Geometra fragilis ( Oberthür, 1916 )

Han, H-X., Galsworthy, A. C. & Xue, D-Y., 2009, A survey of the genus Geometra Linnaeus (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Geometrinae), Journal of Natural History 43 (13 - 14), pp. 885-922 : 912-914

Geometra fragilis ( Oberthür, 1916) ( Figure 1M )

Hipparchus fragilis Oberthür, 1916 , Études Lépid comp 12:122, pl. 389, fig. 3289, Syntype „, [ China]: Tse –kou. (ZFMK)

Hipparchus ovalis Sterneck, 1927 , Dt ent Z Iris 41:12. Holotype „, [ China]. Geometra fragilis ICZN, 1957 , Opin Decl ICZN 15(Opinion 450):254.

Description

Antennae in male long bipectinate, filiform at end, the longest ramus more than three times diameter of flagellum. Frons white. Labial palpus short, not extending beyond frons. Vertex white. Dorsal side of thorax and abdomen yellow, yellow-green or whitish based on examined materials. Hind tibia not dilated, without hair-pencil and terminal extension.

Wing pattern. Length of forewing „ ♀ 21–24 mm. Forewing grass-green, hindwing whitish green, deeper green at anal angle and outer marginal region. Forewing with costa strongly protruding near apex, which is slightly falcate. Outer margin of both wings lacking crenulation, slightly convex on forewing, strongly so on hindwing, and lacking tail process. Antemedial line lacking, and postmedial indistinct, sometimes present as a faint white line, broken on veins. Submarginal line composed of small dots between veins. Discal spot dark green, dot-like. Hindwing without transverse lines. Underside even grass-green, without lines.

Male genitalia ( Figures 2M , 3M ). Uncus developed, sclerotized, triangular. Socii sclerotized, hook-like. Gnathos developed, with median process a pair of large thorn-like triangular processes, dentate on outer margin. Valva long and narrow, well sclerotized, with base and tip narrower than middle; costa slightly expanded. A spinose patch present on an elongate sclerotized area, also bearing a large pointed harpe. Saccus developed and protruding as an elongate sclerotized projection. Transtilla undeveloped. Juxta a nearly U-shaped sclerite. Aedeagus very slender, sclerotized posteriorly and needle-like, lightly expanded subapically.

Sternite 3 without setal patches. Segment 8 ( Figure 5M ) with tergite wide, sclerotized, slightly waisted in middle, posterior margin indented; sternite small, sclerotized, the posterior part consisting of two diamond-shaped processes separated by a broad V-shaped notch.

Female genitalia ( Figure 4M ). Weakly sclerotized area present around ostium. Ostium large. Lamella postvaginalis a lightly sclerotized, half-rounded pocket. Ductus bursae long and slender, membranous, without antrum. Corpus bursae membranous, with a bicornute signum.

Materials examined

IZCAS: 1 „, Jilin: Changbaishan , 2 July 1982, coll. Zhang Baolin; 20 „ , Yunnan: Lijiang Yulongshan , 23 July to 28 August 1962, coll. Song Shimei ; 1 „, same locality, 2700 m, 27 July 1984, coll. Liu Dajun; 1 „, same locality, 3200 m, 15 July 1984, coll. Liu Dajun; 1♀ , Yunnan: Weixi Lidiping , 3200 m, 13 August 1984, coll. Liu Dajun ; 1 „, Yunnan: Lijiang , 11 July 1962 (abdomen broken); 20 „ , Yunnan: Lijiang Yulongshan , 21 July to 30 August 1962, coll. Song Shimei.

BMNH: 4 „, Tsékou, 1900, R.P.J. Dubernard, Ex. Oberthür Coll. B.M.1927-3; 2 „, Tsékou, 1898, P. Dubernard, Ex. Oberthür Coll. B.M.1927-3; 1 „, Li-kiang ( China), Provinz Nord-Yuennan. 31 August 1935, H. Höne, B.M.1959-465.

ZFMK: 1 „, syntype, Tsekou, 1898, P. Dubernard [ Hipparchus fragilis Oberthür „ type; fragilis Obthr. Typ. abgebildet Seitz IV. Suppl. fig.); 1 „, Tsékou, 1900, R.P.J. Dubernard ( Hipparchus fragilis Oberthür „ cotype].

Distribution

China (Jilin, Sichuan, Yunnan, Tibet) .

Figures

Figure 1. Adults of Geometra. (A) G. papilionaria, „; (B) G. symaria, „; (C) G. albovenaria, „; (D) G. valida, „; (E) G. euryagyia, „; (F) G. dieckmanni, „; (G) G. sponsaria, „; (H) G. ussuriensis, „; (I) G. neovalida sp. nov. „, holotype; (J) G. flavifrontaria, „; (K) G. purissima, „, holotype; (L) G. smaragdus, „; (M) G. fragilis, „, syntype; (N) G. sinoisaria, „, syntype; (O) G. burmensis sp. nov., „, holotype; (P) G. glaucaria, „; (Q) G. rana, „; (R) G. sigaria, „, syntype. Scale bar 10 mm.

Figure 2. Male genitalia of Geometra. (A) G. papilionaria; (B) G. symaria; (C) G. albovenaria; (D) G. valida; (E) G. euryagyia; (F) G. dieckmanni; (G) G. sponsaria; (H) G. ussuriensis; (I) G.

Figure 3. Aedeagus of Geometra. (A) G. papilionaria; (B) G. symaria; (C) G. albovenaria; (D) G. valida; (E) G. euryagyia; (F) G. dieckmanni; (G) G. sponsaria; (H) G. ussuriensis; (I) G. neovalida sp. nov.; (J) G. flavifrontaria; (K) G. purissima; (L) G. smaragdus; (M) G. fragilis; (N) G. sinoisaria; (O) G. burmensis sp. nov.; (P) G. glaucaria; (Q) G. rana; (R) G. sigaria. Scale bar 1 mm.

Figure 4. Female genitalia of Geometra. (A) G. papilionaria; (B) G. symaria; (C) G. albovenaria; (D) G. valida; (E) G. euryagyia; (F) G. dieckmanni; (G) G. sponsaria; (H) G. ussuriensis; (I) G. neovalida sp. nov.; (J) G. flavifrontaria; (K) G. purissima; (L) G. smaragdus; (M) G. fragilis; (N) G. sinoisaria; (O) G. glaucaria; (P) G. rana. Scale bar 1mm.

Figure 5. Segment 8 of Geometra. (A) G. papilionaria; (B) G. symaria; (C) G. albovenaria; (D) G. valida; (E) G. euryagyia; (F) G. dieckmanni; (G) G. sponsaria; (H) G. ussuriensis; (I) G. neovalida sp. nov.; (J) G. flavifrontaria; (K) G. purissima; (L) G. smaragdus; (M) G. fragilis; (N) G. sinoisaria; (O) G. burmensis sp. nov.; (P) G. glaucaria; (Q) G. rana; (R) G. sigaria.