type broom cells; main body 6.4–24 × 4.8–8.8 μm, clavate to subglobose, cylindrical or irregular, seldom lobed, hyaline, inamyloid, thin-walled; apical setulae 0.8–7.2 × 0.8–1.6 μm, conical to cylindrical, obtuse, hyaline, inamyloid, thin-walled. Pleurocystidia 20.8–68 × 7.2–15.2 μm, clavate to fusoid, lecythiform or lageniform, some strangulate, rarely apically bilobed, hyaline, inamyloid, thin-walled. Pileipellis mottled, a hymeniform layer of Siccus - type broom cells; main body 6.4–24 × 4.8–9.6 μm, clavate to subglobose, cylindrical or irregular, seldom lobed, hyaline to light brown, inamyloid, thin-walled or apically thick-walled; apical setulae 0.5–8 × 0.5–2.4 μm, conical to cylindrical, obtuse, hyaline to light brown, inamyloid, thick-walled. Pileus trama interwoven; hyphae 2.4–9.6 μm diam, cylindrical, smooth, hyaline, dextrinoid, thin-walled. Lamellar trama regular; hyphae 2.4–8.8 μm diam, cylindrical to inflated, smooth, hyaline, weakly dextrinoid, thin-walled. Stipe tissue monomitic; cortical hyphae 2.4–9.6 μm diam, parallel, cylindrical to inflated, smooth, hyaline to light yellow brown, dextrinoid, thin-walled; medullary hyphae 2.4–15.2 μm diam, parallel, cylindrical to inflated, smooth, hyaline, dextrinoid, thin-walled. Caulocystidia absent. Clamp connections present.

Habit, habitat, and known distribution:—Solitary, scattered on leaves of Aframomium angustifolium ( Zingiberaceae ), Psorospermum ( Clusiaceae ), Uapacca densifolia ( Phyllanthaceae ), Mammea ( Calophyllaceae ) and Garcinia ( Clusiaceae ). Pantropical: Africa ( Cameroon, DR Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe), Caribbean region, Indonesia (Java), Madagascar, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, South America ( Brazil, Argentina), Sri Lanka, Thailand.

Material examined:— MADAGASCAR. Region Alaotra-Mangoro , District Moramanga , Commune Andasibe , Vohimana Forest, Piste 5, elev. 844 m, GPS: 18˚ 55.422’ S, 48˚ 30.201’ E, 27 January 2014, J. E. Shay 193 ( SFSU) ; Region Vatovavy-Fitovinany , District Ifanadiana , Commune Ranomafana , City of Ranomafana near riverbed next to Forest Service Station , elev. ~ 900 m, 20 January 2014, J. E. Shay 110 ( SFSU), same region Ranomafana National Park, Circuit Vohipara, elev. 1062 m, GPS: 21˚ 14.255’ S, 47˚ 23.409’ E, 21 January 2014, J. E. Shay 142 ( SFSU) ; Region Atsinanana , District Brickaville , Commune Andevoranto, Andavakimena Forest, elev. 1 m, GPS 18˚ 53.231’ S, 49˚ 7.490’ E, 28 January 2014, J. E. Shay 202 ( SFSU) ; Melville oil palm plantation, near Tamatave, 24 February 2000, B. Buyck 00.1820 ( PC) .

Notes:— Marasmius haematocephalus has been reported from tropical habitats around the world and probably represents a complex of species. Wannathes et al. (2009a) reported multicolored forms from Thailand, with pilei ranging from yellowish white to olive, red, violet, greyish blue and brown, or a combination of many of these pigments, all of which grouped in a well-supported clade with 1.0 PP and 99% BS support. The typical form of the species, described originally from southern Brazil, has a reddish purple to blood red pileus, clavate basidiospores in the range 14–20 × 3.5–5 μm, conspicuous pleurocystidia, and grows on leaves and twigs ( Singer 1976). Our material from Madagascar forms sulcate, pink to pinkish purple pilei, distant (10–12), non-marginate lamellae, a glabrous, non-insititious stipe, basidiospores with mean range 17.1–20.9 × 3.6–4.1 μm, strangulate pleurocystidia, and growth on dicotyledonous leaves. It matches well with the material reported from Madagascar by Antonín & Buyck (2006), and their ITS sequences ( KX 148977, KX148984, KX148985, KX148986, KX 148987) form a well-supported clade (99% BS, 1.0 PP; Fig. 1b ) with several sequences of M. haematocephalus from Thailand ( EU 935527, EU 935532).

Specimen JES 142 ( KX 148987) shows some differences with the other Madagascar specimens in forming slightly longer basidiospores with mean 20.8 × 4.1 μm, faintly reddish purple lamellar edges near the pileus margin, and an ITS sequence that is only 94% similar to other specimens in the well-supported M. haematocephalus clade. JES 142 consists of only a single basidiome with a reddish purple pileus, and until additional material becomes available, it is accepted as belonging to the M. haematocephalus complex.

Figures

FIGURE 1a. Maximum likelihood phylogeny based on ITS sequence data. Marasmius from Madagascar are indicated in bold type.Values separated by / refer to nonparametric ML bootstrap proportions and Bayesian posterior probabilities, respectively. Values greater than 70/0.70 are shown (- designates a value below 70% or below 0.70). Nodes receiving support values greater than 90/0.95 are represented by bold branches. G—sect. Globulares; N—sect. Neosessiles; SA—sect. Sicci ser. Atrorubentes; SL—sect. Sicci ser. Leonini; SH—sect. Sicci ser. Haematocephali.

PLATE 8,Basidiocarps representingsect.Sicciser.Haematocephalia) Marasmius haematocephalus(JES 202) b)Marasmius ferruginoides (JES 209) c) Marasmius hinnuleus (JES 217). Scale bar = 10 mm. Photography by D.S. Newman.

FIGURE 20. Marasmius haematocephalus (JES 147, JES 202, JES 193) a) basidiospores; b) basidioles; c) cheilocystidia; d) pleurocystidia; e) pileipellis cells. Scale bar = 10 μm. Illustrated by J.E. Shay.