Thraulodes yaciara, Nascimento & Castelaci & Hamada, 2021

Nascimento, Jeane Marcelle Cavalcante Do, Castelaci, Luciana Camurça & Hamada, Neusa, 2021, More about Thraulodes Ulmer, 1920 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from the Brazilian Amazonia: three new species, a new record and a gynandromorph report, Zootaxa 5076 (1), pp. 21-38 : 27-28

Thraulodes yaciara n. sp.

( Figs. 1 , 5–6 , 9B )

Diagnosis. Male imago of the new species can be distinguished from the other species of Thraulodes based on the following characteristics: (1) costal membrane basal to bulla with 3–4 very thin cross veins ( Fig. 9B ); (2) femora with orangish brown band on distal 1/3 ( Fig. 5A ); (3) abdominal terga II–VI translucent white, except distal margin orangish brown ( Figs. 5A–B ); (4) pearly-colored shine marks irregularly distributed on the thorax and abdomen ( Figs. 5A–B ); (5) styliger plate with dorsal extension well developed (approximately 0.8 times longer than wide) ( Fig. 6B ); (6) penis lobe with well-developed ear-like projection ( Figs. 6A–D ); (7) lateral pouch present ( Figs. 6A–D ); (8) penes spines narrow and long (approximately 1.6 times longer than the width of the medial region of the penis lobe) ( Fig. 6A ).

Male imago. Body length: 5.2–5.7 mm (n = 5); forewing length: 5.4–6 mm; hind wing length: 1–1.3 mm. General coloration orangish brown, some areas translucent white.

Head ( Figs. 5A–C ). Dark orangish brown, with dark gray marks; cervix yellowish brown. Upper portion of eyes orangish; lower portion orangish gray. Ocelli whitish, surrounded by black. Antennae with scape yellowish brown, pedicel dark brown, yellowish basally, flagellum whitish.

Thorax ( Figs. 5A–C ). Pronotum light orangish brown, lateral region whitish, with pearly shiny marks. Mesonotum dark orangish brown, some areas brownish; scuto-scutellar suture yellowish white; scutellum blackish brown. Pleurae and sterna brownish, with black marks irregularly distributed; membranous area of pleurae with pearly-colored shine marks irregularly distributed.

Legs ( Figs. 5A ). Forelegs: coxae and trochanters white; femora with basal 2/3 almost entirely white, except for light orangish-brown mark, distal 1/3 with orangish-brown band; tibiae and tarsi yellowish brown, except tibiae darker basally and tarsomeres whitish apically. Middle and hindlegs whitish, except for the femora with orangishbrown band on distal 1/3.

Wings ( Figs. 5A , 9B ). Membrane of forewings hyaline, with brownish macula around the costal brace and bases of Sc and R; veins yellowish; costal membrane basal to bulla with 3–4 very thin cross veins and 10–12 cross-veins distal to bullae. Membrane of hind wings hyaline, with dark blackish brownish macula; with 2–3 cross veins; veins yellowish white.

Abdomen ( Figs. 5A–B ). Tergum I almost entirely dark orangish brown, except for blackish area near anterior margin and medially; terga II–VI translucent white, except posterior margin orangish brown; terga II–VIII with paired blackish brown stigmatic dots; terga II and VI with blackish brown midway spots; terga II and III with triangular, blackish brown marks medially on posterior margin; terga VII–X almost entirely dark orangish brown, except for pearly-colored shine areas on lateral regions of the terga VII, IX and X and lateral and posterior regions of the tergum VIII. Sterna I–IX translucent white; sterna VIII and IX with dark orangish brown area laterally and posteriorly and with broad pearly-colored shine area centrally. Caudal filaments broken and lost.

Genitalia ( Figs. 5D , 6A–D ). Styliger plate translucent, almost entirely with pearly-colored shine marks; triangular; dorsal extension developed (approximately 0.8 times longer than wide), apex rounded (almost blunt). Forceps whitish translucent, proximal region of segment I with pearly shine mark; segment II with orangish brown mark ventrally; with constriction almost in the middle of segment I. Penes relatively short and wide; ventrally whitish, with orange mark, dorsally yellowish brown; apicolateral area of the penis lobe rounded, forming ear-like projection; lateral pouch present; inner margin almost parallel; each lobe with recurved fold slightly marked; penes spines relatively long (approximately 1.6 times longer than the width of the medial region of the penis lobe), with base robust and tapering to apex, projected medially and anteriorly.

Female imago and nymph. Unknown.

Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the Tupi-Guarani words “Yaci” meaning moon and “Yara” lady, “Lady of the moon” an allusion to the pearly-colored shine marks present in this species. This name is used in apposition.

Comments. Thraulodes yaciara n. sp. resembles Thraulodes sternimaculatus Lima, Mariano & Pinheiro 2013 especially in its general color pattern: thorax brown to orangish brown, abdominal terga II–VI almost entirely translucent white, abdominal terga II–VII with paired dark marks; pearly-colored shine marks irregularly distributed on the thorax and abdomen, and femora of all legs with weak mark basally and blackish-brown band on apical 1/3. However, both species can be easily differentiated by characteristics of the male terminalia. In T. yaciara n. sp. the styliger plate has the dorsal extension developed, the penes spines are relatively long (approximately 1.6 times longer than the width of the medial region of the penis lobe), and the apicolateral area of the penis lobe has ear-like projection. In T. sternimaculatus the dorsal projection of the styliger plate is absent, the penes spines are shorter (approximately 1.2 times longer than the width of the medial region of the penis lobe), and the apicolateral area of the penis lobe does not form ear-like projection. Also, the forewings in both species can be differentiated as follows: T. yaciara n. sp. has 3–4 very thin cross veins in the costal membrane basal to bulla, whereas in T. sternimaculatus these cross veins are absent.

Material examined. Holotype: male imago (light sheet trap), BRAZIL, Mato Grosso state, Alta Floresta municipality, Juruena River (09°22’56” S; 58°32’49” W); 20/IX/2017; J. M. C. Nascimento; N. Hamada cols. ( INPA) . Paratypes: 5 male imagoes (same data as holotype) (2 in INPA and 3 in MZUSP) .

Figures

FIGURE 1. Distribution of the species analyzed in this study. (A) Map of South America with detailed area containing partial region of Brazil and Peru; (B–E) sampled sites with new species of Thraulodes Ulmer (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae); (B) Amapá state, Oiapoque municipality, Oiapoque River, Marripá waterfalls; (C) Mato Grosso state, Alta Floresta municipality, Juruena River; (D, E) Rondônia state, Vilhena municipality, Hermes River.

FIGURE 5. Thraulodes yaciara n. sp. (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae), male imago. A) habitus, lateral view; B) habitus, dorsal view; C) head and thorax, lateral view; D) male terminalia, lateral view.

FIGURE 6. Thraulodes yaciara n. sp. (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae), male imago, terminalia. A) dorsal view; B) ventral view; C) lateroventral view; D) caudal view.

FIGURE 9. Thraulodes Ulmer (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae), male imago, fore and hind wings.A) Thraulodes yara n. sp.; B) Thraulodes yaciara n. sp.; C) Thraulodes ykamiaba n. sp.