Rhyacoglanis beninei, Crispim-Rodrigues & Silva & Shibatta & Kuranaka & Oliveira, 2023

Crispim-Rodrigues, Jefferson Luan, Silva, Gabriel de Souza da Costa e, Shibatta, Oscar Akio, Kuranaka, Mariana & Oliveira, Claudio, 2023, Description and phylogenetic position of a new species of Rhyacoglanis (Siluriformes: Pseudopimelodidae) from the Jamanxim River basin, Neotropical Ichthyology (e 230051) 21 (3), pp. 1-15 : 4-10

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.1590/1982-0224-2023-0051

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:3EE6F4B5-CA12-4372-87E6-6EC91627587A

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11125433

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AC8C35-FF95-FFBD-FCE8-FC980EFAF8E6

treatment provided by

Felipe (2024-04-11 14:34:48, last updated 2024-11-29 04:10:42)

scientific name

Rhyacoglanis beninei
status

sp. nov.

Rhyacoglanis beninei , new species

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:66E55031-BDEF-47EA-B578-4F4661A03190

( Figs. 1–4 View FIGURE 1 View FIGURE 2 View FIGURE 3 View FIGURE 4 ; Tab. 1 View TABLE 1 )

Holotype. MZUSP 127014 View Materials , 59.1 mm SL, Brazil, Pará State, córrego Jussara, tributary of Jamanxim River, municipally of Novo Progresso , Tapajós River basin, 07°21’08”S 55°17’45”W, 20 Aug 2022, G. S. C. Silva & T. C. Faria. GoogleMaps

Paratypes. All from the same locality of holotype. LBP 25081, 5, 26.7–43.7 mm SL, 22 Sep 2017, A. C. Dias, C. S. Souza, C. Souto, N. Flausino Jr. & R. Devidé. LBP 32145, 8, 22.7–50.2 mm SL, the largest specimen was C&S, MZUEL 23049 , 4 , 29.4–42.6 mm SL, 20 Aug 2022, G. S. C. Silva & T. C. Faria. LBP 32163, 3, 27.0– 47.9 mm SL, 22 Aug 2022, G. S. C. Silva & T. C. Faria .

Diagnosis. Rhyacoglanis beninei can be diagnosed from all congeners by two oblique dorsal dark brown bars on the predorsal region ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 ) (vs. absent). Additionally, R. beninei is distinguished from some congeners by having a dorsal confluence between the dark subdorsal and subadipose bands in large juveniles and adults (> 28 mm SL) (vs. lack dorsal confluence in R. paranensis , R. annulatus , R. varii , and R. rapppydanielae ); ventral confluence between the dark subadipose and caudal peduncle bands (vs. lack ventral confluence in R. annulatus , R. epiblepsis , R. paranensis , R. seminiger , and R. rapppydanielae ); body without conspicuous dark brown spots (vs. conspicuous dark brown spots in R. epiblepsis and R. rapppydanielae ); complete dark band on caudal peduncle (vs. caudal peduncle-band with a unpigmented central region in R. annulatus ); body with three dark bands (vs. two dark bands in R. seminiger ); a thin dark caudal-fin bands (vs. large caudal-fin bands in R. paranensis and R. epiblepsis ); pectoral-fin spine with anterior serrae distributed along the entire margin (restricted to the proximal half in R. pulcher and R. seminiger ); posterior tip of the post-cleithral process reaching vertical through the base of the dorsal-fin spine (vs. not reaching in R. epiblepsis and R. rapppydanielae ); hypural 5 free of hypural 3 and 4 (vs. hypurals 4 and 5 fused in R. rapppydanielae ); pointed caudal-fin lobes (vs. rounded lobes in R. epiblepsis ).

Description. Morphometric data from Rhyacoglanis beninei is available in Tab. 1 View TABLE 1 . In lateral view, straight profile of body from snout tip to dorsal-fin origin followed by a straight profile from dorsal-fin base to caudal-fin insertion. Body ventral surface slightly convex from snout tip to opercular opening region, straight to slightly concave from head posterior end to anal-fin insertion, and straight-angled upward on caudal peduncle. Head depressed with numerous well-developed unculiferous tubercles. Head dorsal profile in a rounded trapezoidal shape, with most anterior region narrower than posterior region. Wide mouth, larger than distance between posterior nostrils. Posterior nostrils opening wider than anterior nostrils. Thick lips with lateral portion extended posteriorly. Dentigerous plates on premaxilla and dentary. Eyes small, covered by skin. Opercular opening covered by a well-developed membrane. Maxillary barbels reaching first branched pectoral-fin ray base. Inner mental barbel small, not reaching isthmus, and outer mental barbel reaching first pectoral-fin ray base. Head laterosensory system bearing conspicuous pores, including six infraorbital, five supraorbital, nine premaxillaries, one premaxillary-postorbital, and one postorbital.

First dorsal-fin ray forming spine locking mechanism. Second dorsal-fin ray modified in a spine, smooth on anterior margin and serrated on posterior margin. Adiposefin base broad, generally larger than dorsal-fin base. Pectoral and pelvic fins roughly triangular, distal margin larger than base. First pectoral-fin ray as spine with retrorse serrations on anterior and posterior margin ( Fig. 3 View FIGURE 3 ). Pectoral, pelvic, anal, and adipose fins distal margins round. Caudal fin bifurcated with acute dorsal and ventral lobes. Dorsal-fin rays II,6* (1 C&S, 11 eth); pectoral-fin rays I,6* (1 C&S, 13 eth); pelvic-fin rays i,5* (1 C&S, 13 eth); anal-fin rays iii,5 (2 eth), iv,6 (1 C&S) or iii,6 (5), iii,7* (1); caudal-fin rays i,6,8,i* (1 C&S, 11 eth) or i,5,7,i (1 eth). Dorsal procurrent caudal-fin rays 16 (1 C&S), ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays 12 (1 C&S). Branchiostegal rays 8 (1 C&S). Total vertebrae 33 (1 C&S). Ribs 9 (1 C&S).

Coloration in alcohol. Ground color yellowish to brownish, with three conspicuous dark brown bands on body ( Figs. 1 View FIGURE 1 , 2 View FIGURE 2 , 5 View FIGURE 5 ). The first dark band under dorsal fin (subdorsal), the second under adipose fin (subadipose), and the third posterior adipose fin, extending to the caudal-fin base. Subadipose and caudal peduncle bands surrounding body; subdorsal band open in ventral region; all bands with variable connections pattern on lateral side ( Fig. 5 View FIGURE 5 ) in individuals of different SL, sometimes not present in small juveniles (<28 mm SL – Fig. 5C View FIGURE 5 ). Two oblique dark brown bands on predorsal region in dorsal view, each beginning just laterally to parieto-supraoccipital process, continuing towards posterior cleithral process ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 ). Pectoral and pelvic fins hyaline with middle dark brown stripe and numerous melanophores dispersed. Anal-fin hyaline with middle dark brown stripe and numerous melanophores spread; fin base with dark brown band and first unbranched ray base with clear dot. Caudal fin hyaline, dorsal, and ventral lobes with middle dark brown stripe and numerous melanophores dispersed. Dorsal-fin dark brown with numerous melanophores on hyaline margin. Adipose fin dark brown, clear dot on anterior base portion with numerous melanophores. Head grayish with lighter region on cheek.

Coloration in life. Same as alcohol-preserved specimens, but the light regions brighter, ranging from yellowish to brownish ( Fig. 4C View FIGURE 4 ).

Geographical distribution. Rhyacoglanis beninei is known only from the type locality in the Jamanxim River , Tapajós River basin, Brazil ( Fig. 6 View FIGURE 6 ). The new species was collected in fast-flowing currents of Córrego Jussara, characterized by clear water and the bottom with rocks and gravels ( Fig. 4 View FIGURE 4 ).

Etymology. Rhyacoglanis beninei is named in honor of Ricardo Cardoso Benine, Professor at Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, in recognition of his dedication and remarkable contributions to the knowledge of Neotropical freshwater fishes.

Conservation status. All specimens of Rhyacoglanis beninei were collected at only one sample site. However, several specimens were collected at the type locality, indicating a common occurrence and no apparent threat of extinction. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature ( IUCN) categories and criteria ( IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee, 2023), we propose classifying Rhyacoglanis beninei as category Least Concern ( LC).

Phylogeny. Sequencing and data filtering yielded a 70% complete matrix with 1082 loci and 385,841 bp. Results support the monophyly of Pseudopimelodidae and the monophyly of Pseudopimelodinae and Batrochoglaninae subfamilies. Inside Pseudopimelodinae, Cruciglanis is the sister to Pseudopimelodus + Rhyacoglanis , as supported by Silva et al. (2021). Internally to Pseudopimelodus , our analysis found P. bufonius sister to P. charus + P. mangurus (Valenciennes, 1835) . Rhyacoglanis also recovered as a monophyletic group, where R. pulcher was recovered as sister to a clade composed of two subclades, the first composed of R. semininger + R. paranensis and the second composed of R. beninei + Rhyacoglanis n. sp. “Xingu” ( Fig. 7 View FIGURE 7 ).

We also re-build a phylogeny of Pseudopimelodus, using the UCEs matrix dataset published by Silva et al. (2021), adding Pseudopimelodus charus and P. bufonius. In Silva et al. (2021), the monophyly of Pseudopimelodus was impossible to test since only one species (P. mangurus) was included in that phylogeny. Rangel-Mendrano et al. (2021), in a genetic analysis using a multi-locus approach, supported the monophyly of Pseudopimelodus, with P. charus (from the Sao Francisco basin) sister to P. bufonius (Amazon basin) + P. mangurus (Parana basin). Our result also supports the monophyly of Pseudopimelodus but places P. bufonius sister to P. charus plus P. mangurus. This arrangement is congruent with other molecular phylogenetic studies, under which monophyletic components from the upper Parana and Sao Francisco river basins have been recognized as sister group (Montoya-Burgos, 2003; Roxo et al., 2014; Ochoa et al., 2020).

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FIGURE 1 | Rhyacoglanis beninei, holotype, MZUSP 127014, 59.1 mm SL, from córrego Jussara, an affluent of Jamanxim River, Tapajós River basin. Scale bar = 10 mm.

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FIGURE 2 | Pigmentation of oblique dark bars in the predorsal region of Rhyacoglanis beninei. A. MZUEL 23049, 29.6 mm SL; B. LBP 32145, 32.9 mm SL; C. LBP 32145, 37.3 mm SL; D. MZUEL 23049, 42.6 mm SL; E. LBP 32145, 50.2 mm SL. Scale bars = 10 mm.

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FIGURE 3 | Rhyacoglanis beninei pectoral-fin spine, paratype, LBP 32145, 50.2 mm SL.

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FIGURE 4 | A. Habitat of Rhyacoglanis beninei in córrego Jussara, 07°21’08”S 55°17’45”W; B. A rock where specimens of R. beninei were associated; C. Paratype of R. beninei just after capture. Photo: Gabriel S. Costa e Silva.

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FIGURE 5 | Variation pattern of dark body bands in Rhyacoglanis beninei. A. MZUEL 23049, 42.6 mm SL; B. LBP 32145, 29.8 mm SL;C. LBP 32163, 27.0 mm SL; D. LBP 32163, 42.9 mm SL. Scale bars = 10 mm.

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FIGURE 6 | The type locality of Rhyacoglanis beninei in córrego Jussara, 07°21’08”S 55°17’45”W (yellow star), Tapajós River basin.

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FIGURE 7 | Maximum likelihood tree of Pseudopimelodidae on the 70% complete matrix (1082 loci, 385,841 bp). Nodes without symbols represent 100% support from 1000 bootstrap pseudo-replicates; nodal support between 99% and 75% denote by black circles; gray nodes indicate support between 75% and 50%.

TABLE 1 | Morphometric data of Rhyacoglanis beninei. N = 21 specimens, including the holotype.

  Holotype Range Mean SD
Standard length (mm) 59.1 22.7–59.1 36.6
Percent of standard length
Head length 30.7 27.5–31.9 30.0 1.3
Pectoral-girdle width 34.1 26.7–34.1 29.2 1.7
Predorsal length 38.4 35.4–42.3 39.0 1.8
Dorsal-fin base length 17.1 13.8–18.4 16.3 1.2
Adipose-fin base length 19.9 15.2–21.2 18.0 1.9
Prepelvic length 53.5 48.7–56.3 51.8 1.6
Distance between pelvic and anal fins 24.9 22.0–27.3 25.6 1.3
Anal-fin base length 11.3 9.1–13.2 10.8 1.0
Caudal-peduncle length 16.2 11.4–16.2 13.0 1.4
Body depth 19.2 16.8–25.1 19.7 2.1
Caudal-peduncle depth 10.3 8.0–11.5 9.9 0.9
Pectoral-fin spine length 15.4 14.8–20.0 17.6 1.4
Dorsal-fin spine length 14.9 11.1–20.2 17.2 2.5
Pelvic-fin length 12.3 11.6–19.7 14.6 2.3
Postcleithral-process length 15.2 9.8–15.7 13.6 1.7
Distance between dorsal and pelvic fins 24.9 19.7–26.9 22.8 1.8
Distance between pelvic fins 13.5 10.4–14.4 11.6 2.8
Distance between pelvic fin and anus 13.9 11.1–14.6 12.5 1.1
Distance between the anus and anal fin 11.2 11.1–17.7 13.9 1.7
Percent of head length
Eye diameter 8.8 6.5–12.6 9.5 1.7
Interorbital distance 34.1 26.2–44.5 34.2 4.1
Snout length 41.3 32.6–41.3 37.1 2.3
Mouth width 65.2 44.8–65.2 54.8 6.2
Head depth 53.2 30.7–53.2 39.5 5.4
Maxillary-barbel length 90.7 47.5–94.0 72.8 12.2
Distance between anterior and posterior nostrils 18.8 11.4–22.5 16.4 2.9
Distance between the posterior nostril and eye 7.3 3.5–10.1 6.3 1.7
Distance between posterior nostrils 20.2 18.8–25.1 21.5 1.7
T

Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics

R

Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile