Echinoderes juliae Sørensen et al., 2018

Grzelak, Katarzyna & Sørensen, Martin V., 2022, Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from the Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand, European Journal of Taxonomy 844, pp. 1-108 : 96-98

Echinoderes juliae Sørensen et al., 2018

Figs 38–39 ; Table 28

Material examined

NEW ZEALAND • 1 ♀, 1 ♂; Hikurangi Slope , stn TAN1004/4; 41.6837° S, 175.6642° E; 1046 m b.s.l.; Apr. 2010; NIWA TAN1004 Voyage; soft sediment; 1 ♀ NHMD-921717 , 1 ♂ NHMD-921715 . Mounted for LM in Fluoromount G on glass slides • 1 ♀, 1 ♂; Hikurangi Slope , stn TAN1004/17; 41.6288° S, 175.8682° E; 1514 m b.s.l.; Apr. 2010; NIWA TAN1004 Voyage; soft sediment; 1 ♀ NHMD-921723 , 1 ♂ NHMD-921724 . Mounted for LM in Fluoromount G on glass slides • 1 ♂; Hikurangi Slope , stn TAN1004/38; 41.5937° S, 175.8532° E; 1121 m b.s.l.; Apr. 2010; NIWA TAN1004 Voyage; soft sediment; NHMD-921729 . Mounted for LM in Fluoromount G on HS slide • 1 ♀; Hikurangi Slope , stn TAN1004/44; 41.5258°S, 175.8003°E; 728m b.s.l.; Apr.2010; NIWA TAN1004Voyage; soft sediment; personal reference collection of MVS. Mounted for SEM • 1 ♀; Hikurangi Slope , stn TAN1004/76; 41.6833° S, 175.6500° E; 1282 m b.s.l.; Apr. 2010; NIWA TAN1004 Voyage; soft sediment; personal reference collection of MVS. Mounted for SEM • 2 ♀♀, 2 ♂♂; Pahaua Canyon , stn TAN1004/12; 41.5508° S, 175.7250° E; 1350 m b.s.l.; Apr. 2010; NIWA TAN1004 Voyage; soft sediment; 2 ♀♀ NHMD-921718-921729 , 2 ♂♂ NHMD-921720-921721 . Mounted for LM in Fluoromount G on glass slide • 1 ♀; Pahaua Canyon , stn TAN1004/22; 41.5100° S, 175.7187° E; 1188 m b.s.l.; Apr. 2010; NIWA TAN1004 Voyage; soft sediment; NHMD-921728 . Mounted for LM in Fluoromount G on HS slide • 1 ♂; Pahaua Canyon , stn TAN1004/27; 41.4983° S, 175.7043° E; 1013 m b.s.l.; Apr. 2010; NIWA TAN1004 Voyage; soft sediment; personal reference collection of MVS. Mounted for SEM • 1 ♂; Pahaua Canyon , stn TAN1004/31; 41.4962° S, 175.6828° E; 730 m b.s.l.; Apr. 2010; NIWA TAN1004 Voyage; soft sediment; NHMD-921725 . Mounted for LM in Fluoromount G on glass slide • 2 ♀♀; Honeycomb Canyon , stn TAN1004/58; 41.4080° S, 175.8977° E; 670 m b.s.l.; Apr. 2010; NIWA TAN1004 Voyage; soft sediment; NHMD-921726 to 921727. Mounted for LM in Fluoromount G on glass slides • 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; personal reference collection of MVS. Mounted for SEM • 1 ♀; Honeycomb Canyon , stn TAN1004/62; 41.4760° S, 175.9477° E; 1171 m b.s.l.; Apr. 2010; NIWA TAN1004 Voyage; soft sediment; personal reference collection of MVS. Mounted for SEM • 2 ♀♀; Seamount 766, stn TAN1004/132; 42.1345° S, 174.5850° E; 1453 m b.s.l.; Apr. 2010; NIWA TAN1004 Voyage; soft sediment; NHMD-921730 , NHMD-921732. Mounted for LM in Fluoromount G on HS slides .

Distribution

Hikurangi slope, seamount, Honeycomb Canyon, Pahaua Canyon, 670–1514 m b.s.l. See Fig. 1 for a geographic overview of stations and Table 1 for station and specimen information.

Brief description and remarks

Echinoderes with middorsal spines on segments 4 to 8 and spines in lateroventral positions on segments 6 to 9. Tubes present in lateroventral position on segment 5 only. Glandular cell outlets type 2 present in subdorsal, laterodorsal, sublateral and ventrolateral positions on segment 2, in sublateral positions on segments 3 and 8, and in midlateral positions on segments 4 and 5 ( Figs 38–39 ). Tergal extensions long, with flexible tips ( Figs 38D , 39G ).

Echinoderes juliae is one of the deep-sea species originally found on the abyssal plain off Oregon and along the continental rise off California, in the Northeast Pacific at depths of 2702 to 3679 m ( Sørensen et al. 2018). Recently, its presence was also recorded on the abyssal plain, east of the Atacama Trench in the southeast Pacific at a depth of 2560 m ( Grzelak et al. 2021).

Despite a significant geographic distance, the Hikurangi Margin individuals examined for the present study follow the morphology and morphometrics of E. juliae from the northeast Pacific type locality closely. Differences were only detected for the glandular cell outlets type 2 on segment 4, which are displaced from sublateral to midlateral positions in the New Zealand specimens ( Figs 38B , 39C–D ), and the length of the lateral terminal accessory spines, which are twice as long in individuals from the US west coast (see Table 28). Nevertheless, the distribution and arrangement of the other cuticular structures were in line with the original description, and thus we feel confident that the recorded specimens are E. juliae .

Figures

Fig. 38. Light micrographs showing overview and details of Echinoderes juliae Sørensen et al., 2018. A, C. ♀ (NHMD- 921719). B, D. ♂ (NHMD- 921729). E. ♂ (NHMD- 921721). A. Dorsal overview. B. Segments 1 to 5, dorsal view. C. Segments 1 to 6, ventral view. D. Segments 9 to 11, dorsal view. E. Segments 8 to 11, lateroventral view. Abbreviations: see Material and methods.

Fig. 39. Scanning electron micrographs showing overviews and details of Echinoderes juliae Sørensen et al., 2018. A. Lateral overview. B. Segments 1 to 4, laterodorsal view. C. Segments 1 to 4, lateral view. D. Segments 4 to 6, lateral view. E. Segments 7 to 8, lateral view. F. Segments 10 to 11 of female, dorsal view. G. Segments 10 to 11 of male, ventral view. Abbreviations: see Material and methods.

Fig. 1. Map showing the sampling stations. Colour codes indicate slopes (red), canyons (green), and seamounts (yellow). Inset shows New Zealand with a frame marking the sampling area.