Oxysoma itambezinho, RAMÍREZ, 2003

RAMÍREZ, MARTÍN J., 2003, The Spider Subfamily Amaurobioidinae (Araneae, Anyphaenidae): A Phylogenetic Revision At The Generic Level, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2003 (277), pp. 1-262 : 225-236

Oxysoma itambezinho , new species Figure 118E–I

TYPE: Male holotype from Brazil, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Cambará do Sul, Itambezinho, ca. 29°02̍S, 50°09̍W, 27.IX.1991, A. Petersen, in MCTP 1653.

ETYMOLOGY: The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.

DIAGNOSIS: Resembles other Oxysoma , Tasata , and Monapia in having a pale, elongate body with pattern of small dark dots, but can be distinguished by the combination of a strong spine on anterior face of chelicerae and by a conspicuous basal notch on the retrolateral margin of cymbium.

FEMALE: Unknown.

MALE (holotype): Total length 8.65. Carapace length 3.40, width 2.13. Legs very long, thin, length of tibia/metatarsus: I 7.45/ 6.65; II 5.45/4.79; III 3.33/2.77; IV 5.05/ 5.19. Chelicerae small, with one anterior spine close to base, two teeth on retromargin. Sternum length 1.67, width 1.10. Spines: leg I, femur d 1–1–1, p 0­ d1­ 1­ d1, r 0­ d1­ d1; tibia v 2–2–2 (basals advanced), p 0­ v1­ 1­ 0, d r1–1; metatarsus v 2bas, p and r 0–1–1, d 0–2–2 (retrolateral advanced). II = I. III, femur d 1–1–1, p 0­ d1­ 1­ d1, r d1ap; patella 0; tibia v p1–2–2, p d1–1, r 0–1, d r1–1; metatarsus v 2–0­ p1 and an apical group of hairs, p and r 0–1–1, d 0­ p1–2. IV, femur d 1–1– 1, p d1ap, r 0­ d1­ d1; patella 0; tibia v 2–2– 2, p and r d1–1, d r1–1; metatarsus v 2–2­ p1 and an apical group of hairs, p and r d1– 1–1, d 0­ p1–2. Legs I and II with many long hairs, curved backward, on metatarsi, tibiae. Abdomen length 5.32, width 1.73, spiracle– epigastrium 3.72, spiracle–spinnerets 1.86. Color (fig. 118I): Yellow with grayish dorsal pattern. Legs pale grayish with dark dots and few small black spots. Sternum pale. Venter pale with small dark spots, line of small spots at each side, from epigastrium to tracheal spiracle, median stripe from tracheal spiracle to spinnerets. Epigastrium and adjacent posterior area violet. Palp (fig. 118E–H): tibia long, width/length 0.39. Cymbium narrow, retrolateral margin with evident basal notch. Embolus not associated with canal on secondary conductor, basal process thick, with small membranous area. Base of median apophysis thick. Base of paramedian apophysis with protuberance followed by oblique, rugose ridge, forming hollow under tegulum; tip elongate, recurved, distally sinuous. Primary conductor thick, low, transverse. Secondary conductor divided by membranous area prolateral of wide canal (fig. 118H); prolateral portion large, rounded, directed backward; retrolateral portion with apical, flat projection, bearing small peak where canal ends; area around median apophysis less sclerotized, granulate. Heavily sclerotized black area at base of canal, may be part of sperm duct.

NATURAL HISTORY: Unknown.

DISTRIBUTION: Only known from the type locality.

OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED: None.

Oxysoma saccatum (Tullgren) , new combination Figures 122–124

Gayenna saccata Tullgren, 1902: 62 (female lectotype, male, female and two immature paralectotypes here designated, from Chile, Río Aisén Valley, I.1897, P. Dusén coll., in NRS, examined). Ramírez, 1995a: 366.

NOTE: Gayenna sigillum Mello­Leitão (1941a: 194 ; holotype immature male from Argentina, Jujuy province, León, III.1939, M. Birabén, in MLP 15025, examined) is probably a junior synonym, and the type locality is probably incorrect. Similar mislabeling occurred with the type of Opsaltella tigrina , described in the same work ( Ramírez, 1996). A decision on the placement of G. sigillum is postponed until more thorough knowledge of the genera Oxysoma and Tasata is obtained.

DIAGNOSIS: Distinguished by the semicircular margins at the sides of the epigynal anterior pouch (fig. 124G), and by the elongate paramedian apophysis, forming an angle at its base (fig. 124B).

FEMALE (lectotype, measurements of specimen from Chiloe´, 15 km S Chepu): Total length 2.07. Carapace length 3.99, width 3.07, wider on legs II–III. Length of tibia/ metatarsus: I, 4.66/3.72; II, 3.86/3.17; III, 2.90/2.57; IV, 3.40/3.40. Palpal tarsus length 1.77. Chelicerae with two teeth on retromargin. Sternum length 2.03, width 1.50. Spines: leg I, femur d 1–1–1, p 0­ d1­ 1­ d1, r 0­ d1­ d1 or d1ap; tibia v 2–2–2, p and r d1–1, d r1­ 0­ 1­ 0; metatarsus v 2bas, p and r d1–0, d 0­ p1–2. II, femur d 1–1–1, p and r 0­ d1­ d1; tibia and metatarsus = I. III, femur = II or r d1ap; patella r d1; tibia = I; metatarsus v 2–0–2 and an apical group of hairs, p and r 0­ d1–1, d 0­ p1–2. IV, femur d 1–1–1, p and r d1ap; patella r d1; tibia = I; metatarsus v 2–2–2, p 0­ d1–1, r d1–1–1, d 0­ p1–2. Abdomen length 5.32, width 3.06, spiracle–epigastrium 3.13, spiracle–spinnerets 0.83. Col­ or (cf. fig. 122B): carapace pale grayish with brown spots. Legs pale grayish with brownish violet dots, plus spots on femora and patellae. Sternum pale. Dorsum of abdomen yellow with some guanine reticulum, dark dots, densely grouped on posterior sides, venter yellow with white guanine reticulum. Epigyne (figs. 123A, B, 124G, H): anterior pouch elongate, with deep cavity, apparently on independent plate, limited by furrows from rest of median field. Lateral lobes separate, median field widened posteriorly. Copulatory ducts long, sinuous, with ample posterior loop.

MALE (paralectotype, measurements of specimen from Chiloe´, 25 km N Cucao): Total length 7.32. Carapace length 3.33, width 2.73. Length of tibia/metatarsus: I, 4.52/3.72; II, 3.99/3.13; III, 2.60/2.30; IV, 3.00/3.03. Chelicerae slightly smaller than those of female. Sternum length 1.60, width 1.27. Spines as in female, except: leg II, femur = I. IV, femur p 0­ d1­ d1; metatarsus v 2­ p1– 2. Abdomen length 3.99, width 2.53, spiracle–epigastrium 1.73, spiracle–spinnerets 0.67. Color: pale grayish with brownish violet spots, dots. Carapace with median band not reaching posterior margin, two lateral sinuous stripes. Femora with small spots, paler ventrally, other articles dark, with some pale longitudinal stripes. Sternum with dark spot in front of coxae I–III. Dorsum of abdomen densely dotted, darker on anterior margin of cardiac area, paler on median stripe, venter pale, with three lines of small spots anterior of tracheal spiracle. Palp (fig. 124A–F): tibia short, width/length 0.79, cymbium relatively large. Sperm duct with loop approximating anterior ventral margin of tegulum. Embolus long, thin, not associated with canal on secondary conductor, basal process thick, membranous area ample. Median apophysis long, thin. Paramedian apophysis elongate, forming basal angle. Primary conductor heavily sclerotized, conic. Secondary conductor divided by membranous area prolateral to wide canal; retrolateral portion weakly sclerotized, rounded, globose, striate, with denticles. Conspicuous, apical, flattened prong arising from apical curve of sperm duct (fig. 124E) seems to be part of secondary conductor. Heavily sclerotized black area at base of canal may be part of sperm duct.

VARIABILITY: Color pattern extremely variable. Some frequently repeated dorsal abdominal patterns are a white central patch (fig. 122A), a median dark band (fig. 122B), two posterior white spots, or anterior recurved white arch. Spines: metatarsi III, IV, v 2­ p1–2.

NATURAL HISTORY: This species builds retreats on foliage.

DISTRIBUTION: Southern forests in Argentina and Chile, from Neuquén to Chubut, and from Malleco to Tierra del Fuego. One isolated record from Cuesta El Melón (Valparaíso).

OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED: ARGENTINA: Neuquén: Nahuel Huapi Natl. Park : Río Frías superior, I.1990, M. Ramírez, 4♀ 1♀ penultimate ( MACN­Ar) ; Puerto Blest , II.1986, M. Ramírez, 2♀ ( MACN­Ar) ; 770 m, 4.XII.1978, 1♀, 23.XII.1978, 13, Misión Científica Danesa ( ZMK) ; 25–27.X.1981, Nielsen and Karsholt, 13 ( ZMK) ; Laguna Los Cántaros , 30.I.1985, M. Ramírez, 13♀ 3 immatures ( MACN­Ar) ; Puerto Blest, trail to Lago Ortiz Basualdo, I.1990, M. Ramírez, 7♀ 4 immatures ( MACN­Ar). Río Negro : Laguna Frías, 760 m, 16.XI.1966, M.E. Iriwn and E.I. Schlinger, 1♀ ( CAS). Chubut: Los Alerces Natl. Park: Río Frías , II.1986, 1♀ ( MACN­Ar). Tierra del Fuego: Isla de los Estados, XII.1967, A. Bachmann, 13 ( MACN­Ar). CHILE: Región V (Valparaíso): Quillota: Cuesta El Melón, nr. La Calera, 15.XI.1985, L. Peña, 1♀ ( AMNH). Región IX (Araucanía): Malleco: Malalcahuello, 9–15.XII.1985, L. Peña, 5 3 ( AMNH) ; Monumento Natural Contulmo , 11.XII.1984 – 13.II.1985, S. and J. Peck, 23 ( AMNH), 13.II.1992, M. Ramírez, N. Platnick, P. Goloboff , 1♀ ( AMNH), 19 – 21.XII.1998, M. Ramírez, L. Compagnucci, C. Grismado, L. Lopardo, 1♀ ( MACN­Ar) ; 340 m, 38°01̍S, 73°11̍W, 18.XI.1993, N. Platnick, K. Catley, M. Ramírez, T. Allen , 23 ( AMNH). Cautín: Monte Verde, Cavahue , 31.I.1993, L. Peña, 13 2♀ ( AMNH) ; Volcán Villarrica Natl. Park , elev. 1025 m, 39°22̍S, 71°58̍W, 20.XI.1993, N. Platnick, K. Catley, M. Ramírez, T. Allen , 1♀ ( AMNH) ; Fundo La Selva, W Temuco, NW Nueva Imperial , 700 m, 9–12.XII.1981, L.E. Peña, 1♀ ( AMNH) ; NE Villarrica, 16– 31.XII.1964, L. Peña, 1♀ ( MCZ) ; 30 km NE Villarrica, 1–30.I.1965, L. Peña, 13 ( MCZ). Región X (Los Lagos): Valdivia: Las Lajas, W La Unión, 9–13.I.1990, 1♀, 13– 15.I.1991, 13 1♀, Peulla, I.1990, M. Ramírez, 2♀ ( MACN­Ar). Osorno : Entre Lagos to Puerto Octay, 20.I.1969, L. Peña, 13 ( MCZ) ; Maicolpue´, 64 km W Osorno , 19.II.1992, M. Ramírez, N. Platnick, P. Goloboff , 1♀ ( AMNH) ; Puyehue Natl. Park : Aguas Calientes , 425 m, valdivian forest, 31.I.1985, N. Platnick and O. Francke, 13 ( AMNH), 13–17.XII.1998, M. Ramírez, L. Compagnucci, C. Grismado, L. Lopardo, 43 3♀ 3♀ penultimates ( MACN­Ar), 33 3♀ ( MHNS) ; 480 m, 40°44̍S, 72°18̍W, 21.XI.1993, N. Platnick, K. Catley, M. Ramírez, T. Allen , 53 2♀, 23 and 2♀ penultimates ( AMNH, female photo MJR 1419), 5♀ 23, 23 and 3♀ penultimates, reared in captivity ( MACN­Ar), 43 ( MHNS) ; 450 m, 11.XII.1981, Nielsen and Karsholt, 23 ( ZMK) ; 600 m, 12–20.XII.1981, L. Peña, 1♀ ( AMNH) ; 40°44̍0̎S, 72°18̍45̎W, 450 m, 12.XII.2000 – 2.I.2001, forest, J. Miller, I. Agnarsson, Alvarez, J. Coddington, G. Hormiga, 13 1♀, 1♀ ( USNM) ; Anticura , 1– 11.I.1986, L. Peña, 2♀ ( AMNH) ; 470–720 m, valdivian rainforest, screen­sweeping at dusk, 18–24.XII.1982, A. Newton and M. Thayer, 13 1♀ ( AMNH) ; Los Derrumbes road, Aguas Calientes, 480 m, 40°44̍S, 72°18̍W, N. Platnick, K. Catley, M. Ramírez, T. Allen , 13 1♀ ( AMNH) ; 10 km E Puyehue , 24.I.1951, Ross and Michelbacher, 1♀ ( CAS) ; Termas de Puyehue , 600–1500 ft, moss on live trees in mature forest, 24– 25.XI.1981, R. Schuh and N. Platnick , 13 ( AMNH) ; Pucatrihue , II.1967, L. Peña, 1♀ ( MCZ) ; Puyehue, 500 m, 26.I.1969, L. Peña, 13 2♀ ( MCZ). Llanquihue: Alerce Andino Natl. Park , elev. 100 m, 41°35̍S, 72°41̍S, 23.XI.1993, N. Platnick, K. Catley, M. Ramírez, T. Allen , 13 ( AMNH), 1♀ (MACNAr), 1♀ ( MHNS) ; Caleta La Arena , 30.I.1991, M. Ramírez, 2♀ ( MACN­Ar, photo MJR 434) ; Chamisa , 13.XII.1968, L. Peña, 13 ( MCZ) ; Correntoso , XII.1968, L. Peña, 3♀ ( MCZ) ; Cerro Hornohuinco, Correntoso , XII.1968, L. Peña, 1♀ ( MCZ) ; Petrohué Norte, 13.V.1971, R. Calderón, 1♀ ( UC). Chiloe´: Arroyo Cole Cole , 25 km N Cucao, 8–11.II.1991, M. Ramírez, 1 3 ( MACN­Ar) ; 15 km S Chepu, 3.II.1991, M. Ramírez, 93 1♀ ( MACN­Ar, photo MJR 453). Palena: Chaitén, XII.1985, L. Peña, 13 ( AMNH). Región XI (Ibáñez del Campo): Aisén: Río Simpson Natl. Park , N margin, 17.II.1991, M. Ramírez, 2♀ (MACNAr). Región XII (Magallanes y Antártica): Magallanes: Otway, El Canelo, 18.III.69, L. Peña, 1♀ ( MCZ) .

TABLE 27 Synapomorphies of Tasata and Internal Clades

TASATA SIMON

Table 27

Tasata Simon, 1903c: 29 (type species by monotypy Tasata parcepunctata Simon, 1903 ),

1903a: 1032. Ramírez, 1995a: 88.

DIAGNOSIS: Resembles Oxysoma and some Monapia in having a pale body with pattern of small dark dots, but can be distinguished by having a distended epigynal anterior pouch (figs. 127C, 129G, H). Most species have a characteristically shaped primary conductor, like a thin tongue (fig. 126B).

DESCRIPTION: Color pale with small dark dots, usually also larger black dot at anterior margin of cardiac area. Body flattened. Carapace narrowed in front, anterior median eyes much smaller than laterals; several species with posterior eye row strongly procurved. Chelicerae with variable teeth, three or four on promargin, two, three, or series of denticles on retromargin. Tracheal spiracle closer to spinnerets than to epigastrium. Male palpal tibia 1.5 or more times longer than wide. Sperm duct with curve approaching anterior ventral margin of tegulum, then running through margin, describing curve (fig. 129E) before entering base of embolus (except T. chiloensis ); in some species the duct describes a spiral before entering embolus (fig. 128D). Embolus commonly very thin, not associated with canal on secondary conductor, without basal process. Paramedian apophysis usually elongate, directed apically, some species with bifid tip. Primary conductor usually wide, flattened, rounded, translucent. Secondary conductor not fused to anterior margin of tegulum; prolateral portion with rounded lobe, flattened, directed backward, with canal ending in sharp, curved tip. Epigyne with lateral lobes separate, median field with anterior pouch ample or well distended. Copulatory ducts arched, encircling spermathecae.

DISTRIBUTION: South America.

COMPOSITION: In addition to the species detailed below: Tasata tigris Mello­Leitão, 1941b (male holotype in MNRJ 58269, examined; published as female in the original description, a paragraph referring to the proportion of palp segments [ Mello­Leitão, 1941b: 257] supports the identification of this male as the holotype), Gayenna fuscotaeniata Keyserling, 1891 (two females and two immatures probably syntypes, in BMNH 702.3.909.1, examined, new combination), Gayenna reticulata Mello­Leitão, 1943 (female and female penultimate syntypes in MNRJ 41662, examined, new combination), Gayenna taperae Mello­Leitão, 1929 (male lectotype and immature paralectotype here designated, in MNRJ, examined, new combination), Gayenna tripunctata Mello­Leitão, 1941 (female holotype in MNRJ 38170, examined, new combination), Oxysoma novum Mello­Leitão, 1922 (female holotype in MNRJ 1114, examined, new combination), Oxysoma lineatum Tullgren, 1905 (female holotype in NRS, examined, new combination), Anyphaena punctata Keyserling, 1891 (female holotype in BMNH 1890.7.1.623, examined, new combination), Oxysoma quinquenotatum Simon, 1897 (three females and three immatures syntypes, in MHNP 8160, examined, new combination), Tomopisthes frenatus Mello­Leitão, 1947 (presumably in Museu de História Natural Capão da Imbuia, Curitiba, not available, tentatively transferred because the body pattern [ Mello­Leitão, 1947: fig. 40] is similar to that found in some Brazilian Tasata , new combination), and several undescribed species.

EXCLUDED SPECIES: Tasata albofasciata Mello­Leitão, 1943 (female holotype in MNRJ 670, examined), belongs to Tupirinna in Corinnidae , new combination.

Tasata parcepunctata Simon

Figures 61G , 125B , 126–127 , 135A

Tasata parcepunctata Simon, 1903c: 29 (female type from Argentina, no specific locality, should be in MHNP, not found). Mello­Leitão, 1933: 56 (Pasata, lapsus).

Tasata parcipunctata : Bonnet, 1959: 4262.

NOTE: Because the type is presumably lost, it is difficult to identify the species described by Simon. He reported a body length of 8 mm, and three retromarginal cheliceral teeth, a combination that I have not seen in any specimen in collections. I provisionally identified the species according to the cheliceral teeth. However, the total length of 8 mm reported by Simon seems too large for this species and approximates more the size of T. variolosa . An exhaustive revision of the genus may require designation of a neotype.

DIAGNOSIS: Very similar to Tasata variolosa in having a dotted dorsal pattern, but can be distinguished by having only three teeth on the cheliceral retromargin.

FEMALE (Martín García, MACN­Ar 9798): Total length 6.65. Carapace length 2.43, width 2.00, wider on legs II–III. Length of tibia/metatarsus: I, 2.27/1.87; II, 1.93/1.63; III, 1.17/1.32; IV, 1.73/2.03. Palpal tarsus length 0.87. Chelicerae with four teeth on promargin and three on retromargin, apical one largest. Sternum length 1.37, width 1.05. Spines: leg I, femur d 1–1–1, p 0­ d1­ 1­ d1, r 0­ d1­ d1; tibia v 2–2–2, p and r 1–1; metatarsus v 2bas, p and r 1–0, d 0­ p1–2. II = I. III, femur d 1–1–1, p and r 0­ d1­ d1; patella 0 or rd1; tibia v p1–2–2 or 2–2–2, p and r 1–1, d r1­ 0­ 1­ 0 bristles; metatarsus v 2–0–2 and an apical group of hairs, p d1–1–1 or p 0–1–1, r d1–1–1, d p1–2. IV, femur d 1–1– 1, p 0­ d1­ d1, r d1ap; patella r d1; tibia v p1– 2–2, p and r d1–1, d r1­ 0­ 1­ 0 bristles; metatarsus v 2­ p1–2 and an apical group of hairs, p and r d1–1–1, d 0­ p1–2. Abdomen length 4.39, width 3.06, spiracle–epigastrium 1.90, spiracle–spinnerets 0.77. Color: grayish yellow with small dots dark gray, small violet spots. Sternum pale. Abdomen with dark anterior dot. Venter with three lines of small spots from epigastric furrow to tracheal spiracle. Epigyne (figs. 127C, 135A): lateral lobes separate, median field slightly elevated; anterior pouch wide, with cavity extending at sides. Copulatory ducts visible through cuticle, similar to those of T. variolosa .

MALE (Martín García, MACN­Ar 9798): Total length 5.72. Carapace length 2.73, width 2.17. Length of tibia/metatarsus: I, 3.33/3.20; II, 3.00/2.30; III, 1.73/1.67; IV, 1.90/1.47. Chelicerae slightly larger than those of female, fang long, thick, promarginal teeth distanced, retromarginals grouped. Sternum length 1.40, width 1.03. Spines as in female, except: leg III, patella r d1; tibia v p1–2–2, d r1­ 0­ 1­ 0 spines. IV, tibia = III. Legs I and II with long hairs, curved backward, on metatarsi, tibiae. Abdomen length 3.06, width 2.00, spiracle–epigastrium 1.33, spiracle–spinnerets 0.50. Color: similar to female, but darker, reddish. Venter pale, epigastrium with violet spots bordering pulmonary plates. Palp (figs. 61G, 126, 127A, B): tibia width/length 0.68. Sperm duct with loop approximating anterior ventral margin of tegulum, pronounced spiral before reaching embolus. Embolus very thin, without basal process, membranous area extensive. Paramedian apophysis thick, elongate, with two cusps at tip, retrolateral cusp larger. Primary conductor wide, flattened, rounded. Secondary conductor small, ventral side weakly sclerotized, anterior prolateral border becoming membranous, covered by denticles (fig. 126D); retrolateral portion weakly sclerotized, rounded, continued basally in membranous area.

VARIABILITY: Spines: metatarsus III, v 2– 0–2, rarely 2­ p1–2, p and r 0–1–1, rarely d1– 1–1.

NATURAL HISTORY: This species builds retreats on foliage, most frequently on ‘‘tala’’ trees ( Celtis tala ).

DISTRIBUTION: Argentina, in Entre Ríos and Buenos Aires provinces, and Uruguay. Sympatric with Tasata variolosa .

OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED: URUGUAY: Departamento Maldonado: Cerro de Las Animas, 8.VI.1961, N.L.H. Krauss, 1♀ ( AMNH). ARGENTINA: Entre Ríos: Arroyo Manantiales and Ruta 11 (km 103), 23.X.1982, P. Goloboff and M. Ramírez, 1♀ ( MACN­Ar) ; Concordia , 3–6.III.1964, M.E. Galiano, 2 immatures ( MACN­Ar) ; Gualeguay , 20.VIII.1989, M. Ramírez, 2♀ ( MACN­Ar, photos MJR 228, 229, 309) ; El Palmar Natl. Park, 14.VII.1985, M. Ramírez, 1♀ ( MACN­Ar) ; 27.III.1986, M. Ramírez, 13 ( MACN­Ar) ; XI.1988, M.E. Galiano, 1♀ penultimate ( MACN­Ar) ; Río Gualeguaychú and Ruta Nac. 14, 14.VII.1985, M. Ramírez, 1♀ ( MACN­Ar). Buenos Aires: Alsina , FCGM, 20.IV.1983, P. Goloboff, M. Ramírez, 1♀ ( MACN­Ar) ; Atucha , 9.VI.1985, P. Goloboff, M. Ramírez, 2♀ ( MACN­Ar) ; 27.VII.1985, P. Goloboff, M. Ramírez, 2♀ ( MACN­Ar) ; 8.IX.1989, M. Ramírez, 1♀ ( MACN­Ar), 15.IX.1990, M. Ramírez, 1♀ ( MACN­Ar) ; Ciudad de Buenos Aires, IV.1940, F. Monrós, 1♀ ( MACN­Ar) ; Delta, Río Carapachay , VII.1941, F. Monrós, 1♀ ( MACN­Ar) ; Delta, Río Sarmiento, Las Rosas , 25.III.1950, A. Bachmann, 1 immature ( MACN­Ar) ; Glew, 1972, Carpintero, 1♀ ( MACN­Ar) ; Hudson , 11.IV.1984, M. Ramírez, 1♀ 23 ( MACN­Ar), 1.V.1984, M. Ramírez, 4♀ ( MACN­Ar) ; Isla Martín García , IX.1938, J.M. Viana, 13 ( MACN­Ar 414 ) ; 25.V.1990, M. Ramírez, 3 3 4♀ ( MACN­Ar), 13 1♀ ( MACN­Ar 9798 ) ; La Armonía, Cobo , 10.VI.1965, J.M. Gallardo, E. Maury, 23 1♀ ( MACN­Ar) ; Laguna de los Padres , talar, 29.V.1989, J. Farina, 13 ( MMLS) ; 25 km S Magdalena , 13– 14.VIII.1983, P. Goloboff and M. Ramírez, 1♀ ( MACN­Ar) ; Otamendi , 5.IX.1980, A. Zanetic, P. Goloboff, 1♀ ( MACN­Ar) ; Reserva Otamendi , 10.VI.1997, M. Ramírez, L. Compagnucci, C. Grismado, F. Uehara, 1♀ ( MACN­Ar) ; Tandil, IV.1985 , C. Scioscia, 2♀ ( MACN­Ar) .

Tasata variolosa Mello­Leitão Figures 125A , 128

Tasata variolosa Mello­Leitão, 1943c: 239 (five females syntypes from Brazil, state of Rio Grande do Sul, B. Rambo coll., in MNRJ 42236, examined).

Tasata parcepunctata : Ramírez, 1995a: 366 (misidentification).

DIAGNOSIS: Very similar to T. parcepunctata in having a dotted dorsal pattern, but can be distinguished by having five to seven small teeth on the cheliceral retromargin and by the sclerotized area anterior of the epigyne (fig. 128F).

FEMALE (syntype): Total length 10.30. Carapace length 3.60, width 2.90. Chelicerae (fig. 128E) with six small teeth on retromargin (right retromargin abnormal, with two additional denticles behind the other six). Sternum length 1.90, width 1.40. Length of tibia/metatarsus: I, 4.66/3.72; II, 3.99/3.19; III, 2.53/2.33; IV, 3.17/3.23. Spines: leg I, femur d 1–1–1, p 0­ d1­ d1, r d1ap; tibia v 2– 2–2, p and r 1–1; metatarsus v 2bas, p and r 1–0, d p1–0–2. II = I. III, femur d 1–1–1, p and r 0­ d1­ d1; patella 0; tibia v p1–2–2, p and r 1–1, d r1­ 0­ 1­ 0; metatarsus v 2–2–2, p and r 1–1, d p1–2. IV, femur d 1–1–1, p and r d1ap; patella r d1; tibia = III; metatarsus v 2–2–2, p and r d1–1–1, d 0­ p1–2. Abdomen length 6.65, width 4.80. Spiracle–epigastrium 2.87, spiracle–spinnerets 1.53. Color (fig. 125A): yellow, with dark small dots, small reddish brown spots. Chelicerae with longitudinal anterior dark line. Abdomen paler (ovigerous), with anterior dark dot. Venter pale. Epigyne (fig. 128F, G) on sclerotized area with rectangular anterior border, anterior pouch wide, almost without cavity, median field slightly elevated behind and at sides of anterior pouch.

MALE (Punta Lara, MACN­Ar 9803): Total length 7.32. Carapace length 3.30, width 2.63. Length of tibia/metatarsus: I, 5.19/4.20; II, 4.26/3.27; III, 2.60/2.37; IV, 3.30/3.36. Chelicerae slightly larger than those of female, with five teeth on retromargin. Sternum length 1.67, width 1.30. Spines as in female, except: leg I, femur p 0­ d1­ 1­ d1, r 0­ d1­ d1; tibia d r1bas. II = I. III, metatarsus v 2–0–2, apicals shorter. IV, metatarsus p 0– 1–1. Abdomen length 4.00, width 2.00, spiracle–epigastrium 1.53, spiracle–spinnerets 0.73. Color as in female, but slightly darker. Palp (fig. 128A–D): tibia length/width 0.54. Copulatory bulb similar to that of T. parcepunctata . Paramedian apophysis with curved tip. Sperm duct with pronounced spiral before reaching embolus. Primary conductor concave, rounded. Secondary conductor large, anterior border slightly elevated, ventral side weakly sclerotized (fig. 128C).

VARIABILITY: Five or six teeth on cheliceral retromargin (rarely seven). Spines: metatarsus III, v 2–0–2 (rarely 2–2–2), IV, p 0– 1–1.

NATURAL HISTORY: This species builds retreats on foliage.

DISTRIBUTION: Southeastern Brazil, Uruguay, and northeastern Argentina, in Buenos Aires, Entre Ríos, and Misiones provinces. Except for the Brazilian and Misiones records, this species is sympatric with Tasata parcepunctata in much of its distribution.

OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED: BRASIL: São Paulo: Capital, Ipiranga , 30.V.1942, A. Zoppei, 1♀ penultimate ( MZUSP 14056 ) ; 24.V.1942, A. Zoppei, 1♀ penultimate ( MZUSP 14069 ). Rio Grande do Sul: Cachoeira do Sul, Cordilheira , 9.IX.1992, R.G. Buss, 1♀ ( MCTP 3340 ) ; Porto Alegre , no date, P. Buck, 13 ( MNRJ 18363 ) ; no specific locality or date, B. Rambo, 1♀ ( MNRJ ex­ 41661), 5♀ ( MNRJ 41959 ). URUGUAY: Departamento Montevideo: Prado , 8.X.1973, R. Capocasale, 13 ( CAS). ARGENTINA: Misiones: Fracrán, 23.XI.1948, M. Birabén, 13 3♀ 2 immatures ( MLP) ; Refugio Piñalito , XI.1954, R. Schiapelli, M.E. Galiano, 1♀ ( MACN­Ar) ; Santa María, XII.1947, J.M. Viana, 1♀ ( MACN­Ar 2558 ). Entre Ríos: Gualeguay , 20.VIII.1989, M. Ramírez, 3♀ ( MACN­Ar, photo MJR 227) ; El Palmar Natl. Park , 14.X.1984, M. Ramírez, 4♀ ( MACN­Ar). Buenos Aires: Ciudad de Buenos Aires, 1993, M. Ramírez, 13 ( MACN­Ar) ; Delta , estación experimental INTA, VII.1968, A. Bachmann, 13 1♀ ( MACN­Ar) ; Delta, Arroyo Carreras , VIII.1941, F. Monrós, 23 1♀ ( MACN­Ar) ; Delta, Canal Arias , VI.1941, F. Monrós, 13 ( MACN­Ar) ; Delta, intersection of Paraná de Las Palmas with Canal 6, VII.1968, A. Bachmann, 1♀ ( MACN­Ar) ; Delta, Río Gálvez , IX.1941, F. Monrós, 13 1♀ ( MACN­Ar 918 ) ; Delta, Tigre, Río Luján and Arroyo Guayraca´, VI.1982, M. Ramı´rez, 1 ♀ ( MACN­Ar) ; Dique Luján , 26.IX.1982, P. Goloboff and M. Ramírez, 1♀ ( MACN­Ar) ; Escobar , 23.VII.1984, M. Ramírez, 2 3 ( MACN­Ar) ; Hudson , 1.V.1984, M. Ramírez, 23 1♀ ( MACN­Ar) ; Isla Martín García , 25.V.1990, M. Ramírez, 153 1♀ 1 immature ( MACN­Ar), and 13 1♀ misidentified as T. parcepunctata in Ramírez (1995a) ; Laguna de los Padres , talar, 29.V.1989, J. Farina, 23 1♀ ( MMLS) ; La Plata, 1942, 1♀ ( MLP) ; 25 km S Magdalena , 13–14.VIII.1983, P. Goloboff and M. Ramírez, 1♀ ( MACN­Ar) ; Otamendi , 7.X.1979, P. Goloboff, 1♀ ( MACN­Ar) ; Reserva Otamendi , 10.VI.1997, M. Ramírez, L. Compagnucci, C. Grismado, F. Uehara, 23 ( MACN­Ar) ; Partido de Luján , 24.V.1981, M. Ramírez, 13 1♀ ( MACN­Ar) ; Pontevedra , 19.V.1979, P. Goloboff, 23 ( MACN­Ar) ; Punta Lara, Ensenada , VIII.1972, M.E. Galiano, 33 ( MACN­Ar) ; 25.IV.1984, M.E. Galiano, C. Scioscia, 53 3♀ ( MACN­Ar), 10.X.1984, M.E. Galiano, 13 1♀ ( MACN­Ar), 18.IX.1986, M. Ramírez, 2♀ 13 (MACNAr) ; 28.XI.1985, M.E. Galiano, C. Scioscia, 3♀ without legs, in nest of wasp Auplopus sp. , det. J. Genise ( MACN­Ar) ; IV.1986, M.E. Galiano, C. Scioscia, 43 ( MACN­Ar) ; V.1986, C. Scioscia, 13 1♀ ( MACN­Ar), 16.VII.1989, M. Ramírez, 23 1♀ (MACNAr 9803, photo MJR 280–282) ; Tigre, Rincón de Milberg , 5.III.1981, M. Ramírez, 1♀ ( MACN­Ar) .

Tasata unipunctata (Simon) , new combination Figure 129

Oxysoma unipunctatum Simon, 1896b: 505 (male lectotype, male, female and immature, and a female of Wulfila sp. , all paralectotypes here designated, from Venezuela, Caracas, in MHNP 8161, examined). Mello­Leitão, 1922: 20.

NOTE: The variant described by Simon (1896b) is a male from Brazil, Minas Gerais, Matozinhos. According to my preliminary revisions of Brazilian collections, several species may occur in Brazil, all very similar and difficult to distinguish, with subtle variation in genitalia. It is still not clear how much of this variation reflects true interspecific differences.

DIAGNOSIS: Provisionally distinguished by the combination of very small AME (fig. 129F), a small retrolateral ridge on male paramedian apophysis, the triangular shape of epigynal anterior pouch, and the ample loop described by the copulatory ducts, before the spermathecae.

FEMALE (paralectotype): Carapace length 2.80, width 2.45. Length of tibia/metatarsus: I, 3.90/3.50; II, 3.40/3.10; III, 2.35/2.1; IV, 3.00/3.40. Chelicerae with two teeth on retromargin. Spines: leg I, femur d 1–1–1, p 0­ d1­ d1, r d1ap; tibia v 2–2–2, p and r 1–1; metatarsus v 2bas, p and r 1–0, d 0­ p1­ 0­ 2. II = I. III, femur d 1–1–1, p and r d1ap; patella 0; tibia v 0–2–2, p and r 1–1, d r1­ 0­ 1­ 0; metatarsus v 2–0–2, p 0­ d1–1, r d1–1– 1, d 0­ p1–2. IV, femur = III; patella r d1; tibia v p1–2–2, p and r 1–1, d r1­ 0­ 1­ 0; metatarsus v 2–2–2, p and r d1–1–1, d 0­ p1–2. Color (fig. 129B): quite faded, yellow. Legs with small, elongate, brownish violet spots at base of some tibial spines, including ventrals. Abdomen with anterior dark dot, lateral stripes of white guanine reticulum. Sternum and venter pale. Chelicerae with anterior longitudinal brown line. Epigyne (fig. 129G, H): lateral lobes close to each other anterior of anterior pouch, which has triangular opening. Copulatory ducts describing ample loop before entering spermathecae.

MALE (lectotype): Carapace length 2.60, width 2.25, wider on legs II–III. Length of tibia/metatarsus: I, 4.85/2.25; II, 4.05/3.60; III, 2.65/2.40; IV, 3.40/3.70. Chelicerae slightly longer and narrower than those of female. Spines as in female, except: leg I, tibia d r1­ 0­ 1­ 0. II, femur r 0­ d1­ d1; tibia = I. III, tibia v p1–2–2. IV, femur = III. Color (fig. 129A) as in female. Palp (fig. 129C–E): tibia long, width/length 0.48. Sperm duct with loop approximating anterior ventral margin of tegulum, slight spiral before reaching embolus. Embolus very thin, without basal process, membranous area ample. Paramedian apophysis thick, elongate, with acute tip. Primary conductor concave, rounded. Secondary conductor large, prolateral portion with denticles on apical margin; retrolateral portion weakly sclerotized on proximal part, with tiny denticules on central concavity.

VARIABILITY: The male from São Paulo has reddish dorsal pattern on carapace and abdomen.

NATURAL HISTORY: Unknown.

DISTRIBUTION: Known only from type locality, and probably also from Minas Gerais and São Paulo.

OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED: One male and two females from Brazil, São Paulo, São José do Barreiro, Serra da Bocaína, 1960 m, XI.1968, M. Alvarenga (AMNH), and one male from Brazil, Minas Gerais, Matozinhos (MHNP 8163), described as a variant by Simon (1896b), have slight differences with the types, but might well be conspecific.

Figures

Fig. 122. Oxysoma saccatum (Tullgren), female. A. Osorno, Puyehue (photo MJR 1419). B. Llanquihue, Caleta La Arena (photo MJR 434).

Fig. 123. Oxysoma saccatum (Tullgren). A. Epigyne, ventral view. B. Spermathecae, dorsal view: arrow points to ‘‘dictynoid’’ pore.

Fig. 124. Oxysoma saccatum (Tullgren). A. Right male palp, retrolateral view (paralectotype). B. Same, ventral view. C. Same, prolateral view. D. Left male copulatory bulb, retrolateral view (Chiloe´, Cole Cole). E. Same, apical view. F. Right male palp, prolateral view (paralectotype). G. Epigyne, ventral view (lectotype). H. Same, cleared. Scale bars = A–E, 0.2 mm; F, 1 mm; G, H, 0.1 mm.

Fig. 61. Tip of cymbium of Gayennini, showing cymbial conductor, ventral view. A. Arachosia praesignis (Keyserling) (Buenos Aires, Hudson). B. Sanogasta maculatipes (Keyserling) (Buenos Aires, Atucha). C. Sanogasta maculosa (Nicolet) (Chubut, Lago Futalaufquen). D. Sanogasta backhauseni (Simon) (Santa Cruz, Calafate). E. Sanogasta x­signata (Keyserling) (Santa Fe, Las Gamas). F. Oxysoma punctatum Nicolet (Llanquihue, Alerce Andino). G. Tasata parcepunctata Simon (Buenos Aires, Martín García). H. Philisca huapi, n. sp. (Neuquén, Ortiz Basualdo).

Fig. 125. Tasata spp., females (Entre Ríos, Gualeguay, photos MJR 227 and 229). A. T. variolosa Mello­Leitão, female guarding eggsac. B. T. parcepunctata Simon.

Fig. 126. Tasata parcepunctata Simon, male copulatory bulb (Buenos Aires, Isla Martín García). A, B. Retrolateral view. C, D. Apical view: arrow points to flattened lobe on C2p. (C1 = primary conductor; C2 = secondary conductor; C2p = prolateral portion of C2; C2r = retrolateral portion of C2; E = embolus; MA = median apophysis; PMA = paramedian apophysis.)

Fig. 127. Tasata parcepunctata Simon (Buenos Aires, Isla Martín García, MACN­Ar 9798). A. Male palp, ventral view. B. Same, retrolateral view. C. Epigyne, ventral view. Scale bars = 0.2 mm.

Fig. 135. A. Tasata parcepunctata Simon, epigyne, ventral view (Buenos Aires, Isla Martín García). B–D. Phidyle punctipes (Nicolet) (Limarı´, Fray Jorge). B. Epigyne, ventral view. C. Male copulatory bulb, ventral­retrolateral view. D. Same, apical view: arrow points to membranous area dividing C2. Scale bars = 0.1 mm. (C2p = prolateral portion of C2; C2r = retrolateral portion of C2; E = embolus; MA = median apophysis; PMA = paramedian apophysis.)

Fig. 128. Tasata variolosa Mello­Leitão. A. Male copulatory bulb, ventral view (Buenos Aires, Punta Lara, MACN­Ar 9803). B. Same, retrolateral view. C. Same, apical view. D. Same, detail prolateral, cleared. E. Female left chelicera, ventral view (MACN­Ar 9803). F. Epigyne, ventral view (syntype). G. Same, cleared. Scale bars = A–C, E, F, 0.5 mm; D, G, 0.2 mm. (E = embolus; T = tegulum.)