Thraulodes ykamiaba, Nascimento & Castelaci & Hamada, 2021

Nascimento, Jeane Marcelle Cavalcante Do, Castelaci, Luciana Camurça & Hamada, Neusa, 2021, More about Thraulodes Ulmer, 1920 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from the Brazilian Amazonia: three new species, a new record and a gynandromorph report, Zootaxa 5076 (1), pp. 21-38 : 28-34

Thraulodes ykamiaba n. sp.

( Figs. 1 , 7–8 , 9C )

Diagnosis. Male imago of the new species can be distinguished from the other species of Thraulodes based on the following characteristics: (1) costal membrane basal to bulla with 2–3 very thin cross-veins ( Fig. 9C ); (2) femora with a blackish yellow band on distal 1/3 ( Fig. 7A ); (3) abdominal terga II–VI translucent white, with pair of subtriangular marks medially near posterior margin; ( Figs. 7A–B ); (4) styliger plate with dorsal extension well developed (approximately 1.3 times longer than wide) ( Fig. 8B ); (5) penis lobe without well-developed ear-like projection ( Figs. 8A–D ); (6) lateral pouch present ( Fig. 8D ); (7) penes spines narrow and long (approximately two times longer than the width of the medial region of the penis lobe) ( Fig. 8A ).

Male imago. Body length: 4.7–5.2 mm (n = 9); forewing length: 5.2–5.5 mm; hind wing length: 1–1.2 mm. General coloration yellowish brown, slightly washed with red; some areas translucent.

Head ( Figs. 7A–C ). Blackish brown, with gray marks; cervix grayish. Upper portion of eyes orangish brown; lower portion black. Ocelli whitish, surrounded by black. Antennae with scape yellowish, pedicel brownish, flagellum yellowish brown.

Thorax ( Figs. 7A–C ). Pronotum yellowish brown, posterior margin blackish brown. Mesonotum brownish yellow, sutures grayish brown; scuto-scutellar suture yellowish; scutellum dark brown laterally. Pleurae and sterna yellowish brown, with blackish marks irregularly distributed.

Legs ( Figs. 7A–B ). Whitish yellow; femora with blackish yellow band on distal 1/3, bands slightly washed with red.

Wings ( Figs. 7A , 9C ). Membrane of forewings hyaline, with blackish brown macula around the costal brace and bases of Sc and R; veins yellowish; costal membrane basal to bulla with 2–3 very thin cross-veins and 11–12 cross veins distal to bullae. Membrane of hind wings hyaline, with dark blackish brown macula at base; with 2–3 cross veins; veins whitish yellow.

Abdomen ( Figs. 7A–C ). Tergum I almost entirely blackish, except submedial region yellowish; terga II–VI translucent white, with pair of subtriangular dorsal marks medially near posterior margin; terga II–VII with pair of blackish, rounded isolated spots laterally (one located near anterior margin and the other one near posterior margin); terga II–VI with stigmatic dot anteriorly; terga VII–X yellowish brown, washed with red centrally. Sterna translucent white. Caudal filaments whitish gray, intersegmental joints darker in all segments.

Genitalia ( Figs. 7D , 8A–D ). Styliger plate yellowish translucent, occasionally with reddish marks; triangular; dorsal extension developed (approximately 1.3 times longer than wide), with rounded apex. Forceps whitish; with slight constriction below the middle of segment I. Penes relatively short and wide; apicolateral area not forming ear-like projection; lateral pouch present (best seen in Fig. 8C–D ); inner margins of the lobes almost parallel; each lobe with recurved fold heavily marked, well sclerotized; outer margins of the lobes strongly sinuous; penes spines narrow (approximately with the same width along entire length) and long (approximately two times longer than the width of the medial region of the penis lobe), projected medially and laterally.

Variations. In some specimens the marks on the abdomen are less defined or with slightly different shapes ( Fig. 7C ).

Female imago and nymph. Unknown.

Etymology. The specific epithet ykamiabas is a tribute to the legendary tribe of woman warriors in the Amazon forest. This myth symbolizes the union among the women and celebrates the triumph achieved in the fight for better days, becoming a representation of woman power. This name is used in apposition.

Comments. Thraulodes ykamiaba n. sp. resembles Thraulodes bonito Gonçalves, Da-Silva and Nessimian, 2013 by sharing the abdominal terga II–VI with pair of marks medially near posterior margin, terga II–VII with pair of marks laterally, styliger plate with dorsal extension developed and by the general shape of the penes (relatively short and wide, with inner margins of the lobes almost parallel; each lobe with recurved fold and lateral pouch present, and penis spine narrow and long). However, both species can be differentiated as follows: in T. ykamiaba n. sp. the recurved fold of the penis lobe is heavily marked and well sclerotized, whereas in T. bonito it is subtly marked; the ear-like projection on apicolateral area of the penis lobe is absent in T. ykamiaba n. sp. and present in T. bonito and the penes spines appear to be longer in the new species than in T. bonito . Also, the hindwings in both species can be differentiated as follows: T. yaciara n. sp. has 2–3 cross-veins, while T. bonito has 7–11.

Material examined. Holotype: male imago (light sheet trap), BRAZIL, Rondônia state, Vilhena municipality, Hermes ; 11/IX/2012; (13°12’07.5” S; 60°23’25.1” W); J.M.C. Nascimento; N. Hamada cols ( INPA) . Paratypes: 8 male imagoes (same data as holotype) (4 in INPA and 4 in MZUSP) .

Figures

FIGURE 1. Distribution of the species analyzed in this study. (A) Map of South America with detailed area containing partial region of Brazil and Peru; (B–E) sampled sites with new species of Thraulodes Ulmer (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae); (B) Amapá state, Oiapoque municipality, Oiapoque River, Marripá waterfalls; (C) Mato Grosso state, Alta Floresta municipality, Juruena River; (D, E) Rondônia state, Vilhena municipality, Hermes River.

FIGURE 7. Thraulodes ykamiaba n. sp. (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae), male imago. A) habitus, lateral view; B) habitus, dorsal view; C) habitus, dorsal view, showing color variation; D) male terminalia, lateral view.

FIGURE 8. Thraulodes ykamiaba n. sp. (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae), male imago, terminalia. A) dorsal view; B) ventral view; C) lateroventral view; D) caudal view.

FIGURE 9. Thraulodes Ulmer (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae), male imago, fore and hind wings.A) Thraulodes yara n. sp.; B) Thraulodes yaciara n. sp.; C) Thraulodes ykamiaba n. sp.