Physiomorphus subcostulatus Pollock, 2000

Pollock, D. A., Ide, S. & Costa, C., 2000, Review of the Neotropical genus Physiomorphus Pic (Coleoptera: Mycteridae: Lacconotinae), with description of the larvae of three species, Journal of Natural History 34 (12), pp. 2209-2239 : 2215-2222

Physiomorphus subcostulatus Pollock sp. n.

( Figures 1 ±14, 16, 18±27, 36, 51±52, 60, 69)

HOLOTYPE, l(larval, prepupal and pupal exuviae in 70% ethanol), dissected, labelled:`21/ BRAZIL, SaÄo Paulo , Botucatu, RubiaÄo JuÂnior, 11± 13.vi.1993, S. Bellusci and S. Ide leg.’, in MZSP . PARATYPES ,, l labelled:` BRAZIL, SaÄo Paulo , Botucatu, RubiaÄo JuÂnior, 11 ± 13.vi.1993, S. Bellusci and S. Ide leg.’, in MZSP ; m, labelled:`12/ BRASIL, SaÄo Paulo , Botucatu, RubiaÄo JuÂnior, 11± 13.vi.1993, S. Bellusci and S. Ide cols.’, in MZSP ; l(prepupal and pupal exuviae in 70% ethanol), labelled:`15/ BRASIL, SaÄo Paulo , Botucatu, RubiaÄo JuÂnior, 11± 13.vi.1993, S. Bellusci and S. Ide cols.’, in IBSP ; m (larval exuviae in 70% ethanol), labelled:`16/ BRASIL, SaÄo Paulo , Botucatu, RubiaÄo JuÂnior, 11± 13.vi.1993, S. Bellusci and S. Ide cols.’, in MZSP ; l(prepupal and pupal exuviae in 70% ethanol), labelled:`23/ BRASIL, SaÄo Paulo , Botucatu, RubiaÄo JuÂnior, 11± 13.vi.1993, S. Bellusci and S. Ide cols.’, in MZSP ;? l(larval, prepupal and pupal exuviae in 70% ethanol), labelled:`25/ BRASIL, SaÄo Paulo , Botucatu, RubiaÄo JuÂnior, 11± 13.vi.1993, S. Bellusci and S. Ide cols.’, in MZSP ; m (prepupal exuviae in 70% ethanol), labelled:`35/ BRASIL, SaÄo Paulo , Botucatu, RubiaÄo JuÂnior, 11± 13.vi.1993, S. Bellusci and S. Ide cols.’, in MZSP .

NEPIONOTYPE (in 70% ethanol), labelled:` BRASIL, SaÄo Paulo , Botucatu, RubiaÄo JuÂnior, 11± 13.vi.1993, S. Bellusci and S. Ide cols.’, in MZSP . PARANEPIONOTYPES (in 70% ethanol), 25 larvae labelled:` BRASIL, SaÄo Paulo , Botucatu, RubiaÄo JuÂnior, 11± 13.vi.1993, S. Bellusci and S. Ide cols.’, four in IBSP , 21 in MZSP.

NEANOTYPE (in 70% ethanol, associated with prepupal exuviae), labelled:`19/ BRASIL, SaÄo Paulo , Botucatu, RubiaÄo JuÂnior, 11± 13.vi.1993, S. Bellusci and S. Ide cols.’ in MZSP . PARANEANOTYPE (in 70% ethanol, associated with larval and prepupal exuviae), labelled:`18/ BRASIL, SaÄo Paulo , Botucatu, RubiaÄo JuÂnior, 11± 13.vi.1993, S. Bellusci and S. Ide cols.’, in MZSP .

Derivation of speci W c epithet Named for the faintly raised, longitudinal costae on the elytra of this species.

Diagnosis, adult

This species may be separated from its congeners by the following diagnostic combination: body colour uniformly brown, without contrasting colour between forebody and elytra; lateral margins of pronotum evenly arcuate; elytra with faintly raised, longitudinal costae;

Description, adult

Characters of Physiomorphus , with the following speci®c features: Body relatively stout (TL/GEW 2.82±3.01), subparallel-sided. Head relatively long (GHW/HL 0.96); scape relatively elongate, parallel-sided; antennomere 2 moniliform, half length of scape; antennomere 3 ®liform; antennomeres 4±10 submoniliform to moniliform, very slightly serrated (especially antennomere 5±10); antennomere 11 relatively short, indistinctly narrowed near midlength; last maxillary palpomere slightly expanded, securiform. Pronotum moderately wide (GPW/PL 1.42±1.43), distinctly wider than head (GPW/GHW 1.16±1.18); lateral margins of disc relatively straight to slightly arcuate to near midlength, then slightly sinuate to anterior margin; discal depressions relatively shallow, subovate, well-de®ned; punctation coarse and dense, not umbilicate; setation sparse. Elytra moderately convex, with suggestions of multiple, longitudinal costae; vestiture relatively short and sparse, not obscuring relatively ®ne and dense punctation; apical binding patch slightly visible dorsally. Abdomen. Sexual setae long and dense, slightly reddish, projected posteriorly, almost parallel to ventrite 2; male genitalia with parameres with moderately deep sinuation near apex, beginning in distal third. Colour. Body uniformly piceous, antennae somewhat darker than dorsum of head; legs and abdominal ventrites dark rufous.

Description, mature larva (®gures 1±6, 8±14, 16, 18±20)

Note. this is the only species of Physiomorphus for which a detailed description of immature stages is given; information on immature stages for following species is diagnostic only and should be compared to that presented for P. subcostulatus , below.

Length: 14.3 mm, width: 1.7 mm at abdominal segment IV. Body (®gures 1±2) strongly ¯attened, narrow at thorax, posterior region slightly converging; integument almost smooth, transparent, head and urogomphal plate yellowish brown; pilosity scattered, mainly on mouthparts, legs and laterals, body setae moderately elongate and ®ne. Head strongly protracted and prognathous; transversely enlarged about middle, converging anteriorly and posteriorly; with many ®ne punctures; posterior margin with a large and convex notch. Epicranial plate on dorsal side (®gure 6) with three pairs of moderately long setae, two pairs of short setae and four pairs of posterior microsetae, a pair of short scars arising from posterior margin; ventral side (®gure 3) with three pairs of setae. Coronal suture absent. Frontal suture (®gure 6) lyriform, anterolateral branches almost reaching antennifer; laterals with two pairs of stemmata. Frons with two pairs of setae; frontoclypeal suture curvate posteriad. Clypeus roughly trapezoidal; postclypeus ®nely punctate, with pair of short setae; anteclypeus with two lateral sensilla. Antenna (®gures 4±5) 3-segmented, segments cylindrical; scape broader and almost as long as pedicel, with ®ve sensilla (three dorsal, two ventral), nine setae (six dorsal, three ventral) on distal region; pedicel with three sensilla; sensory appendix dome like, a short seta adjacent to sensory appendix; ¯agellum narrower and shorter than pedicel, with one sensillum, and four subapical setae (two dorsal, two ventral), apex with one long and one short setae. Labrum (®gure 9) transverse, subrectangular, anterior margin bearing stout setae, anterior angle with three pairs of long and two pairs of short setae, median region with a transverse band of sensilla. Epipharnyx (®gure 8) with anterior and lateral margins possessing seven pairs of distinct setae; a roughly convex semicircular setose band around median region; median region with seven microsensilla and a pair of stout setae; posterior region with 10 rounded microsensilla on median area. Mandible (®gures 10±11) symmetrical; apex tridentate, with two subapical teeth on dorsal margin; mola slightly concave, asperate on ventral side; external side with two stout setae and some rounded microsensilla. Maxilla (®gures 12±13) with cardo partially membranous, sclerotized area with two microsetae and two microsensilla, membranous area with many microsensilla; stipes ventrally (®gure 12) with some sensilla, short setae and four elongate setae, membranous at palpifer and basal regions; dorsally (®gure 13) with two groups of membranous spines; mala excised distally, uncus contiguous to mala excision, distal and mesal margins bearing stout setae mainly on dorsal side; palp 3-segmented, segments cylindrical, increasing in length and narrowing from basal to distal, segment 1 with three short setae and two sensilla on ventral side, segment 2 with three elongate setae (one dorsal, two ventral) and three ventral sensilla, segment 3 with one digitiform peg and ®ve ventral sensilla. Labium (®gure 12): prementum with some microsetae and microsensilla, bearing well developed lobe-like ligula; ligula with apex densely setose and with two pairs of stout pedunculate setae; palpiger with one seta and one microsensillum on base; palp 2-segmented; mentum trapezoidal, converging posteriad, with many microsensilla; gulamentum with many sensilla and a pair of setae. Hypopharynx (®gure 13) densely setose on anterior region; sclerome ring-like. Thorax. Prothorax trapezoidal, converging posteriad; pronotum (®gure 1) with three pairs of setae on anterior margin, lateral regions lobate anteriorly. Mesothorax: mesonotum (®gure 1) converging strongly anteriad and slightly posteriad, enlarged about the middle; ventral side (®gure 2) roughly rectangular; a setae on each lateral margin. Metathorax transverse; lateral margins convex, each side bearing a seta. Legs (®gures 19±20) similar in length and shape; coxa longer than wide, without seta; trochanter with rounded microsensilla and short setae; femur with long setae, many microsetae and rounded microsensilla; tibia conical, with many microsetae, some long setae and circular microsensilla; tarsungulus stout, slightly sclerotized, unisetose. Abdomen (®gures 1±2). Asperities absent. Segments I±VII transverse, enlarged and rounded at the middle, anterior and posterior regions narrowed, with ®ve pairs of lateral setae. Segment VIII longitudinal, converging slightly posteriad. Segment IX with a membranous, narrow and semicircular portion (®gure 15), bearing a well developed, roughly rectangular and strongly sclerotized urogomphal plate (®gures 15±18); urogomphal plate enlarged at anterolateral angles, anterior angles rounded and produced, with some long and many microsetae on margins; dorsal side (®gure 16) densely punctate; ventral side (®gure 18) with two pairs of anterior setae, lateral margins slightly convex, posterior margin bearing a median bicameral pit and produced close to urogomphi; urogomphi short, slightly divergent, apices rounded. Segment X (®gure 18) posteriorly placed under segment VIII, with four pairs of tubercles on posterior margin; anal opening semicircular.

Description, young larva

Similar to mature larva, with some diOEerences in the urogomphal plate. Urogomphal plate (®gure 14): anterior angles rounded, slightly produced; dorsal side with many microsetae; long setae mainly on lateral and posterior margins; lateral margins tuberculate; posterior margin slightly convex; not produced near urogomphi; urogomphi short, straight, with short setae on internal side.

Parasitized larva (®gure 7)

C-shaped; whole larval body, except head and urogomphal plate, occupied by parasitoid pupae; parasitoids occupying two segments with one or two individuals per region; segments ināted and deformed.

Prepupa (®gures 21±23)

Length: 7.3 mm, width: 1.8 mm at abdominal segment IV; colour creamy white; mandibles, tarsungulus, apex of posterior angles of urogomphal plate brown. Body less ¯attened and shorter than mature larva. Dorsal and ventral integument almost smooth. Head deēcted with a few short scattered setae. Thorax. Prothorax quadrangular with two pairs of moderately elongate lateral setae. Mesothorax with anterior margin medially projected, lateral sides rounded; one pair of moderately elongate anterior lateral seta. Metathorax transverse, lateral sides rounded; one pair of moderately elongate anterior lateral seta present. Abdomen. Segments I±VII (®gures 21, 22), transverse, with one pair of elongate anteriorly lateral seta and two pairs of elongate posteriorly lateral setae. Segment VIII narrower and slightly longer than combined lengths of segments VI±VII; three pairs of elongate setae on lateral margins. Segment X (®gure 23) ventrally placed under segment VIII, anal opening semicircular.

Pupa (®gures 24±26)

Length: 6.3 mm (not including the head processes), width: 1.2 mm, at abdominal segment IV. Adecticous, exarate, white cream in colour. Head visible from above; with pair of anterior elongate processes, each bearing apical seta; eyes, lateral and frontal regions setose. Thorax. Prothorax with setae irregularly distributed on marginal regions. Mesothorax with a pair of mesoanterior setae. Metathorax with two pairs of setae on median region. Abdomen. Segments I±VII with a pair of hooks and three pairs of setae on laterals, segments I±VI with three pairs of setae on dorsal side, a pair of setae on dorsum of segments VII and VIII, segment IX narrower and with a strong median notch.

Other examined material

BRAZIL. SaÄo Paulo : Botucatu, RubiaÄo JuÂnior, 11± 13.vi.1993, S. Bellusci and S. Ide leg., 19 larvae ( MZSP) , two parasitized larvae ( MZSP), ® ve prepupae (one IBSP, three MZSP), one pupa ( IBSP) , one pharate adult ( MZSP), 10 adult parasitoids of Encyrtidae , (associated with larval skin and cocoon) (two IBSP, eight MZSP) .

FIG. 27. Physiomorphus subcostulatus Pollock , n. sp., paratype: l habitus (dorsal). Length: 4.7 mm.

Figures

FIGS 1±7. Physiomorphus subcostulatus Pollock, n. sp. Nepionotype: (1±2) habitus (dorsal, ventral). Mature larva: (3, 6) head (ventral, dorsal); (4±5) antenna (ventral, dorsal). Parasitized larva: (7) dorsal. Scale: ®gures 1±2, 7 5 3 mm; 3, 6 5 0.5 mm; 4±5 5 0.2 mm.