CEROCOCCIDAE Balachowsky 1942

Hodgson, Chris, 2020, A review of neococcid scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccomorpha) based on the morphology of the adult males, Zootaxa 4765 (1), pp. 1-264 : 169-170

CEROCOCCIDAE Balachowsky 1942

Cerococcus Comstock 1882, 213 . Type species: Cerococcus quercus Comstock by monotypy.

Antecerococcus Comstock ; Green 1901, 560. Green, 1908, 41. Incorrect synonymy ( Hodgson & Williams 2016, 19).

Introduction. The family Cerococcidae currently includes 5 genera and 84 species ( García Morales et al. 2019). It was recently revised based on adult female morphology by Hodgson and Williams (2016). The only molecular study in which the Cerococcidae have been included is that of Yokogawa and Yahara (2009) who found the cerococcids to be sister to the Asterolecaniidae in a clade with the Kermesidae . More recently, Hodgson and Hardy (2013), based on adult male morphology, found that the Cerococcidae were sister to the Asterolecaniidae and close to the Lecanodiaspididae . No males of this family have been described in detail previously. The following diagnosis is based on the males of the three species described below.

Family diagnosis based on adult male morphology ( Figs 67–69 ). Body: abdomen basically parallel-side and then narrowing to penial sheath; with very few body setae, all hs; loculate pores absent. Head: mid-cranial ridge present; ocelli absent; with only two pairs of simple eyes; ventral simple eyes placed distinctly posterior to dorsal simple eyes; gena with polygonal reticulations; postocular ridge touching dorsal eyes posteriorly; interocular ridge present (but ventral to dorsal eyes on A. indicus and A. ornatus but dorsad on C. artemisiae ); ocular sclerite with polygonal reticulations but without inner microridges; postoccipital ridge absent or poorly developed; antennae short, about half total body length or rather less; antennae 10 segmented; antennal segment X with 4 capitate setae (unknown on A. ornatus ); most antennal segments with both fs and hs setae. Thorax: prosternum with a welldeveloped lateral ridge but median ridge absent or ill-defined (unclear on C. indicus ); prothorax without setae; membranous area of scutum with few or no setae; scutellum with a well-developed, inverted U-shaped, scutellar ridge; postmesospiracular setae absent; basisternum without a median ridge; basisternum without basisternal setae; lateropleurite broad, with an extension from marginal ridge; metasternum without metasternal setae; metepisternum not sclerotised, and metepimeron sclerotised; alar setae absent; alar lobe absent; hamulohalteres absent; legs quite setose, with ( Antecerococcus ) or without ( Cerococcus ) fs; trochanter elongate, with sensilla in a line; tibia with 1 or 2 spurs; tarsi 1 segmented; tarsal campaniform pores present; tarsal digitules capitate; claw digitules capitate; claws with a denticle (uncertain on C. ornatus ). Abdomen: dorsal, ventral and pleural abdominal setae few and hs; tergites at most slightly sclerotised; glandular pouches present ( Antecerococcus ) or absent ( Cerococcus ); glandular pouches very shallow; caudal extensions on segment VII absent, those on segment VIII absent or small and rounded; penial sheath short, broad anteriorly, narrowing to a sharp point posteriorly; segment IX fused to style and not differentiated from it; basal membranous area at posterior end of segment IX present or absent; both surfaces of penial sheath with long setae; basal rod short; aedeagus blade-like.

Key to adult male Cerococcidae (based on the three species studied here)

1. Glandular pouches and glandular pouch setae absent. Interocular ridge extending around dorsal side of each dorsal simple eye................................................................. Cerococcus artemisiae (Cockerell) ( Fig. 67 )

- Glandular pouches and glandular pouch setae present. Interocular ridge extending around ventral side of each dorsal simple eye … Antecerococcus sp.................................................................................. 2

2. Antennal setae shorter than width of antennal segment. Metapleural ridge poorly developed or absent. Abdominal sternites not sclerotised........................................................ Antecerococcus indicus (Maskell) ( Fig. 68 )

- Antennal setae longer than width of antennal segments. Metapleural ridge well developed, extending medially to metasternum. Abdominal sternites sclerotised.......................................... Antecerococcus ornatus (Green) ( Fig. 69 )

Figures

FIGURE 67. Cerococcus artemisiae (Cockerell). Macropterous male. (Cerococcidae). Where A=cranial apophysis and R=dermal reticulations on ocular sclerite.

FIGURE 68. Antecerococcus indicus (Maskell). Macropterous male. (Cerococcidae). Where A=cranial apophysis and R=dermal reticulations on ocular sclerite.

FIGURE 69. Antecerococcus ornatus (Green). Macropterous male. (Cerococcidae). Where R=dermal reticulations on ocular sclerite.