Neurostigma willkeniae, Reategui & Rafael & da Silva-Neto, 2025

Reategui, Natália S., Rafael, José A. & da Silva-Neto, Alberto M., 2025, Neurostigma Enderlein, 1900 (Psocodea: ‘ Psocoptera’: Epipsocidae) from Brazilian Amazon Rainforest: new species and variations in forewings, European Journal of Taxonomy 976, pp. 1-32 : 20-25

Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2F344899-1DF5-45AB-9887-025DF52C9BEA

Figs 18–22

Diagnosis

The new species belongs in species group II, of Mendivil-Nieto et al. (2020). It is similar to Neurostigma thorntoni , N. lienhardi , and N. spinosum sp. nov., in having anchor-shaped spines in the endophallus. It is closer to Neurostigma spinosum in the venation of the forewing, but it differs from it by having a spot between the base of the pterostigma and the Rs vein ( Fig. 20A–B ), and by having a robust posterior process of the aedeagal arch, with a slight indentation of the inner margin, and an abrupt relief on the external margin ( Fig. 21C ). The anterior region of the endophallus has a slight central indentation, and a field of spines close to the posterolateral margins with numerous small spines on the posterior edges, separated by a large membranous area ( Fig. 21C ).

Etymology

This species is dedicated to Dr Dayse Willkenia Almeida Marques, from the Brazilian Institute of the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA), in recognition of her enthusiasm in deciphering the female genitalia of Neurostigma .

Type material

Holotype BRAZIL • ♂; Amazonas, Presidente Figueiredo; 02°57′48.0″ S, 59°55′22.2″ W; 9 Apr. 2013; J.A. Rafael leg.; light trap; INPA, INPA-PSO 000038 .

Description

Male

COLORATION. Head uniformly pale yellow; lateral areas of head light yellow; compound eyes black, ocelli hyaline with ochre centripetal crescents ( Fig. 18A–E ). Scape, pedicels and flagellomeres hyaline. Clypeus light yellow ( Fig. 18D ), labrum hyaline with dark brown labral sclerites ( Fig. 19A ), labium with light brown prementum, with labial palpi, paraglossas and glossas light brown ( Fig. 19B ), mandibles hyaline with yellowish and brownish ends ( Fig. 19D–E ), laciniae hyaline with yellowish distal region ( Fig. 19F–G ). Tergal lobes of mesothorax hyaline, tergal lobes of metathorax dark brown ( Fig. 18C ), thoracic pleura hyaline ( Fig.18B ). Forewings with three light brown spots, first in medial region between CuP and M+Cu veins, second in basal region of bifurcation of M+Cu veins, third in basal region between base of pterostigma and Rs vein ( Fig. 20A–B ); hindwings with brownish spots in basal region from vein A to CuP ( Fig. 20C–D ). Legs thighs yellowish, trochanters light brown, femurs with blackish spots basally, and rounded black spots medially and distally ( Fig. 20E ), tibiae with two rounded black spots distally, tarsomeres 1 dark brown, tarsomeres 2 dark brown ( Fig. 20E ). Abdomen hyaline ( Fig. 18A ).

MORPHOLOGY. Head with macrosetae, more concentrated on vertex ( Fig. 18D–E ), compound eyes large, widely separated, laterally rounded in shape ( Fig. 18D–E ), vertex bilobed, approximately at same level as upper border of compound eyes ( Fig. 18D ). Labium with prementum narrow, labial palpi with round shape, paraglossa with round shape, glossa slender ( Fig. 19B ). Mandibles asymmetrical, elongate and with outer margin angled ( Fig. 19D–E ), outer cusp of lacinial tip broad, with eight to nine denticles ( Fig. 19F–G ). Tergal lobes with setae ( Fig. 18C ). Forewings with many setae, especially on margins; right forewing pterostigma with four crossveins ( Fig. 20A ); left forewing pterostigma with six crossveins ( Fig. 20B ); M vein before its first bifurcation abruptly concave U-shape ( Fig. 20A–B ). Hindwing with R 2+3 and R 4+5 almost straight, M sinuous ( Fig. 20C–D ). Hypandrium with abundant setae, distally rounded, gently concave, wirh sides not angled, more sclerotized on sides ( Fig. 21A ). Posterior process of aedeagal arch with slight indentation of inner margin, with abrupt relief on external margin ( Fig. 21C ); anterior region of endophallus with slight central indentation, with a field of spines, close to posterolateral margins with numerous small spines on posterior edges, separated by large membranous area ( Fig. 21C ). Epiproct with concave posterior margin, with field of microsetae in distal region ( Fig. 21B ). Paraproct with narrow base, widening distally, with straight distal region, with microsetae field towards outer margin, sensory fields with 38–39 basal rosettes ( Fig. 21B ).

MEASUREMENTS (in μm). FW: 3658, HW: 2661, F: 627, T: 788, t1: 284, t2: 145, MX 2: 113, MX 4: 226, IO: 503, D: 245, d: 184, PO: 0.751.

Figures

Fig. 18. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Lateral view. B. Thorax and head in lateral view. C. Thorax and head in dorsal view. D. Front view of head. E. Lateral view of head. Scale bars in mm.

Fig. 19. Mouthparts of Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Labrum. B. Labium. C. Right maxillary palp. D. Right mandible. E. Left mandible. F. Right lacinia. G. Left lacinia. Scale bars in mm.

Fig. 20. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Right forewing. B. Left forewing. C. Right hindwing. D. Left hindwing. E. Right hind leg. Scale bars in mm.

Fig. 21. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Hypandrium. B. Right paraproct and epiproct. C. Phallosome. Scale bars in mm.

Fig. 22. Geographic distribution of all known species of Neurostigma Enderlein, 1900.