Horismenus, Walker, 1843

Hansson, Christer, Kenyon, Sarah G. & Benrey, Betty, 2019, Species of Horismenus Walker (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) associated with bruchid beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae), including five new species, Zootaxa 4585 (1), pp. 168-188 : 169-170

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.1.10
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:934CA17E-9BEF-4353-9F6B-EDCF87DFA9EE
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5931496
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B57660-FFBD-FFB5-FF0F-81FEFDAA3AF7
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Horismenus
status

Treatment

Key to Horismenus View in CoL View at ENA species associated with bruchid beetles

1 Scutellum flat, partly to predominantly smooth ( Figs 2, 6 View FIGURES 1–8 , 75 View FIGURES 72–77 ).................................................. 2

- Scutellum distinctly convex, usually predominantly to completely reticulate (e.g. Fig. 20 View FIGURES 17–24 ) (in H. distinguendus View in CoL scutellum is smooth, but distinctly convex—see below)................................................................. 4

2 Female gaster very long, MM/LG = 0.6–0.7 ( Fig. 74 View FIGURES 72–77 ), posterior part of tergite I reticulate ( Fig. 74 View FIGURES 72–77 ); male scape inflated and dark in colour ( Fig. 77 View FIGURES 72–77 )......... H. gabrielae sp. nov. (♀, ♂) ( Mexico, from unidentified bruchids in seeds of Leucaena View in CoL sp.)

- Female gaster shorter, MM/LG = 1.0–1.1 ( Figs 15–16 View FIGURES 13–16 ), posterior part of tergite I with punctures ( Figs 15–16 View FIGURES 13–16 ); male scape more slender and predominantly pale in colour (4, 8)......................................................... 3

3 Female gaster with apex pointed ( Fig. 16 View FIGURES 13–16 ); mesoscutum and scutellum dull golden-green ( Fig. 2 View FIGURES 1–8 )............................................. H. depressus Gahan View in CoL (♀, ♂) ( USA (Arizona & Texas (new records), California, from Stator View in CoL spp.)

- Female gaster with apex more blunt ( Fig. 15 View FIGURES 13–16 ); mesoscutum and scutellum bright metallic bluish-green ( Fig. 6 View FIGURES 1–8 ), sometimes also with purple tinges...................... H. depressoides sp. nov. (♀, ♂) ( Honduras, Mexico, from Acanthoscelides View in CoL sp.)

4 Femora dark brown or metallic........................................................................... 5

- Femora yellowish-white or yellowish-brown................................................................ 6

5 Scutellum smooth and shiny ( Fig. 70 View FIGURES 68–71 ); propodeum with median carina wide and expanding towards posterior part ( Fig. 70 View FIGURES 68–71 )….......................................................................... H. distinguendus Blanchard View in CoL (♀) ( Argentina, Brazil, from an unidentified bruchid – morphologically this species is different from most other species associated with bruchids and also has several other host records (see Hansson 2009); it is possibly a hyperparasitoid)

- Scutellum with strong reticulation ( Fig. 71 View FIGURES 68–71 ); propodeum with median carina narrow and with sides more or less parallel ( Fig. 71 View FIGURES 68–71 )............................ H. puniceus Hansson (♀, ♂) ( Chile, Uruguay, from Pseudopachymeria spinipes (Er.))

6 Frons lateral to anterior ocellus with strong engraved reticulation ( Fig. 69 View FIGURES 68–71 ).................... H. erasmus Hansson (♂) ( Ecuador, from an unidentified bruchid)

- Frons lateral to anterior ocellus with strong raised reticulation (e.g. Fig. 25 View FIGURES 25–29 )....................................... 7

7 Antennal scrobes join frontal suture separately ( Fig. 68 View FIGURES 68–71 )...................................... H. perus Hansson (♀) ( Peru, host unknown but possibly bruchids as the species is similar to H. missouriensis View in CoL )

- Antennal scrobes join below frontal suture (as in e.g. Fig. 25 View FIGURES 25–29 ) (in some specimens, especially males, scrobes join on frontal suture).............................................................................................. 8

8 Gaster with 1 st tergite with medioposterior part with reticulation....................... H. productus (Ashmead) View in CoL (♀, ♂) ( USA (New Mexico), from Bruchus amicus Horn )

- Gaster with 1 st tergite with medioposterior part with punctures (in some specimens almost smooth)..................... 9

9 Head and mesosoma black with metallic tinges..................................... H. bruchophagus Burks View in CoL (♀, ♂) ( USA (Texas), from Mimosestes sallaei (Sharp))

- Head and mesosoma bright metallic bluish-green to golden-green.............................................. 10

10 Female flagellum short ( Figs 50, 54 View FIGURES 48–55 , 62, 66 View FIGURES 60–67 ), e.g. 1 st flagellomere 1.8-2.1× as long as wide; male scape inflated ( Figs 51, 55 View FIGURES 48–55 ), 2.8× as long as wide.................................................................................. 11

- Female flagellum long ( Figs 18, 24 View FIGURES 17–24 , 46 View FIGURES 43–47 ), e.g. 1 st flagellomere 2.8-3.5× as long as wide; male scape narrow ( Figs 19 View FIGURES 17–24 , 47 View FIGURES 43–47 ), 4.1– 4.5× as long as wide (male unknown in H. multistriatus )...................................................... 12

11 Head stout ( Fig. 64 View FIGURES 60–67 ), in dorsal view 2.0× as wide as long; flagellum short ( Figs 54, 55 View FIGURES 48–55 , 66 View FIGURES 60–67 ), 1.6× as long as scape in female, 1.7× in male; male scape predominantly dark with at most basal ¼ pale ( Fig. 55 View FIGURES 48–55 )................ H. stator sp. nov. (♀, ♂) ( USA (Arizona), from Stator View in CoL spp.)

- Head less stout ( Fig. 60 View FIGURES 60–67 ), in dorsal view 2.3× as wide as long; flagellum long ( Figs 50, 51 View FIGURES 48–55 , 62 View FIGURES 60–67 ), 1.9× as long as scape in female, 2.3× in male; male scape with apical ¼ dark and basal ½ pale ( Fig. 51 View FIGURES 48–55 ).............. H. missouriensis (Ashmead) View in CoL (♀, ♂) (with large distribution, recorded from the USA (New York) southwards to Argentina ( Hansson 2009), many hosts - see Hansson (2009)).

12 Propodeum with anterolateral foveae predominantly smooth ( Fig. 39 View FIGURES 34–42 ); gaster with 1 st tergite with medioposterior part with elongate punctures ( Fig. 42 View FIGURES 34–42 )......................... H. multistriatus sp. nov. (♀) ( Mexico, from Acanthoscelides View in CoL sp.)

- Propodeum with anterolateral foveae predominantly reticulate ( Figs 37, 38 View FIGURES 34–42 ); gaster with 1 st tergite with medioposterior part with round punctures ( Figs 40, 41 View FIGURES 34–42 )....................................................................... 13

13 Propodeum with anterolateral foveae with lateral margin rounded ( Fig. 37 View FIGURES 34–42 ); female 1 st flagellomere longer (3.1× as long as wide) ( Fig. 34 View FIGURES 34–42 ); male thoracic dorsum and vertex metallic bluish-green ( Fig. 45 View FIGURES 43–47 )...... H. butcheri Hansson & Aebi View in CoL (♀, ♂) ( Mexico, USA (New Mexico), from Acanthoscelides View in CoL sp. and Bruchus amicus )

- Propodeum with anterolateral foveae with lateral margin straight ( Fig. 38 View FIGURES 34–42 ); female 1 st flagellomere shorter (2.2× as long as wide) ( Fig. 35 View FIGURES 34–42 ); male thoracic dorsum and vertex golden-red ( Fig. 21 View FIGURES 17–24 )........................ H. dennoi sp. nov. (♀, ♂) ( Mexico, from Acanthoscelides View in CoL sp.)