Callibaetis capixaba, Cruz & Salles & Hamada, 2009

Cruz, P. V., Salles, F. F. & Hamada, N., 2009, Two new species of Callibaetis Eaton (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from Southeastern Brazil, Zootaxa 2261 (1), pp. 23-38 : 31-37

Callibaetis capixaba sp. n.

( Figs. 27–52 )

Male Imago. Maximum length: Body 8.6 mm; cerci 9 mm; forewing 6.9 mm; hind wing 1.2 mm; antenna 0.7 mm; tibia I 2.1 mm; tibia II 0.8 mm.

Head. Coloration brown. Turbinate portion of compound eyes dorsally dark brown, stalk brown ( Figs. 27–28 ). Antenna with apex of scape and pedicel dark brown, flagellum brownish.

Dorsal portion of turbinate eyes oval ( Fig. 27 ); length 1.8 × width; stalk height 0.9 × width of dorsal portion; inner margins parallel, not touching each other.

Thorax ( Figs. 27–28 ). Anteronotal protuberance and medioscutum dark brown; submesoscutum whitish brown; posterior scutal protuberance brown; scutellum brown.

Anteronotal protuberance rounded.

Metascutellar protuberance pointed dorsally.

Legs. Femur I with trachea pigmented in posterior surface and one brown spot subapically, tibia and tarsi I light brown; femur II and III light brown, tibia II and III light brown, tarsi II and III light brown. Leg I: tibia 1.3x length of femur; tarsi 1.1 × length of femur; and with 4 segments decreasing in length apically. Leg II and III: tibia 1.1 × length of femur; tarsi 0.6 × length of femur.

Wings. Forewing hyaline; veins light brown; stigmatic area with three cross veins touching subcostal vein and six or seven veins not touching subcostal vein ( Fig. 29 ); marginal intercalaries paired, except between veins ICu1 and A; length of each intercalary vein 0.5 × distance between adjacent longitudinal veins; length of forewing about 2.5 × width.

Hind wing hyaline with three complete longitudinal veins ( Fig. 30 ); costal process rounded located on basal third.

Abdome. Terga brown, anterolaterally light brown; tracheation black. Sterna light brown with many red spots, one red mark laterally and other sublaterally, medially with brown mark. Caudal filaments white, base and apex of every segment dark brown.

Genitalia. Forceps segment I light yellowish brown, segment II light yellowish brown, segment III light yellowish ( Fig. 31 ). Forceps segment I wide at base and with small distomedial projection 0.4 × length of segment II; distance between base of forceps 0.2 × distance between lateral margins of forceps. Forceps segment II narrow medially. Forceps segment III oval, 0.5 × as long as wide; 0.1 × length of segment II. Posterior margin of styliger plate straight, with wide and small dorsal projection.

Female Imago. Maximal length: body 7.8 mm; cerci 12 mm; forewing 7.3 mm; hind wing 1 mm; antenna 0.9 mm; tibia II 1 mm; tibia III 1 mm.

Head. Coloration brown with whitish medial marks ( Fig. 32 ); compound eyes greenish black with longitudinal brown line. Antenna with apex of scape and pedicel dark brown, flagellum brownish.

Thorax ( Fig. 32 ). Anteronotal protuberance brown; medioscutum brown; submesoescutum white; posterior scutal protuberance brown; scutellum whitish brown.

Anteronotal protuberance rounded.

Metascutellar protuberance pointed.

Legs. Femur II and III with trachea pigmented in posterior surface, one brown spot subapically; tibia II and III light brown; tarsi II and II light brown. Leg II tibia 0.6 × length of femur; tarsi 0.5 × length of femur. Leg III tibia 0.6 × length of femur; tarsi 0.5 × length of femur.

Wings. Forewing hyaline; veins brown; stigmatic area with six cross veins touching subcostal vein and with minimum of one vein not touching subcostal vein ( Fig. 33 ); marginal intercalaries paired, except between veins CuA and A; length of each intercalary vein 0.4 × distance between adjacent longitudinal veins; length of forewing about 2.6 × width.

Hind wing hyaline; two complete longitudinal veins and one incomplete, not reaching apex of hind wing ( Fig. 34 ); costal process rounded, located on basal third.

Abdomen. Terga dark brown with red spots medially ( Fig. 32 ). Tracheation black. Sterna reddish brown with many red spots, one red mark laterally and sublaterally ( Fig. 35 ). Caudal filaments white, base and apex of every segment dark brown.

Mature nymph. Length of body: 7.5 mm; cerci: 3.2 mm; terminal filament: 2.6 mm.

Head. Turbinate portion of male compound eyes yellowish brown.

Antenna ( Fig. 36 ) with spines and fine, simple setae on apex of each segment. Lateral branch of epicranial suture curved. Frontal keel absent.

Labrum. Excavate medially; length about 0.9 × maximum width; distal margin with deep V shaped medial emargination ( Fig. 37a ); with lateral setae long, fine and simple; anterolateral setae long, fine and apically bifid; medial setae, short, robust and apically bifid ( Fig. 37b ); dorsally with long, fine, simple setae scattered over surface; submarginal row of setae absent; ventrally with short, spine-like setae near lateral and anterolateral margin.

Right mandible ( Fig. 38 ). Incisors cleft in two sets, inner and outer set of incisors respectively with 4 + 4 denticles; prostheca slender, bifurcated at middle, inner lobe long, outer short; margin between prostheca and mola straight with tuft of setae; tuft of spine-like setae at base of mola present; tuft of setae at apex of mola present; lateral margins slightly convex; basal half with short, fine, simple setae scattered over dorsal surface.

Left mandible ( Fig. 39 ). Incisors cleft in two sets; inner and outer set of incisors respectively with 4 + 4 denticles; prostheca robust and bifid; margin between prostheca and mola straight with tuft of setae; tuft of spine-like setae at base of mola present; subtriangular process wide, at the same level as area between prostheca and mola; denticles of mola not constricted; tuft of setae at apex of mola absent; lateral margins slightly convex; basal half with short, fine, simple setae scattered over dorsal surface.

Hypopharynx ( Fig. 40 ). Lingua with three lobes on distal margin; superlingua not expanded; short, fine, simple setae scattered over distal margin of lingua and superlingua.

Maxilla. Crown of galea-lacinia with three denticles; double row of setae with two pectinate denti-setae ( Fig. 41a ). Medial protuberance of galea with 1 + 7 spine-like setae. Maxillary palp reaching apex of galealacinia; palp segment II 0.7 × length of segment I; segment I of maxillary palp with long, fine and simple setae on over surface ( Fig. 41b ).

Labium. Glossa broad and shorter than paraglossa ( Fig. 42a ); inner margin with 14 spine-like setae increasing in length apically; apex with 3–5 long spine-like setae; outer margin with many long spine-like setae. Ventral surface scattered with long, fine, simple setae and one robust, short pectinated spine-like setae near apical margin ( Fig. 42b ). Paraglossa sub-retangular, curved truncated at apex ( Fig. 42a ); apex with many short, fine and simple setae. Ventrally with many long, fine and simple setae. Labial palp with segment I 0.9 × length of segments II and III combined; segment I bare, covered with micropores as in Fig. 42a ; inner and outer margin with seven spine-like setae and few short, fine, simple setae; dorsally with row of three fine and simple setae; segment III concave length 1.4 × width covered with spine-like simple setae along margins and fine, simple setae, scattered over outer surface.

Thorax. Pronotum with yellowish three blackish spots, one near midline, one near lateral margin, and one between them; mesonotum yellowish with brown and light brown marks; metanotum yellowish with brown and dark brown marks.

Foreleg. Basal half with brown mark. Ratio of foreleg 1.5: 1 (0.8mm): 0.8: 0.5. Femur ( Figs. 43a ). Length about 0.2 × maximum width; dorsally with row of short, spine-like setae; length of setae about 0.1x maximum width of femur; apex with two robust spine-like setae; ventrally with few long, fine and simple setae. Anterior surface with robust spine-like setae near dorsal margin and robust three and two-pointed spine-like setae near ventral margin ( Fig. 43b ). Tibia. Dorsally bare; ventrally with one row of short, spine-like setae. Anterior surface with few short, robust spine-like setae. Tibio-patelar suture present. Tarsus. dorsally bare; ventrally one row of spine-like setae and one row of three–pointed spine-like setae ( Fig. 43c ). Tarsal claw with two rows of denticles increasing in size distally ( Fig. 43d ).

Middle and hind leg. Femora without robust three-pointed spine-like setae near ventral margin ( Fig. 44a ). Claw with two rows of minute denticles ( Fig. 44b ).

Abdomen. Yellowish washed with brown or light brown with brown and/or dark brown spots on all segments; lateral transversal brown mark on segments II to VII; segments III, V, VII and IX darker ( Fig. 45 ). Abdominal tubercles absent. Terga surface without scales or scale-bases. Posterior margin with regular spines, 3 × as long as wide. Sterna. Surface with scattered fine, simple setae. Segments with posterior margin with spines: I–IX ( Fig. 46 ).

Gills. On segments I–VII. Margin with short, fine and simple setae; tracheae pigmented, extending from main trunk to outer margin. Gill I subequal in length to segment II ( Fig. 47 ); with one fold; trachea pigmented. Gill IV as long as length of segments V to half VI combined ( Fig. 48 ); with one fold. Gill VII subequal in length to segment VIII ( Fig. 49 ); with one fold.

Paraproct with 25–30 marginal spines; surface with micropores and short fine, simple setae ( Fig. 50 ); postero-lateral extension with minute marginal spines.

Inner margin of cercus and inner and outer margins of terminal filament with tufts of long setae ( Fig. 51– 52 ). Caudal filaments ( Fig. 52 ) white with brown mark on each three segments; posterior margin of segments with spines on each segment.

Diagnosis: C. capixaba sp. n. can be distinguished from other species in the genus by the following combination of characters:

In the male imagines: 1) dorsal portion of turbinate eyes ( Fig. 27 ) oval, inner margins parallel, not touching each other; 2) forewing hyaline ( Fig. 29 ); 3) marginal intercalaries paired, except between veins ICu1 and A; 4) length of each intercalary vein 0.5 × distance between adjacent longitudinal veins; 5) hind wing hyaline with three complete longitudinal veins ( Fig. 30 ); 6) costal process rounded; 7) sterna light brown with many red spots, one red mark laterally and other sublaterally, medially with brown mark; 8) forceps segment I wide at base and with small distomedial projection ( Fig. 31 ); 9) forceps segment III oval, 0,5x as long as wide ( Fig. 31 ).

In female imagines: 1) forewing hyaline ( Fig. 33 ); 2) marginal intercalaries paired, except between veins CuA and A; 3) hind wing hyaline, two complete longitudinal veins and one incomplete, not reaching apex of hind wing ( Fig. 34 ); 4) costal process rounded; 5) sterna reddish brown with many red spots, one red mark laterally and sublaterally ( Fig. 35 ).

In the nymph: 1) antenna with spines and fine simple setae on apex of each segment ( Fig. 36 ); 2) labrum excavate medially ( Fig. 37a ), distal margin with deep “V” shaped medial emargination; with lateral setae long, fine and simple; 3) anterolateral setae long, fine and apically bifid; medial setae short, robust and apically bifid ( Fig. 37b ); 4) glossa broad and shorter than paraglossa ( Fig. 42a ); 5) labial palp with outer margin with few short, fine, simple setae ( Fig. 42a ); 6) anterior surface of fore femur with robust spine-like setae near dorsal margin and robust three and two-pointed spine-like setae near ventral margin ( Fig. 43b ); 7) fore tarsus dorsally bare; ventrally one row of spine-like setae and one row of three-pointed spine-like setae ( Fig. 43c ); 8) mid and hind leg with femur without robust three-pointed spine-like setae near ventral margin; 9) mid and hind claws with two rows of minute denticles ( Fig. 44b ); 10) gill VII subequal in length to segment VIII ( Fig. 48 ); with one fold; 11) caudal filaments with posterior margin of segments with spines on each segment ( Fig. 50 ).

Etymology. After “ Capixaba,” the name by which people born in the state of Espírito Santo are known.

Material examined. Holotype, female imago with corresponding nymphal exuviae, BRAZIL, Espírito Santo State, Santa Teresa County, (19º 52' 30,9''S; 40º 32' 07,4''W), pool, sand, 26/x/ 2008, Salles, F.F. col. Paratypes: one male (reared), 20 nymphs, same data as holotype. One male and one female (both reared), Espírito Santo State, Santa Teresa County, Reserva Biológica Augusto Ruschi (19º 55' 30,1''S; 40º 33' 21,9''W), pool, sand, 26/ii/ 2009, Salles, F.F. col. Holotype and 2 paratypes housed at UFES .

Figures

FIGURES 27–35. Callibaetis capixaba sp. n. Male imago: 27, dorsal view; 28, lateral view; 29, forewing; 30, hind wing; 31, genitalia. Female imago: 32, dorsal body view; 33, forewing; 34, hind wing; 35, ventral body view.

FIGURES 36–42. Callibaetis capixaba sp. n. Nymphs. 36, antennae; 37a, labrum left d.v., right v.v.; 37b, anterior margin of labrum; 38, right mandible d.v.; 39, left mandible d.v.; 40, hypopharynx d.v.; 41a, maxilla d.v.; 41b, galealacinia detail; 42a, labium left d.v, right v.v.; 42b, glossa detail v.v.

FIGURES 43–44. Callibaetis capixaba sp. n. Nymphs. Legs: 43a, fore leg; 43b, anterior surface of fore femur near ventral margin; 43c, fore tibia ventral detail; 43d, fore claw; 44a, hind leg; 44b, hind claw.

FIGURES 45–52. Callibaetis capixaba sp. n. Nymphs. Abdominal structures: 45, dorsal body view (exuvia); 46, posterior margin of terga IV; 47, gill I; 48, gill IV; 49, gill VII; 50, paraproct; 51, cercus; 52, terminal filament.