Josa calilegua, RAMÍREZ, 2003

RAMÍREZ, MARTÍN J., 2003, The Spider Subfamily Amaurobioidinae (Araneae, Anyphaenidae): A Phylogenetic Revision At The Generic Level, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2003 (277), pp. 1-262 : 114-125

Josa calilegua , new species Figures 54 , 58

TYPES: Female holotype and male paratype from Argentina, Jujuy province, Calilegua Natl. Park , 11.3 km from Park entrance, ca. 23°30̍S, 64°50̍W, 23–24.IX.1995, M. Ramírez, P. Goloboff, C. Szumik, deposited in MACN­Ar 9814.

ETYMOLOGY: The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.

DIAGNOSIS: Resembles J. personata in having a pale body and recurved posterior eye row, but distinguished by having three teeth on the cheliceral retromargin and four on the promargin, lacking lateral depressions anterior of the epigynal lateral lobes, and the characteristic shape of the apex of conductor.

FEMALE (holotype): Total length 6.25. Posterior eye row recurved. Carapace length 2.80, width 2.17, wider between legs II and III. Length of tibia/metatarsus: I, 1.70/1.57; II, 1.67/1.50; III, 1.50/1.47; IV, 1.90/2.03. Palpal tarsus length 0.90. Chelicerae unmodified, with four teeth on promargin, three on retromargin. Sternum length 1.87, width 1.10. Spines (all tibiae d r1–0–1 bristles): leg I, femur d 1–1–1, p 0­ d1­ 1­ 1, r 0­ d1­ d1; tibia v 2–2–2; metatarsus v 2bas. II, femur d 1– 1–1, p and r 0­ d1­ d1; tibia = I (the v p1bas thinner; one additional spine close to the x­ r1­ x on left leg); metatarsus v 2bas. III, femur = II; tibia v 2–2–2, p 1­ d1­ 1­ 0 or d1– 1, r 1­ d1­ 1­ 0; metatarsus v 2–0–2, p and r d1­ 1­ 0­ 1, d 0­ p1–2. IV, femur d 1–1–1, p 0­ d1­ d1, r d1ap; tibia = III; metatarsus v 2­ p1– 2, p and r d1­ 1­ 0­ 1­ 0, d p1–2. Color: yellowish white, legs darkening distally, abdomen with white guanine reticulum, less dense along median lines of dorsum and venter. Ocular area black, many white hairs on clypeus, margin of carapace, dorsum of coxae, and sides of abdomen. Epigyne (figs. 54C, D, 58C, D): median field wide, oval in posterior view, lateral lobes with oblique posterior borders, projecting over median field, limiting rectangular notch. Copulatory ducts long, coiled, ducts of accessory bulb long, converging. Lumen of spermatheca irregular, partially coiled along with coils of copulatory ducts. Fertilization ducts long.

MALE (paratype): Total length 4.90. Carapace length 2.37, width 1.93. Length of tibia/ metatarsus: I, 1.93/1.77; II, 1.90/1.83; III, 1.53/1.53; IV, 1.77/2.00. Chelicerae small, vertical. Sternum length 1.30, width 0.93. Spines as in female, except: leg I, tibia v 2– 2–2, p and r 1­ d1­ 1­ 0, d r1–0–1; metatarsus v 2–2–0, p and r d1. II, tibia and metatarsus = I. III, tibia = I. IV, tibia = I. Abdomen reduced by starving, length 2.50, width 1.10, spiracle–epigastrium 0.83, spiracle–spinnerets 0.57. Color as in female, but with small brownish violet spot above anal tubercle. Copulatory bulb (figs. 54A, B, 58A, B): median apophysis wide, apical tip narrow, basal tip represented only by ridge. Secondary conductor bifid apically, one tip blunt, anoth­ er long, acute. Paramedian apophysis sclerotized, with short, bifid cusp, fused to tegulum, partially separated from conductor base by small membranous area. Embolus very long, apex describing complete loop between bulb and cymbium.

NATURAL HISTORY: Most specimens were collected by beating foliage.

DISTRIBUTION: Moderate altitude rainforests in Argentina , Tucumán and Jujuy provinces.

OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED: ARGENTINA: Jujuy: Same data as types, 23 4♀ 2 immatures ( MACN­Ar) . Tucumán: Horco Molle , II.1965, A. Bachmann, 1♀ (MACNAr) ; Cerro San Javier , 11.II.1951, Ross, 1♀ ( CAS) .

Josa nigrifrons (Simon) ,

new combination

Figures 59 , 60

Haptisus nigrifrons Simon, 1896b: 505 (male lectotype and 4 females paralectotypes here designated, from Venezuela, Aragua, Colonia Tovar, in MHNP, examined), 1897a: 92, 100.

Pelayo insignis Banks, 1909a: 199 (female lectotype and male immature paralectotype here designated, from Costa Rica, Volcán Poás, Alajuela, J.F. Tristán coll., in MCZ, examined). NEW SYNONYMY.

Josa insignis : Brescovit, 1993: 129.

SYNONYMY: The paralectotypes of Haptisus nigrifrons were compared with the lectotype of Pelayo insignis and with numerous specimens from the same area; no relevant differences were found.

DIAGNOSIS: Easily distinguished from oth­ er Josa by the extreme development of the secondary conductor and by the female epigyne projecting posteriorly, with anterior lateral sclerotizations.

FEMALE (paralectotype): Total length 5.27. Carapace length 2.24, width 1.62, wider between legs II and III. Anterior eye row procurved, AME slightly smaller than ALE , posterior eye row slightly recurved. Length of tibia/metatarsus: I, 1.10/0.98; II, 1.08/ 0.98; III, 0.88/0.92; IV, 1.22/1.28. Chelicerae with two teeth on retromargin. Spines: leg I, femur d 1–1–1, p 2ap; tibia v 2–2–2; metatarsus v 2bas. II, femur d 1–1–1, p 2ap, r d1ap; tibia v r1­ r1–2; metatarsus v 2bas. III, femur d 1–1–1, p 0­ d1­ d1, r d1ap; patella r d1; tibia v p1­ p1–2, p 1­ d1­ 1­ 0, r d1–1, d r1–1 (bristles); metatarsus v 2–0–2, p d1–1– 1, r 0–1–1, d 0­ p1–2. IV, femur d 1–1–1, p and r d1ap; patella r d1; tibia v p1–2–2, p and r 1­ d1­ 1­ 0, d r1–1 (bristles); metatarsus v 2–0–2, p and r d1–1–1, d 0­ p1­ r1. Abdomen length 3.06, width 1.78, spiracle–epigastrium 1.04, spiracle–spinnerets 0.69. Col­ or: pale yelow, carapace with pale brown diffuse lateral bands, ocular area black, clypeus with white hairs. Chelicerae dark gray and black, sternum pale, labium dark brown. Abomen with dark brownish violet dorsal pattern (fig. 59A), and three posterior black marks, epigastrium with reddish spots at sides of epigyne, venter with brownish violet band from epigastrium to spinnerets. Epigyne (fig. 59C–G) projecting posteriorly, epigastrium sclerotized in two patches lateral and anterior of epigyne. Epigynal posterior border formed by projecting lateral lobes, each with depressed area and notch in between. Median field and copulatory openings hidden in epigastric fold, visible only after dissection. Median field flattened, sclerotized, with two lobes directed backward (fig. 59E–G). Copulatory ducts coiled, most anterior loop with ample lumen (probably functioning as reservoir), lumen of spermathecae tortuous, ducts of accessory bulbs long, slen­ der, converging.

MALE (lectotype): Total length 4.73. Carapace length 2.28, width 1.84. Length of tibia/metatarsus: I, 1.55/1.35; II, 1.48/1.32; III, 1.12/1.10; IV, 1.50/1.55. Chelicerae slightly narrower than those of female. Spines as in female, except: leg I, femur p d1ap or 2ap, r 0­ d1­ d1; tibia p and r 1­ d1­ 1­ 0; metatarsus v 2–2–0. II, femur p and r 0­ d1­ d1; tibia p and r 1­ d1­ 1­ 0, v r1–2–2; metatarsus v 2–2– 0, p d1, r d1 or 0. III, femur = II; tibia v p1–2–2, r 1­ d1­ 1­ 0, d r1–0–1; metatarsus d 0–2–2. IV, femur = II; tibia = III; metatarsus v 2­ p1–2, d 0–2–2. Abdomen length 2.45, width 1.43, spiracle–epigastrium 0.86, spiracle–spinnerets 0.61. Color: similar to female, lateral band on carapace sharper, band on venter narrower, extending anterior of spiracle to spinnerets. Palp (fig. 60): median apophysis large, concave. Secondary conductor very complex, one acute tip bearing canal, other tip bifid, much more developed, plus additional cusp on base. Paramedian apophysis absent, apparently reduced to shallow ridge parallel to tegular margin. Embolus very long, apex describing complete loop between bulb and cymbium.

VARIABILITY: Genitalia quite variable. Some females with lobes of epigynal median field hardly visible in ventral view (fig. 59E, G). Males with secondary conductor also variable in details. Some specimens with longitudinal black lines on legs, from patella to metatarsus, similar to those of J. personata . Abdomen may have short dorsal band, anterior of chevrons. Abdominal ventral band varying in length and width. Female spines: III, tibia v p1–2–2; metatarsus p and r d1– 1–1, d 0–2–2. IV, metatarsus v 2–2–2, p and r d1–1–1, d 0–2–2. Male spines: III, IV, metatarsus = female.

NATURAL HISTORY: Unknown.

DISTRIBUTION: Andean rainforests from Costa Rica to Bolivia.

OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED: PANAMA: El Volcán , 12.VIII.1950, A.M. Chickering, 33 5♀ 3 immatures ( MCZ) ; 9–14.VIII.1950, A.M. Chickering, 14 immatures, 9♀ 83 1 immature ( MCZ), 10.VIII.1950, A.M. Chickering, 1♀ ( MCZ). ECUADOR: Loja: Malacatos , 1900 m, 21–22.VIII.1977, L. Peña, 13 3♀ 9 immatures ( AMNH). Prov. Tungurahua: Baños, 2200 m, 29.IV.1939, W. Clarke­Macyntre, 13 ( MCZ) ; Tungurahua , 2600 m, 6.V.1939, W.M. Clarke­Macintyre ,

TABLE 18 Synapomorphies of Gayennini and Internal Clades

13 (AMNH). BOLIVIA: La Paz: La Paz, Unduavi to Coroico, yungas, 2500–3200 m, 18–22.XI.1984, L. Peña, 1♀ (AMNH).

TRIBE GAYENNINI , NEW RANK Table 18

TYPE GENUS: Gayenna Nicolet, 1849 .

NOTE: Gayennini is equivalent to the ‘‘ Gayenna ­ Oxysoma group’’ of Kochalka (1980: 36) and Ramírez (1995b: 72).

DIAGNOSIS: Distinguished from Amaurobioidini and Josa by having an anterior epigynal pouch, spherical spermathecae well differentiated from the relatively slender copulatory ducts, and a primary conductor being vestigial or absent.

DESCRIPTION: Posterior eye row procurved or straight. Chelicerae usually with two teeth on retromargin. Male palp without RTA. Cymbial conductor narrow (fig. 61). Primary conductor reduced to small sclerite, hidden between distal sclerites or absent. Secondary conductor well developed, canal of variable shape (absent in some groups). Median apophysis slender, tip hooked. Paramedian apophysis with distinct, elongate cusp. Embolus with short, simple basal process, formed by extension of narrow sclerotized stripe, partially bordered by membranous areas. Epigyne with anterior pouch on median field, lateral lobes usually separate but contiguous or fused to each other in some groups. Spermathecae spherical, outline and lumen well differentiated from those of copulatory ducts.

DISTRIBUTION: Mainly South America, but Arachosia extending also to Central and North America. Sanogasta maculatipes probably introduced to Eastern Island.

COMPOSITION: Eleven genera, two of them newly proposed here: Arachosia O.P.­ Cambridge, Araiya , n. gen., Gayenna Nicolet , Gayennoides , n. gen., Monapia Simon , Oxysoma Nicolet , Phidyle Simon (here removed from the synonymy of Oxysoma ), Philisca Simon , Sanogasta Mello­Leitão , Tasata Simon , and Tomopisthes Simon.

NOMINA DUBIA: The following species belong to Gayennini , but cannot be assigned with certainty to a genus: Clubiona albiventris Nicolet, 1849 (immature presumably holotype in MHNP 4225, examined); Clubiona gibbosa Nicolet, 1849 (two immature syntypes in MHNP 4233, examined); Clubiona lepida Nicolet, 1849 (small immature presumably holotype in MHNP 4228, examined); Clubiona puella Nicolet, 1849 (immature presumably holotype in MHNP 4229, examined); Clubiona pulchella Nicolet, 1849 (two immatures syntypes in MHNP 4236, examined).

GAYENNA NICOLET

Table 19

Gayenna Nicolet, 1849: 450 (type species by monotypy Gayenna americana Nicolet, 1849 ).

Simon, 1884 and 1887: E24, E26, 1897 a: 91,

TABLE 19 Autapomorphies of Gayenna americana

94, 96, 98–99. Keyserling, 1891: 83, 137.

F.O.P.­ Cambridge, 1900: 94, 107. Tullgren,

1901: 230, 1902: 58. Banks, 1905: 307, 1907:

723 (Gavenna lapsus). Merian, 1913: 76. Mello­Leitão, 1925: 456. Kochalka, 1980: 98–100.

Ramírez, 1995a: 1, 1997: 177. Ramírez and Kochalka, 1993: 164.

Mezenia Simon, 1897a: 92 , 96, 98, 101. Tullgren,

1902: 67. Bonnet, 1957: 2828.

Mezenina Strand, 1932: 141 (new name for Mezenia Simon, 1897 , preoccupied by Stuckenberg,

1895). Synonymized by Ramírez and Kochalka,

1993: 164.

DIAGNOSIS: The single known species is easily distinguished from all other Amaurobioidinae by having a characteristic abdominal pattern (fig. 62A) and by the anterior median eyes being much larger than the lateral ones.

DESCRIPTION: See Ramírez and Kochalka (1993: 164). Additional data: posterior eye row procurved. Chelicerae with three teeth on promargin, two on retromargin. Male palp with short tibia. Copulatory bulb (fig. 63): embolus with basal process flattened, associated with distal membranous area. Paramedian apophysis thick, apex bifid, with retrolateral, short, curved cusp, small pointed prolateral cusp. Secondary conductor striated transversely­obliquely, well separated from anterior margin of tegulum by membranous area; retrolateral portion with basal prong; tip of prolateral portion elongate, acute; canal deep. Primary conductor thick, blunt, heavily sclerotized. Epigyne with lateral lobes close to each other, median field very narrow, separated from lateral lobes by shallow sutures. Lateral lobes elevated at sides of median pouch. Copulatory ducts long.

COMPOSITION: Only the type species.

TYPES NOT EXAMINED: Gayenna brasiliensis Roewer, 1951 (replacement name for Gayenna alticola Mello­Leitão, 1926 , perhaps in MNRJ, not found). Gayenna chrysophyla Mello­Leitão, 1926 (male and female syntypes not examined, perhaps in MNRJ, not found): a schematic illustration of the epigyne ( Mello­Leitão, 1926: fig. 4) suggests that if may belong in Sanogasta or Arachosia . Gayenna ignava Banks, 1898 (type originally in CAS, lost, C. Griswold, personal commun.; most probably Anyphaeninae) and Gayenna orizaba Banks, 1898 (same as G. ignava ).

Gayenna americana Nicolet Figures 12 , 13E–G , 16 , 17 , 62 , 63 , 68A–C

Gayenna americana Nicolet, 1849: 450 . Ramírez and Kochalka, 1993: 164. Ramírez, 1995a: 366, 1997: 177.

Mezenia dorsalis Simon, 1897a: 101 , 1904: 103; Tullgren, 1902: 103; Merian, 1913: 13.

Mezenina dorsalis : Strand, 1932:141.

DIAGNOSIS: See generic diagnosis.

DESCRIPTION: See Ramírez and Kochalka (1993: 164) and generic description.

VARIABILITY: Female spines: IV, tibia v p1­ p1–2 or p1–2–2; metatarsus v 2­ p1–2 or 2– 2–2, p d1–1–1 or 0­ d1–1, r d1–1–1. Male spines: III, tibia v p1–2–2.

DISTRIBUTION: Forests in southern Argentina and Chile.

NEW RECORDS: ARGENTINA: Neuquén: Puerto Blest, 7–20.I.2000, L. Lopardo and A. Quaglino, 15 immatures (MACN­Ar). CHILE: Región IV (Coquimbo): Choapa: Los Vilos, Cariloleu, 11.X.1994, L. Peña, 13 (AMNH). Región VII (Maule): Talca: Alto de Vilches, 17–24.X.1964, L. Peña, 33 3 immatures (MCZ); elev. 1180 m, 35°36̍S, 71°04̍W, 14–15.XI.1993, N. Platnick, K. Catley, M. Ramírez, T. Allen , 53 2♀ (AMNH), 33 (MACN­Ar), 23 (MHNS); Parque Gil de Vilches, 7–8.II.1992, M. Ramírez, N. Platnick, P. Goloboff , 1♀ (AMNH). Cauquenes: Tregualemu, 520 m, 6–7.XI.1993, L. Peña and A. Ugarte, 1♀ (AMNH). Linares: Bullileo, Parral, 5–8.XII.1990, L. Peña, 13 (AMNH); Fundo Malcho, Andes en Parral, 11–20.XI.1964, L. Peña, 73 5♀ 3 immatures (MCZ), 10–11.XI.1993, L. Peña, 13 (AMNH). Región VIII (Biobío): Ñuble: Las Trancas, 1–10.XII.65, L. Peña, 43 1 immature (MCZ); Punta El Zorro, 20.XII.1992, T. Cekalovic, 13 (AMNH). Concepción: Cerro Caracol, Concepción, elev. 200 m, 36°51̍S, 73°02̍W, 17.XI.1993, N. Platnick, K. Catley, M. Ramírez, T. Allen , 1♀ (AMNH); Estero Nonguén, 10.II.1996, 13, 5.X.1996, 13 1♀, T. Cekalovic (AMNH); Fundo El Manzano, 7.XI.1992, 23 2♀, 8.XI.1992, 13, T. Cekalovic (AMNH); Periquillo, 22.XI.1992, 13 2♀ 2 immatures, 7.X.1994, 1♀, 6.XI.1994, 1♀, T. Cekalovic (AMNH). Biobío: Alto Caledonia, 42 km SE Mulchen, 14.II.1992, M. Ramírez, N. Platnick, P. Goloboff , 1♀ (MACN­Ar). Arauco: 2 km S Cruce Camino Colicó Norte, 20.X.1996, T. Cekalovic, 13 (AMNH); 10 km N Curanilahue, 21.XI.1992, T. Cekalovic, 1♀ (AMNH); Isla Mocha, Quebrada La Hacienda, Sendero Travesía, 3.5 km faro Torrecillas, 16.I.1995, T. and S. Cekalovic, 1♀ (AMNH). Región IX: Malleco: Monumento Natural Contulmo, 12.I.1989, M. Ramírez, 5#h, 13 (MACN­Ar, photo MJR 42, 43 R2), 19–21.XII.1998, M. Ramírez, L. Compagnucci, C. Grismado, L. Lopardo, 1♀ (MHNS); Pata de Gallina, S of Contulmo, 5.I.2001, T. Cekalovic, 1♀ (AMNH). Cautín: Monte Verde, Cavahue, 31.I.1993, L. Peña, 1♀ (AMNH); Conguillio Natl. Park, 23.II.1992, M. Ramírez, N. Platnick, P. Goloboff , 1♀ (AMNH); 14 km N Villarrica, elev. 250 m, 39°10̍S, 72°12̍W, 20.XI.1993, N. Platnick, K. Catley, M. Ramírez, T. Allen , 1♀ (AMNH). Región X (Los Lagos): Valdivia: Las Lajas, W La Unión, 19–20.XI.1990, L. Peña, 23 1♀ (AMNH); Parque Oncol, road intersection from Renoval Canelos to Los Tepuales, 12.II.2001, T. Cekalovic, 1♀ (AMNH). Osorno: Puyehue Natl. Park , 10.III.1965, H. Levi, 3 immatures (MCZ); Termas de Puyehue, 14.III.1965, H. Levi, 4 immatures (MCZ); 12 km SE Aguas Calientes, P. N. Puyehue , elev. 700 m, 21.XI.1993, N. Platnick, K. Catley, M, Ramírez, T. Allen , 13 1♀ (AMNH), 33 (MACN­Ar); Derrumbes road, Aguas Calientes, P. N. Puyehue , elev. 480 m, 40°44̍S, 72°18̍W, 22.XI.1993, N, Platnick, K. Catley, M. Ramírez, T. Allen , 13 (MHNS, photo MJR 1415); Aguas Calientes, 13–17.XII.1998, M. Ramírez, L. Compagnucci, C. Grismado, L. Lopardo, 43 4♀ 9 immatures (MACN­Ar), 23 3♀ (MHNS); Bosque del Volcán Osorno, 6 km N Ensenada, 250 m, 17.III.1965, H. Levi, 2 immatures (MCZ, photographed). Llanquihue: Chamisa, 13.XII.1968, L. Peña, 1♀ (MCZ); Correntoso, XII.1968, L. Peña, 1♀ (MCZ); El Pangal, Correntoso, 15.XII.1958, L. Peña, 1♀ (MCZ); Alerce Andino Natl. Park, elev. 100 m, 41°35̍S, 72°41̍W, 23.XI.1993, N. Platnick, K. Catley, M. Ramírez, T. Allen , 13 (AMNH), 13 (MACNAr). Chiloe´: Isla de Chiloe´, Chepu, 21.II.1992, M. Ramírez, P. Goloboff, N. Platnick , 3♀ (MACN­Ar), Puente La Caldera,

TABLE 20 Synapomorphies of Gayennoides and Terminals

6.II.1994, T. Cekalovic, 1♀ ( AMNH) ; Isla Quinchao , Quetro, 19.II.1997, T. Cekalovic, 1♀ ( AMNH) .

GAYENNOIDES , NEW GENUS Table 20

TYPE SPECIES: Gayennoides molles , new species.

ETYMOLOGY: The generic name is a derivative of the close relative Gayenna ; gender is masculine.

DIAGNOSIS: Males of Gayennoides resemble those of Gayenna , Sanogasta , and Arachosia in having a long, deep canal on the secondary conductor, arising under the paramedian apophysis, but the genus can be distinguished by having a basal notch on the retrolateral margin of cymbium (figs. 65E, 66D).

DESCRIPTION: Carapace narrowed in front, posterior eye row slightly procurved, ocular area not projecting. Chelicerae unmodified, slightly longer in males, with three teeth on promargin, two or three on retromargin. Anterior leg spines unmodified. Male palp with elongate tibia. Cymbium with basal notch on retrolateral margin. Anterior margin of tegulum compressed over secondary conductor. Embolus with basal process flattened, separated by ample ventral membranous area. Paramedian apophysis complex, heavily sclerotized, with one retrolateral cusp, additional prolateral cusp or ridges. Secondary conductor large, striated transversely­obliquely, not fused to anterior margin of tegulum; retrolateral portion with basal prong, apex of prolateral portion prominent, acute; canal very deep, arising under paramedian apophysis. Primary conductor superficial. Epigyne with lateral lobes separate, median field elevated, with ample anterior pouch. Copulatory ducts heavily sclerotized, relatively thick.

DISTRIBUTION: Central Chile.

COMPOSITION: Two species newly described below.

Figures

Fig. 54. Josa calilegua, n. sp. (Jujuy, Calilegua). A. Male copulatory bulb, ventral­apical view. B. Same, apical view. C. Epigyne, ventral view. D. Same, posterior view. (C2 = secondary conductor; E = embolus; MA = median apophysis; PBE = process on base of embolus.)

Fig. 58. Josa calilegua, n. sp. A. Male copulatory bulb, ventral view (paratype). B. Same, apical view. C. Epigyne, ventral view (holotype). D. Same, cleared. Scale bars = 0.2 mm.

Fig. 59. Josa nigrifrons (Simon). A. Female (paralectotype). B. Male (lectotype). C. Epigyne, ventral view (paralectotype). D. Cleared epigyne, dorsal view (La Paz, Unduavi to Coroico). E–G. Epigyne, dorsal view. E. Loja, Malacatos. F. Unduavi to Coroico. G. Panama´, El Volcán. Scale bars = A, B, 2 mm; C, 0.5 mm; D–G, 0.2 mm.

Fig. 60. Josa nigrifrons (Simon), male palp. A. Ventral view (lectotype). B. Copulatory bulb, expanded (Panama´, El Volcán, 12.VIII.1950). C. Copulatory bulb, apical view (Loja, Malacatos). D. Palp, prolateral view (lectotype). E. Same, retrolateral view. Scale bars = A, 0.2 mm; B–E, 0.5 mm. (C1 = primary conductor; C2 = secondary conductor; DH = distal hematodocha; E = embolus; MA = median apophysis; PBE = process on base of embolus; T = tegulum.)

Fig. 12. Gayenna americana Nicolet, left mouthparts (Talca, Alto de Vilches). A. Chelicera, posterior view, inset to cheliceral gland. B. Maxilla, inset to sieve plate. C. Palpal tarsus.

Fig. 13. Female left tarsus IV, setae and sensilla. A–D. Amaurobioides africana Hewitt, retrolateral claw tuft shaved (South Africa, Western Cape, Kommetjie). A. Tarsus, dorsal view. B. Same, distal view. C. Same, retrolateral view. D. Same, trichobothria. E–G. Gayenna americana Nicolet (Talca, Alto de Vilches). E. Tarsal organ. F. Trichobothria. G. Claw tuft.

Fig. 16. Gayenna americana Nicolet, female spinnerets (Talca, Alto de Vilches). A. Spinnerets. B. Right anterior lateral spinneret. C. Right posterior median spinneret. D. Same, internal view. E. Right posterior lateral spinneret. (Ac = aciniform gland spigot; mAmp = minor ampullate gland spigot; MAmp = major ampullate gland spigot; Pi = piriform gland spigot.)

Fig. 17. Gayenna americana Nicolet, male spinnerets (Llanquihue, Alerce Andino). A. Spinnerets. B. Right anterior lateral spinneret. C. Right posterior median spinneret. D. Right posterior lateral spinneret. (Ac = aciniform gland spigot; mAmp = minor ampullate gland spigot; MAmp = major ampullate gland spigot; Pi = piriform gland spigot.)

Fig. 62. Gayenna americana (Nicolet). A. Male (Osorno, Puyehue, photo MJR 1415). B. Female retreat (Chiloe´, Chepu, photo MJR 463).

Fig. 63. Gayenna americana (Nicolet), male copulatory bulb. A. Ventral view (Osorno, Antillanca). B. Same, retrolateral view. C. Ventral view, partially expanded, embolus removed (Neuquén, Pucara´, II.1974). D. Apical view (Malleco, Contulmo, 12.I.1989). Scale bars = 0.2 mm. (C1 = primary conductor; C2 = secondary conductor; MA = median apophysis; PMA = paramedian apophysis.)

Fig. 68. Setae on ventral face of female anterior lateral spinnerets. A–C. Gayenna americana Nicolet