Syzygium pachysarcum (Gagnep.) Merr. & L.M.Perry

Soh, Wuu-Kuang & Parnell, John, 2015, A revision of Syzygium Gaertn. (Myrtaceae) in Indochina (Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam), Adansonia 37 (2), pp. 179-275 : 248-250

41. Syzygium pachysarcum (Gagnep.) Merr. & L.M.Perry ( Figs 33 ; 34 )

Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 19: 110 (1938); P.H.Hô, An Illustrated Flora of Vietnam (Câyco Viêtnam) 2: 55, fig 3751 (1992) [as Zyzygium pachysarcum ]; K.D.Nguyen, ( Myrtaceae ) Checklist of Plant Species of Vietnam 2: 907 (2003). — Eugenia pachysarca Gagnep., Notulae Systematicae 3: 329. 1918; Gagnep. in Lecomte, Flore générale

de l’Indochine 2: 824 (1920). — Type: Cambodia, Kampong Speu ,

Samraong Tong [Au Samrong], Mt. Schrall, ‘ 10 m tree’, fl., IV.1870,

Pierre 987 (lecto-, P![P00589190] with attached Delpy drawing

dated I.1900, here designated; isolecto-, P![2 sheets,P00589191 &

P00589192], BM!, NY![405069], E![E00284097]) (see Note 1).

Eugenia tramnion Gagnep., Notulae Systematicae (Paris) 3: 332 (1918); Gagnep. in Lecomte, Flore générale de l’Indochine 2: 824 (1920). — [ Eugenia rubicunda Gagnep. , in sched., nom. nudum.]. — Syzygium tramnion (Gagnep.) Merr. & L.M.Perry , Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 19: 111 (1938); P.H.Hô, An Illustrated Flora of Vietnam (Câyco Viêtnam) 2: 60, fig. 3765 (1992); K.D.Nguyen, ( Myrtaceae ) Checklist of Plant Species of Vietnam 2: 909 (2003). — Type: Vietnam [ Cochinchina], Tay Ninh, Cai Cong [Cay-cong], fl. & fr., V.1866, Pierre 115 (lecto-, P![P00589173], with Delpy drawing dated II.1900 attached, here designated; isolecto-, P![P00589174], with two Delpy’s drawings of flowers and fruits dated XI.1899 attached). — Remaining former syntypes: Vietnam [ Cochinchina], An Giang, Lap Vo [Lap-vo], fl., VIII.1869, Pierre s.n. (cited as Pierre 115 in the protologue) (P!); Vietnam [ Cochinchina], fl., Thorel s.n. (P![P00589260]); Vietnam [ Cochinchina], Mu-xoai, fl., tree 12- 18 m, III.1867, Pierre s.n. (cited as Pierre 115 in the protologue) (P![P00589261], K!, BM!); Vietnam [ Cochinchina], Tay Ninh, Cai Cong [Cay-cong], fl., 2.IV.1866, Pierre s.n. (P![P00589262] with Delpy’s drawing dated XI.1899 attached); idem, fl., Pierre s.n. (P![P00589263]), syn. nov. (see Notes 2 and 3).

Eugenia tinctoria Gagnep., Notulae Systematicae (Paris) 3: 334 (1918); Gagnep. in Lecomte, Flore générale de l’Indochine 2: 824 (1920). — Syzygium tinctorium (Gagnep.) Merr. & L.M.Perry , Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 19: 112 (1938); P.H.Hô, An Illustrated Flora of Vietnam (Câyco Viêtnam) 2: 59, fig. 3763 (1992); P.Dy Phon, Plant Use in Cambodia: 580 (2000); K.D.Nguyen, ( Myrtaceae ) Checklist of Plant Species of Vietnam 2: 909 (2003). — Type: Cambodia, Kampong Chhnang, Kralanh forest reserve, fl., 8-11.III.1914, Chevalier 30041 (Fleury) (cited as 31984 in the protologue) (lecto-, P![P00589216], here designated; isolecto-, P![2 sheets]). — Remaining former syntypes: Cambodia, fl. & fr., Magnien, Gourgand & Châtillon s.n. (P![3 sheets, P00589217, P00589218 &P00589219]); Cambodia, Kampong Chhnang, fl., Chevalier 30041 (cited as 31984 in the protologue) (P![P00589216]); Cambodia, Pursat, fl., 14.III.1914, Chevalier 31984 (cited as 30041 in the protologue) (P![P00589177]); Vietnam [ Cochinchina], Dong Nai, Bien Hoa, fl., Vinot 34 (P![P00589215]), syn. nov. (see Note 2).

ADDITIONAL MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Cambodia. Kampong Cham:

Stung Trang, Herbier Forestier du Cambodge 505 (P). — Kampong

Chhnang: III.1909, Magnen, Gourgand & Châtillon 2 (P). —

Kampong Thum: Kampong Takong, Phnom Barung Reserve ,

9.V.1924, Herbier Forestier du Cambodge 505 (P). — Kandal :

Phnom Penh, Béjaud 569 (P). — Siem Reap: Banteay Srei, Khnar

Sanday, 22.II.1924, Herbier Forestier du Cambodge Diffon 19 (P) .

Laos. Savannakhet: Champone, Ban Phay , 8.VIII.2000, Soejarto ;

B.H.Southavong; & Samphan 11489 ( GH).

Thailand. Nakhon Ratchasima: Pak Thong Chai , 26.III.1968 ,

S.Phengnaren 593 (L).

Vietnam. Binh Dinh: Nuoc Ngot , V.1959, H.H.Pham 5014

(P). — Dong Nai: Bien Hoa, VI.1909, d’Alleizette (L). — Kon

Tum: Bien 709 ( HN); Kon Plong, 16.VII.1978, K .Dao 268 ( HN).

DISTRIBUTION. — Endemic to Continental Southeast Asia and found in Cambodia, Laos, Thailand and Laos ( Fig. 35 ).

ECOLOGY OR HABITAT. — In primary forest to 300 m.

CONSERVATION STATUS. — IUCN Global Status: Near Threathened ( NT); IUCN Regional (Indochina) Status: Near Threathened ( NT).

PHENOLOGY. — Flowering: February, March, April, Jun, August, November. Fruiting: April, May, July, August.

VERNACULAR NAMES. — Cambodia: Pring Kbal (Siem reap) , Pring Phnom (Kampong Thum) , Pring tasar, Pring thom (Kampong Chhnang & Pursat) , Prinh thmar (Kandal) . Laos: Mak va (Savannakhet) . Vietnam: Tram day, Tram nac day, Tram nion (Tay Ninh) , Tram nhuom, Tram rim, Tram sung (Dong Nai) .

USES. — The fruit edible and wood used in carpentry. The bark is used as yellowish brown dye to colour fabric ( Dy Phon 2000).

DESCRIPTION

Tree to 25 m tall, to 30 cm dbh. Bark greyish, slash bark pale brownish. Glabrous.

Figures

FIG. 33. — Lectotype of Syzygium pachysarcum (Gagnep.) Merr. & L.M.Perry, Pierre 987 (P00589190); detail, close-up of inflorescence. Scale bar: 0.5 cm.

FIG. 34. — Delpy’s drawing of the reproductive organs of the lectotype of Syzygium pachysarcum (Gagnep.) Merr. & L.M.Perry, Pierre 987 (P00589190).

FIG. 35. — Distribution of Syzygium pachysarcum (Gagnep.) Merr. & L.M.Perry (), Syzygium pierrei (Gagnep.) Merr.& L.M.Perry () and Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp. () in Indochina.