Hisonotus ringueleti, AQUINO & SCHAEFER & MIQUELARENA, 2001
publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.1206/0003-0082(2001)333<0001:ANSOHS>2.0.CO;2 |
DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14066703 |
persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AF879C-E219-9F45-FF47-E374FC68F993 |
treatment provided by |
Carolina |
scientific name |
Hisonotus ringueleti |
status |
sp. nov. |
Hisonotus ringueleti View in CoL , new species
Figure 1 View Fig
DIAGNOSIS: No autapomorphy was found for Hisonotus ringueleti . The new species can be distinguished from all other species of Hisonotus by the combination: (1) presence of serrae along distal twothirds of posterior margin of pectoral spine (versus serrae absent, posterior margin smooth) (fig. 2B); (2) odontodes along anterior margin of snout biserially arranged, dorsad and ventrad series separated by narrow odontodefree area (fig. 3, top); (3) caudal peduncle short (27–34% SL, versus> 31% SL) and deep (13–15 % SL, versus <13% SL); (4) eye large (15– 19% HL, versus <13% HL); and (5) caudalfin pigmentation, when well defined, dark brown with pair of whitish blotches on upper and lower lobes (fig. 4, top).
REMARKS: Among nominal species of Hisonotus , the presence of serrae along the posterior margin of the pectoral spine was also observed in Hisonotus taimensis Buckup, 1981 , and H. nigricauda (Boulenger, 1891) , which precludes this feature as autapomorphic for H. ringueleti among species of Hisonotus . However, the consistency of certain intrinsic features of the serrae in H. ringueleti are noteworthy. Specifically, serrae of H. ringueleti (1) are consistently present in individuals, versus variably present among individuals in other species, (2) are composed of robust ‘‘teeth’’ (tooth height approximately 40–50% of spine width at tip), versus teeth feeble and inconspicuous (tooth height <20% of spine width at tip), and (3) occupy the distal twothirds of the pectoralfin spine shaft, versus restricted to distal quarter of spine shaft in other species of Hisonotus .
DESCRIPTION: Descriptive morphometric and meristic data are provided in table 1 View TABLE 1 . Adult body size moderate (N = 126; mean 28.3 mm SL, range 26–39). Body relatively stocky, greatest body depth at supraoccipital, 17.7–19.6 [17.6]% SL, slightly deeper than depth at dorsalfin origin; caudal peduncle deep, 13.0–14.9 [14.1]% SL. Head moderately narrow, cleithral width 21.8–25.4 [23.3]% SL. Dorsal profile of head from snout tip to supraoccipital convex, anterior to nostrils slightly depressed, between eyes slightly convex. Crosssectional profile of supraoccipital gently convex. Snout tip rounded in dorsal view. Eyes placed dorsolaterally, horizontal eye diameter 5.6–6.8 [5.6]% SL, larger than suborbital depth. Iris diverticulum present, large, its length twothirds of pupil diameter.
Lips papillose, posterior margin fimbriate. Maxillary barbels short. Jaw teeth bifid, major cusp slender, blade tip rounded; minor cusp minute, pointed. Relatively few jaw teeth, 11–16 (mode, 12) on premaxilla, 9–14 (mode, 12) on dentary; accessory teeth (sensu Reis and Schaefer, 1992) absent.
Body covered by dermal plates except for area around anus, skin covering lateral opening of swimbladder capsule, base of paired fins, area between pectoral girdle and lower lip, and snout anterior to nostrils. Lateral and anterior rostral plates reflected ventrally. Trunk plates arranged in five lateral series (fig. 2A): (1) dorsal series continuous; (2) middorsal series discontinuous; (3) median series 23–24, incomplete, discontinuous, composed by anterior sector of 1–3 plates and posterior sector of 16–18 plates, separated by gap; (4) midventral series incomplete, continuous; and (5) ventral series incomplete, continuous. Lateralline canal incomplete, discontinuous, with anterior field of 1–4 [4] canalbearing plates along anterior sector of median series, and posterior field of 1–3 [3] plates along posterior sector of median series. Abdomen partly covered by plates variable in size and shape, arranged in paired lateral series of 3–6 [6/4] plates each, and a median series of 3–6 [6] plates. Anal fin preceded by 4 paired lateral plates, variably contacting antimeres at midline. Coracoids and cleithra exposed ventrally, except for area at midline and surrounding arrector fossae.
Odontodes covering head, trunk, and fin rays. Head and trunk odontodes uniformly distributed, not arranged in distinct longitudinal lines or forming keels. Odontodes generally small, except for enlarged odontodes on ventral aspect of pelvic and pectoral spines, anterior rostral margin of snout, and tuft at posterior supraoccipital tip, not elevated above level of plate posterior to supraoccipital. Odontodes along anterior margin of snout biserially arranged, dorsad and ventrad series separated by narrow odontodefree area covered by pad of soft tissue; ventrad series composed of a continuous row of enlarged and laterally faceted odontodes and paired lateral patch of smaller, conical odontodes (fig. 3).
Dorsalfin origin slightly posterior to vertical through pelvicfin origin. Adipose fin absent. Pectoral fin, when depressed, overlapping nearly twothirds of pelvicfin length; serrae along distal twothirds of posterior margin of pectoralfin spine, robust (tooth height approximately 40 –50% of spine width at tip) (fig. 2B). Pelvic fin, when depressed, reaching beyond analfin origin only in males (see SEXUAL DIMORPHISM, below).
OSTEOLOGY: The following is not an exhaustive description, but an account of character states present in the new species for features that have been treated in recent phylogenetic analyses ( Schaefer, 1991, 1998). Mesethmoid tip bearing small, uncinate process directed ventrally; mesethmoid disk separated from mesethmoid tip by onequarter disk width. Parasphenoid shaft, posterior to lateral processes, laterally constricted. Pterotic bone fenestrae relatively few in number, expanded and rounded, restricted to anteroventral part of compound pterotic. Swimbladdercapsule lateral opening wide.
Upper pharyngeal tooth plate dentition with narrow extension anteriorly. Total vertebrae 27. Vertebral centra 10–15 with bifid neural spines, 15–18 with bifid hemal spines; distal portions of neural and hemal spines tapering distally, widely separated from one another. Seventh vertebral centrum not expanded anterior to dorsalfin first proximal radial; anterior margin of seventh vertebral centrum simple.
Posterior margin of caudalfin skeleton straight or with slight median notch. Dorsalfin spinelet small, roughly triangular; dorsalfin locking mechanism absent. Dorsalfin first three proximal radials with transverse process expanded.
COLOR IN ALCOHOL: Ground color of dorsolateral surfaces of head and body light brown, lighter on rostral margin of snout, ventrolateral edge of cheek, area anterior to nostrils, and opercular region. Nostril flap dark brown. Dorsum of body with brown pigmentation, having irregular patchy pattern. Trunk with irregular blotches. Ventral surface of head and trunk whitish, with clumped melanophores on abdomen, area surrounding anus, and lips. Pad of soft tissue between dorsad and ventrad series variably pigmented. Pectoralfin spine with six dark blotches. Branched rays of pectoral, dorsal, and anal fins mostly unpigmented. Caudalfin pigmentation of unbranched rays with series of dark blotches variable in number. Pigmentation of caudalfin branched rays variable, ranging from a welldefined pattern of ground color dark brown and a pair of lighter blotches of moderate size placed symmetrically relative to longitudinal axis (fig. 4, top), to a pattern of ground color dark brown, with a series of small light blotches on dorsal and ventral lobes variably connected between lobes forming light transverse bars (fig. 4, bottom).
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality, a creek in the río Quaraı´ , a tributary of the upper río Uruguay.
HABITAT: This species was collected from a small creek, ca. 0.5 m depth, with rapid current and clear water, bottom composed of rocks and sand, and with vegetated margins. Specimens of the new species were collected from around submerged rocks and aquatic plants (C. Roldán, personal commun.).
SEXUAL DIMORPHISM: Males smaller than females, mean standard length 26.9 (N = 58) versus 29.3 (N = 66). Genital papilla of males pointed; fleshy flap along posterior margin of pelvicfin spine of males. Males with longer pelvic fins (longest pelvicfin ray length 19.6–23.7% SL, versus 14.9–19.1% SL); distance from anus to analfin origin shorter (16.3–18.6%, versus 19.8–22.8% SL SL; fig. 2C, D). Pelvic fin not reaching anal fin origin in 85% of females (versus 7% of males); reaching first analfin ray in 15% of females (versus 35% of males); reaching beyond first analfin rays in no females (versus 58% of males).
ETYMOLOGY: Named after Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet (1914–1982), researcher and professor of the Museum of Natural Sciences of La Plata, Buenos Aires. Dr. Ringuelet’s vast career includes the publication of the book Los Peces de Agua Dulce de la República Argentina ( Ringuelet et al., 1967), which set the standard for systematics research conducted during the last decades of the 20th century in the Austral region of the Neotropics.
MATERIAL EXAMINED: Holotype: ILPLA 886 (35.8 mm, female), Uruguay, Rivera State, upper Uruguay River basin, Quaraí River drainage, creek at Km 18 of route joining Santana do Livramento , Brazil, and Rivera, Uruguay; close to border (ca. 31° 00' S, 55° 30'W). Coll. R. A. Ringuelet and C. Roldán, 24 July 1981. GoogleMaps
Paratypes: collected with holotype. ILPLA 883 (51 ♀ + 44 ♂, 26.0– 39.2 mm SL). GoogleMaps AMNH 230702 (3 ♀ + 2 ♂ + 3 cs, 23.3– 33.2 mm SL); ANSP 177878 (1 ♀ + 2 ♂ + 1 cs, 22.9–32.4 mm SL); FMNH 108806 (2 ♀ + 2 ♂, 25.7–32.2 mm SL); MCP 26154 (2 ♀ + 1 ♂ + 1 cs, 26.4–31.3 mm SL); MLP 9536 (2 ♀ + 2 ♂, 27.9–33.4 mm SL); MZUSP 62788 (1 ♀ + 2 ♂, 23.3–31.1 mm SL); USNM 362665 (2 ♀ + 2 ♂, 27.2–32.0 mm SL).
COMPARATIVE MATERIAL: Hisonotus sp. : FMNH 59635; USNM 206204, 297971, 235073, 300968, 235072, 345698, 345937. Hisonotus laevior: USNM 235075, 285894, 326112. Hisonotus leucofrenatus: FMNH 59628. Hisonotus maculipinnis: UMMZ 206297; USNM 176024. Hisonotus nigricauda: USNM 181550, 177537 (2 cs). Hisonotus notatus: FMNH 59636. Hisonotus paulinus: FMNH 59636. Hisonotus punctatus: MHNG 240825 (1 cs); UMMZ 206204 (1 cs). Hisonotus taimensis: ANSP 168949 (1 cs); USNM 235062. Microlepidogaster perforatus: ANSP 174718 (1 cs).
Males (N = 10) | Females (N = 10) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Holotype | Min | Max | Mean | SD | Min | Max | Mean | SD | |
Standard length | 35.8 | 26.8 | 30.1 | 28.4 | 1.12 | 27.5 | 35.5 | 31.93 | 2.56 |
PERCENT OF STANDARD LENGTH | |||||||||
Predorsal length | 45.5 | 46.4 | 48.0 | 46.9 | 0.47 | 46.8 | 49.5 | 47.63 | 0.94 |
Head length | 33.8 | 34.9 | 37.5 | 36.2 | 0.89 | 35.2 | 39.2 | 36.80 | 1.15 |
Cleithral width | 23.3 | 22.1 | 23.8 | 23.0 | 0.64 | 21.8 | 25.4 | 23.47 | 1.09 |
Dorsalfin spine length | 25.9 | 26.0 | 31.2 | 27.9 | 1.75 | 25.4 | 29.0 | 27.30 | 1.09 |
Trunk length | 16.2 | 15.2 | 19.0 | 17.0 | 1.07 | 15.1 | 18.6 | 16.61 | 1.10 |
Pectoralfin spine length | 25.6 | 23.9 | 27.9 | 26.3 | 1.41 | 25.9 | 28.2 | 27.09 | 0.70 |
Pelvicfin spine length | 14.6 | 19.6 | 23.7 | 21.2 | 1.41 | 14.9 | 19.1 | 17.56 | 1.36 |
Abdominal length | 17.2 | 17.5 | 21.4 | 19.6 | 1.19 | 17.4 | 20.1 | 19.02 | 0.83 |
Caudal peduncle length | 31.2 | 28.8 | 32.0 | 30.9 | 1.08 | 27.3 | 33.8 | 30.63 | 1.71 |
Caudal peduncle depth | 14.1 | 13.0 | 14.9 | 13.7 | 0.58 | 13.0 | 14.9 | 13.65 | 0.56 |
Head depth | 17.6 | 18.0 | 19.4 | 8.4 | 0.39 | 17.7 | 19.6 | 18.67 | 0.65 |
Snout length | 10.5 | 9.3 | 11.5 | 10.5 | 0.60 | 10.5 | 11.7 | 11.08 | 0.44 |
Horizontal eye diameter | 5.6 | 5.7 | 6.6 | 6.2 | 0.29 | 5.6 | 6.8 | 6.08 | 0.33 |
Least interorbital diameter | 13.9 | 13.5 | 16.4 | 15.0 | 0.99 | 14.2 | 17.0 | 15.19 | 0.83 |
PERCENT OF HEAD LENGTH | |||||||||
Head depth | 52.1 | 49.5 | 53.4 | 50.9 | 1.61 | 48.1 | 53.0 | 50.76 | 1.89 |
Snout length | 31.1 | 26.7 | 30.7 | 28.9 | 1.29 | 28.7 | 32.8 | 30.12 | 1.32 |
Horizontal eye diameter | 16.7 | 15.8 | 18.8 | 17.1 | 0.97 | 15.3 | 17.5 | 16.52 | 0.73 |
Least interorbital diameter | 41.0 | 38.2 | 44.9 | 41.5 | 2.41 | 38.7 | 44.4 | 41.28 | 1.71 |
COUNTS | |||||||||
Left lateral plates | 24 | 23 | 25 | 24.1 | 0.57 | 24 | 24 | 24.0 | 0 |
Right lateral plates | 23 | 24 | 25 | 24.1 | 0.32 | 23 | 25 | 24.0 | 0.67 |
Predorsal plates | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3.0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 3.0 | 0 |
Left premaxillary teeth | 13 | 11 | 14 | 12.4 | 0.84 | 12 | 16 | 13.3 | 1.25 |
Right premaxillary teeth | 12 | 11 | 15 | 12.3 | 1.49 | 12 | 16 | 13.8 | 1.14 |
Left dentary teeth | 11 | 9 | 12 | 11.2 | 1.14 | 10 | 14 | 12.2 | 1.40 |
Right dentary teetha | 14 | 9 | 13 | 11.0 | 1.33 | 11 | 15 | 12.6 | 1.24 |
Dorsalfin branched rays | 6 | 6 | 7 | 6.4 | 0.52 | 6 | 7 | 6.4 | 0.52 |
Pectoralfin branched rays | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5.0 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 5.0 | 0 |
Pelvicfin branched rays | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5.0 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 5.0 | 0 |
Analfin branched rays | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4.0 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 4.0 | 0 |
Caudalfin branched rays | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14.0 | 0 | 14 | 14 | 14.0 | 0 |
TABLE 1
Morphometric and Meristic Data for Hisonotus ringueleti
a N = 9 for females.
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