Parapolycope miurensis, Tanaka & Tsukagoshi & Karanovic, 2014

Tanaka, Hayato, Tsukagoshi, Akira & Karanovic, Ivana, 2014, Molecular phylogeny of interstitial Polycopidae ostracods (Crustacea) and descriptions of a new genus and four new species, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 172 (2), pp. 282-317 : 307-313

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.1111/zoj.12176
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10542096
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AEFF7E-FFE9-FFB9-FF68-F1B8FD859107
treatment provided by	Marcus
scientific name	Parapolycope miurensis
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

PARAPOLYCOPE MIURENSIS View in CoL SP. NOV. ( FIGS 24–30 View Figure 24 View Figure 25 View Figure 26 View Figure 27 View Figure 28 View Figure 29 View Figure 30 )

Type series

Holotype: adult male (SUM-CO-2236), right valve length 280 μm and height 207 μm, left valve length 273 μm and height 205 μm, soft parts mounted on slide and valves preserved in a cardboard cell slide, Paratypes: ten adult males (SUM-CO-2237–2246) and eight adult females (SUM-CO-2247–2254).

Type locality

The holotype specimen was collected from the sandy beach (Maguchi Beach) near the Maguchi fishing port, Miura City, Kanagawa Prefecture, on the Pacific coast of central Japan, 35°08′45′′N, 139°40′48′′E ( Fig. 1D View Figure 1 ), on 25 May 2009; interstitial environment at 30 cm below the sand surface at low tide shoreline. The substrate consisted mainly of coarse sand with shell fragments GoogleMaps .

Diagnosis

Carapace nearly elliptical in lateral view. Carapace surface covered with a number of shallow pits. Ser- ration along anterior margin with 25 and 23 sharp processes on right valve and left valve, respectively. Anterodorsal part of male upper lip with slender, tapering spine curving around anterior to ventral margin. Basis of fifth limb bearing three dorsal plumose setae. Uropodal projection of male short, straight, covered with numerous small spinules or barbs. Male copulatory organ consisting of a wavy tube.

Description of adult male

Carapace ( Figs 24 View Figure 24 , 25A–E View Figure 25 , 26 View Figure 26 ). Right valve length 253– 280 μm and height 188–207 μm, left valve length 244– 273 μm and height 185–205 μm ( Table 5). Carapace nearly elliptical in lateral view. Carapace surface covered with a number of shallow pits ( Fig. 25A, B View Figure 25 ). Serration along anterior margin with 25 and 23 sharp processes on right valve and left valve, respectively ( Fig. 24 View Figure 24 ). Adductor muscle scars round and consisting of three closely spaced scars ( Fig. 25A, B View Figure 25 ). Marginal infold of each valve developed along anterior to posteroventral margins ( Figs 25C, D View Figure 25 , 26B, G, H, N View Figure 26 ). Along inner margin of right valve, bar and groove on anterodorsal to dorsal end ( Fig. 26A View Figure 26 ), one socket (part of hinge structure) developed at dorsal end ( Fig. 26C View Figure 26 ), posterior bar and groove on mid-dorsal to posterior end ( Fig. 26D, E View Figure 26 ), bar and groove on posterior to mid-posteroventral end ( Fig. 26F View Figure 26 ). Along inner margin of left valve, bar on anterodorsal to dorsal end ( Fig. 26I View Figure 26 ), one knob (part of hinge structure) developed at dorsal end ( Fig. 26J View Figure 26 ), bar on middorsal to posterior end ( Fig. 26K, L View Figure 26 ), and bar along posteroventral margin ( Fig. 26M View Figure 26 ).

Bellonci organ. Absent.

Upper lip ( Figs 27A View Figure 27 , 28A, B View Figure 28 ). Distal part with slender spine extending from anterior to ventral margins.

Antennula ( Fig. 27B View Figure 27 ). Uniramous, four articulated podomeres. First podomere quadrate, with tufts of setulae on dorsal margin, lateral surface. Second podomere almost same length as first podomere, proximal two-thirds of dorsal cuticle thick and with inward bulge, with one annulated setulous seta at dorsoproximal end, one cluster of setae on distal third of dorsal margin, setulae on dorsoproximal and dorsodistal margins, and two tufts of setulae on lateral surface. Third podomere about three-quarters as long as first podomere, with one short seta at dorsodistal end and five ventrodistal setae consisting of one with large, disc-shaped sucker, one with minute setulae, one with comb-like setulae, and two annulated setae. Fourth podomere small, with five long annulated setae.

Antenna ( Fig. 27C, C′ View Figure 27 ). Typically biramous, with exopodite and endopodite consisting of nine and three podomeres, respectively. Basis rectangular, tapered distally. Exopodite: first podomere one-third as long as basis. Second podomere one-fifth as long as first podomere; podomere length decreasing in size from third to eighth, each podomere with one long annulated seta; ninth (distal-most) podomere very small, with one long annulated seta at proximal, one medium annulated seta with short process and setulae, and one short annulated seta at distal end. Endopodite ( Fig. 27C′ View Figure 27 ): first podomere about one-third as long as basis. Second podomere twothirds as long as first podomere, with three setae along dorsal margin consisting of one medium and two short, and five annulated setae at distal consisting of two long and three medium. Third podomere one-quarter as long as first podomere, with one stout, hook-shaped claw extending backward, one long annulated seta at ventral margin, and two long and one short annulated setae at distal end.

Mandibula ( Fig. 27D View Figure 27 ). Coxal endite with four sharp teeth. Basis with three plumose annulated setae on ventral margin and one plumose seta on dorsal margin. Endopodite consisting of two podomeres. First podomere with one plumose seta on ventral margin near proximal end and two long plumose annulated setae at dorsodistal end. Second podomere very small with setulae on dorsal margin, bearing one medially plumose and one claw-like setulous seta.

Maxillula ( Fig. 27E, E′ View Figure 27 , E″). Precoxa ( Fig. 27E′ View Figure 27 ) with eight plumose setae of different lengths. Coxa ( Fig. 27E View Figure 27 ″) with one short and one medium plumose seta on lateral surface near ventroproximal margin and ventral middle margin, respectively, and one medium and one long plumose seta on ventral margin. Basis with one medium and two long plumose setae on ventral margin, and setulae along dorsal margin. First podomere of endopodite with one setulous seta dorsodistally, and two long annulated setae at ventroproximal margin. Second podomere, with two long annulated setulous setae, and two long, stout setulous setae with few bilateral spines. Exopodite consisting of two podomeres. First podomere with setulae along dorsal margin. Second podomere with one very long, stout setulous seta, one long setulous setae, two long annulated setae, three long setae on ventral margin, and one tuft of setulae on dorsal margin.

Fifth limb ( Fig. 27F View Figure 27 ). Coxa bearing epipodite with 12 long plumose setae, and two short setulous setae on dorsodistal margin. Basis with three plumose setae along dorsal margin and one slender setulous seta on ventral margin. Endopodite with two long plumose setae. Exopodite with one stout setulous seta.

Uropod ( Figs 28A, B View Figure 28 , 29A View Figure 29 ). Left lamella with three stout claws, one short proximal spine dorsally, and two rows of setae on anteroventral surface. Right lamella with four stout claws, one short proximal spine dor- sally, and one ventrodistally situated, medium uropodal projection with a number of short spines.

Male copulatory organ ( Fig. 29A View Figure 29 ). Arising from outer surface of body on left side of terminal trunk segment as a long, slender, curved tube.

Description of adult female

Mandibula, maxillula, and fifth limb similar to those of adult male.

Carapace ( Fig. 25F–J View Figure 25 ). Right valve length 282– 303 μm and height 206–220 μm, left valve length 276– 293 μm and height 207–217 μm ( Table 5).

Upper lip ( Fig. 30A View Figure 30 ). Semicircular in lateral view with very small dorsal protrusion. A number of setae on ventral lateral surface.

Antennula ( Fig. 30B View Figure 30 ). Uniramous, four articulated podomeres. First podomere quadrate, with tufts of setulae on dorsal margin, lateral surface. Second podomere about 1.5 × as long as first podomere, proximal two-thirds of dorsal cuticle thick and with inward bulge, with one annulated setulous seta at dorsoproximal end, one cluster of setae on distal third of dorsal margin, setulae on dorsoproximal and dorsodistal margins quadrate, with tufts of setulae on dorsal margin, lateral surface, and ventrodistal end. Third podomere about half as long as first podomere, with two short setulous and one simple setae at distal end. Fourth podomere small, with five long annulated setae.

Antenna ( Fig. 30C View Figure 30 ). Only second and third podomeres of endopodite differing from those of adult male. Second

LV, left valve; RV, right valve.

podomere with one setulous seta on dorsodistal end and five annulated setae at distal end consisting of three long, one long with some filaments, and one medium. Third podomere one-quarter as long as first podomere, one long annulated seta at ventral margin, and two long annulated and one short setae at distal end.

Uropod ( Fig. 29B View Figure 29 ). Each lamella with four claws and one short proximal spine dorsally. Both lamella with three spines and three rows of setae on anteroventral surface.

Female copulatory organ ( Fig. 29B View Figure 29 ). Female spermatheca possessing finely corrugated structure in lateral view.

Dimensions

See Table 5.

Distribution

So far known only from the type locality.

Etymology

This species is named after the type locality, the Miura peninsula.

Remarks

The carapace and appendage morphologies of Pa. miurensis sp. nov. are very similar to those of Pa. subtidalis sp. nov. However, the two species can be distinguished by the male upper lip morphology. In Pa. subtidalis the male upper lip bears an anterior protrusion on the distal part, whereas there is no such projection in Pa. miurensis . The chaetotaxy of the basis of the fifth limb is also different (two setae in Pa. subtidalis vs. three in Pa. miurensis ).