Neurostigma spinosum, Reategui & Rafael & da Silva-Neto, 2025

Reategui, Natália S., Rafael, José A. & da Silva-Neto, Alberto M., 2025, Neurostigma Enderlein, 1900 (Psocodea: ‘ Psocoptera’: Epipsocidae) from Brazilian Amazon Rainforest: new species and variations in forewings, European Journal of Taxonomy 976, pp. 1-32 : 17-20

Neurostigma spinosum sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6731CF58-D473-46DC-9E38-1AA97DD69CE7

Figs 14–17, 22

Diagnosis

The new species belongs in species group II of Mendivil-Nieto et al. (2020). It is similar to Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., N. lienhardi , and N. thorntoni in having anchor-shaped spines in the endophallus. It is closer to N. thorntoni in the venation of the forewing but differs in that it does not have a spot between the CuP veins and the A vein. The areola postica has Cua 1 touching wing margin at a parallel point after the second bifurcation of vein M ( Fig. 16A–B); the phalossome has a subquadrate posterior process of the aedeagal arch with an abrupt indentation of the external margin; the endophallus has the median region deeply septate with a V-shaped indentation, laterally membranous with seven distinct rows of spines, separated by a membranous area ( Fig. 17B).

Etymology

The specific name is a latin word ‘ spinae ’ = ‘thorns’, in reference to the endophallus of the phallosoma being full of spines.

Type material

Holotype

BRAZIL • ♂; Amazonas , Tefé, Locação São Marcus; 04°48′24″ S, 65°40′06″ W; 7–16 Sep. 1990; P.F. Buhrnhein et al. leg.; Pennsylvania trap; INPA, INPA-PSO 000037 .

Description

Male

COLORATION. Head uniformly pale yellow ( Fig. 14A–C), lateral areas of head light yellow, compound eyes black, ocelli hyaline with ochre centripetal crescents ( Fig. 14D–E). Scapes, pedicels and flagellomeres hyaline. Clypeus light yellow; labrum hyaline, with dark brown labral sclerites ( Fig. 15A), labium with prementum, labial palpi, paraglossas and glossas light brown ( Fig. 15B); mandibles hyaline with yellowish and brownish ends ( Fig. 15C–D); laciniae hyaline with yellowish distal region ( Fig. 15E–F). Tergal lobes of mesothorax hyaline, tergal lobes of metathorax dark brown ( Fig. 14C), thoracic pleura hyaline ( Fig. 14B). Forewings with two rounded brown spots, one in medial region between CuP and M+Cu veins, another in proximal region of bifurcation that originates M and CuA veins, dark brown spot running through R1 vein ( Fig. 16A–B). Hindwing with brownish spot in basal region between A vein and CuP vein ( Fig. 16C). Abdomen hyaline ( Fig. 14A).

MORPHOLOGY. Head with macrosetae, more concentrated on vertex ( Fig. 14A–B); compound eyes large, widely separated, laterally rounded in shape ( Fig. 14D–E), vertex bilobed, approximately at same level as upper edge of compound eyes ( Fig. 14D–E). Labium with prementum narrow, labial palpi with round shape, paraglossa with round shape, slender glossa ( Fig. 15B). Mandibles asymmetrical, elongate and with outer margin angled ( Fig. 15C–D), outer cusp of lacinial tip broad, with eight to ten denticles ( Fig. 15E–F). Tergal lobes with setae ( Fig. 14C). Forewings with many setae, especially on margins, right forewing pterostigma with four crossveins ( Fig. 16A), left wing pterostigma with five crossveins ( Fig. 16B). M vein before its firts bifurcation gently concave U-shaped ( Fig. 16A–B). Hindwing with sinuous R 2+3 and straight R 4+5, M sinuous ( Fig. 16C). Posterior process of aedeagal arch subquadrate, with abrupt indentation of external margin; endophallus with median region deeply septate with V-shaped indentation, laterally membranous with seven distinct rows of spines, separated by membranous area ( Fig. 17B). Epiproct with concave posterior margin, with slightly angulated sides, field of microsetae in medial and distal region ( Fig. 17A). Paraproct with narrow base, widening distally, with microsetae field towards outer margin, sensory fields with 30–37 basal rosettes ( Fig. 17A).

MEASUREMENTS (in μm). FW: 3097, HW: 2198, F: 643, T: 752, t1: 293, t2: 121, IO: 443, D: 350, d: 271, PO: 0.774.