Piesocorynini Valentine, 1960

Trýzna, Miloš, Caballero-Serrano, Verónica & Carrasco, Juan Carlos, 2024, Review of the Neotropical Piezonemus Jordan with type designations, description of Piezonemus espoch sp. nov. from Ecuador, and notes on the tribe Piesocorynini Valentine with keys to world genera (Coleoptera: Anthribidae), Zootaxa 5415 (3), pp. 401-435 : 403-408

Recognition of the tribe Piesocorynini Valentine, 1960

The main morphological characters of the tribe Piesocorynini are: rostrum wider than long, underside of rostrum without deep transverse sulcus, antennae inserted laterally, antennal scrobes foveiform, not visible from above, antennal club three segmented, antennomere II as long as or longer than antennomere I, eyes entire or only weakly truncate anteriad, eyes coarsely faceted, maximum 26 rows of ommatidia perpendicular to long axis, pronotum with dorsal transverse carina (completely basal, sub-basal or antebasal) or this carina absent (in the case of some undescribed species of Phaenotheriopsis , and both species of Afrophaenotherion ) (see also Valentine 1960, 1991, 1999; Legalov 2018; Trýzna et al. 2022; keys to the genera: Jordan 1906; Orellana & Barrios 2021).

Neotropical genera of the tribe Piesocorynini can be identified using the keys below

(see also Jordan 1906: 301, Valentine 1999: 271, Trýzna et al. 2022: 245)

1 Outer edge of mandibles straight along entire length, only at the very apex do they turn sharply inwards.......... Group 1

- Outer edge of mandibles more or less bent along their entire length, or along a substantial part.................. Group 2

Key to genera of Group 1

1 Antennae robust, individual antennomeres of funicle the same width as pedicel (figs 6–10 [from Trýzna et al. 2022]).................................................................................................... Opisolia

- Individual antennomeres of funicle distinctly narrower than pedicel............................................. 2

2 Dorsal transverse carina of pronotum distinctly basal (figs 11–15 [from Trýzna et al. 2022]).................. Piezobarra

- Dorsal transverse carina of pronotum not basal, otherwise shaped: sub-basal, strongly antebasal or absent............... 3

3 Disc of pronotum with distinct dense or sparse punctures. Sides of pronotum not straight, rounded or convex or protruding laterally in dorsal view ( Figs 1–5 and figs 16–20 [from Trýzna et al. 2022]).......................... Phaenotheriopsis

- Disc of pronotum with longitudinal wrinkles. Sides of pronotum more or less straight, conical in dorsal view, not convex laterally............................................................................................. 4

4 Mesosternal process wide, widely concave apically. Space between mesocoxae as wide as width of mesofemur at its widest part. Sides of rostrum distinctly divergent anteriorly (only female holotype known) ( Figs 6–11 )................. Barridia

- Mesosternal process narrow, rounded (convex) apically. Space between mesocoxae distinctly narrower than width of mesofemur at its widest part. Sides of rostrum subparallel (figs 1–5 [from Trýzna et al. 2022])....................... Brachycorynus

Note on Phaenotheriopsis : in Trýzna et al. 2022: 249, figs 16–20, a male of Phaenotheriopsis vauriei Valentine, 1955 (B.D. Valentine det. 2008, MTDC) is depicted as an example of a species with sub-basal dorsal transverse carina of pronotum (sub-basal sensu Holloway 1982: 187, fig. 13; in Valentine 1991: 332 it is mentioned as antebasal). However, as Valentine (1991: 332) mentions, undescribed species still exist in this genus in which the transverse carina of the pronotum is completely absent. In this work, we therefore show an example of such a species with a completely absent carina ( Figs 1–5 ). This species comes from “ Insel Guadeloupe ”, and although the specimen is determined as P. bierigi Wolfrum, 1931 (R. Frieser det. 1956, MTDC), it belongs to an undescribed species (moreover, very small eyes are also noticeable in this species). Phaenotheriopsis bierigi is illustrated in Rheinheimer (2004: 226, fig. 156).

Key to genera of Group 2

1 Eyes very large, occupying a considerable part of head, elongate, oblique, distance between eyes as long as half of length of eye ( Fig. 50 ). Rostrum very short, ratio of rostrum length to maximum width 0.3–0.4 ( Fig. 50 ). Pygidium of male longer than wide, convex ( Figs 46 , 54 , 66 ), as long as wide in female; pygidium of female with promontory before apical edge ( Figs 70–72 ), this projection divided basally, or promontory lacking (in P. espoch sp. nov., Fig. 83 ). Mesotibia of male with distinct spur at apex ( Fig. 53 ). Tarsomere I of mesotarsus dilated or with spur at apex on inner side ( Figs 53 , 79 )................. Piezonemus

- Eyes smaller, rather oval, not distinctly oblique, distance between eyes distinctly longer than half of length of eye. Rostrum longer, ratio of rostrum length to maximum width greater than or equal to 0.5. Pygidium wider than long in both sexes, flat, always without any promontory in female. Mesotibia of male without distinct spur at apex (except Piesocorynus lateralis ). Tarsomere I of mesotarsus not dilated at apex............................................................... 2

2 Tibia and tarsi of all legs with distinct long and erect setae (figs 21–25 [from Trýzna et al. 2022]).............. Lagopezus

- Tibia and tarsi of all legs without distinct long and erect setae.................................................. 3

3 Antennae shorter, reaching no further than posterior margin of pronotum in both sexes. Antennomere III short, approximately the same length as II, or at most 1.2 times as long as antennomere II. Antennal scrobes nearly extending to eyes. Elytral base unequivocally straight in strictly dorsal view, shoulders more rectangular. Eyes rounded, not emarginate or truncate anteriad (figs 62, 68–72 [from Trýzna et al. 2022]).......................................................... Brevibarra

- Antennae longer, reaching posterior margin of pronotum in both sexes. Antennomere III longer, the same length or longer than I and II together. Antennal scrobes rather distant from eyes. Elytral base at least slightly bisinuate in dorsal view, shoulders rounded. Eyes oval, weakly emarginate or truncate anteriad.................................................... 4

4 Sides of pronotum convex. Dorsal transverse carina of pronotum either completely basal or antebasal; if antebasal then approaching base of pronotum at lateral angles (= distinctly curved anteriad) (the same as in Lagopezus ) ( Figs 12–16 and figs 26–31 [from Trýzna et al. 2022])............................................................... Piesocorynus

- Sides of pronotum straight and conical, not convex laterally. Dorsal transverse carina of pronotum sub-basal to basal or antebasal, if antebasal then parallel with posterior margin of pronotum (figs 39–43, 51–61 [from Trýzna et al. 2022])...................................................................................................... Barra

Note on Piesocorynus : in Trýzna et al. 2022: 251, figs 26–31, a male of Piesocorynus dispar (Gyllenhal, 1833) is depicted as a representative of the type species of the genus. As stated in the cited work, there are two types of position of the dorsal transverse carina of the pronotum in this genus: 1) either it is completely basal (e.g. P. dispar ), or 2) it is distinctly antebasal, but in this case approaching the base of the pronotum at the lateral sides of the pronotum, so it is distinctly curved anteriorly (e.g. P. aspis (Erichson, 1847) (= P. gracilicornis (Jekel, 1855) , synonymy according to Queiroz et al. 2017). For completeness, an example of such a species with antebasal dorsal transverse carina is illustrated as P. aspis (female, Figs 12–16 ). Species with a distinct antebasal carina that is parallel to the posterior margin of the pronotum do not occur in this genus.

Key to other world genera

(see also Frieser 1981, 2008)

1 Elytra without striae, at most with poorly visible and irregularly arranged minute punctures, elytra smooth and shiny (Figs 17–21)............................................................................... Afrophaenotherion

- Elytral striae present, forming distinct rows of punctures...................................................... 2

2 Larger species, 9.0– 9.5 mm ( Figs 22–26 )........................................................... Botriessa

- Smaller species, 1.5–6.0 mm............................................................................ 3

3 Rostrum imperceptibly wider than long, sides of rostrum distinctly widened anteriorly ( Figs 27–32 )......... Phaenotherion

- Rostrum ca. 2–3 times wider than long, sides of rostrum parallel or nearly parallel.................................. 4

4 Antennal scrobes opened ventrally and posteriorly, scrobes distinctly extending under eyes in lateral view, eyes rather longitudinally oval, dorsally located, metatibiae of male curved inwards apically ( Figs 33–37 ).......... Phaenotheriosoma

- Antennal scrobes closed ventrally and posteriorly, scrobes not extending under eyes in lateral view, eyes rather circular, laterally located, metatibiae of male straight, not curved apically ( Figs 38–42 )............................... Phaenotheriolum

Figures

FIGURES 1–5. Phaenotheriopsis sp., male (MTDC); 1, dorsal habitus; 2, head in dorsal view; 3, left antenna in dorsal view; 4, pronotum in dorsal view; 5, lateral habitus. Scale bars in mm.

FIGURES 6–11. Barridia corticina Jordan, 1906, holotype female (BMNH); 6, dorsal habitus; 7, head in inclined view with coarse sculpture; 8, pronotum in dorsal view; 9, right antenna in dorsal view; 10, head in dorsal view; 11, lateral habitus. Scale bars in mm.

FIGURES 49–55. Piezonemus durus, male (MTDC); 49, dorsal habitus; 50, head in dorsal view; 51, pronotum in dorsal view; 52, left antenna in dorsal view; 53, right mesotibia and mesotarsus; 54, pygidium; 55, lateral habitus. Scale bars in mm.

FIGURES 43–48. Piezonemus durus Jordan, 1904, lectotype male (BMNH); 43, dorsal habitus; 44, head in dorsal view; 45, pronotum in dorsal view; 46, pygidium; 47, right antenna in dorsal view; 48, lateral habitus. Scale bars in mm.

FIGURES 62–67. Piezonemus lateralis Jordan, 1904, lectotype male (BMNH); 62, dorsal habitus; 63, head in dorsal view; 64, left antenna in dorsal view; 65, pronotum in dorsal view; 66, pygidium, 67, lateral habitus. Scale bars in mm.

FIGURES 68–72. 68–69, Piezonemus lateralis, male (BMNH): 68, dorsal habitus; 69, left mesotarsus; 70–72, Piezonemus durus, paralectotype female (BMNH): 70, last abdominal ventrite (V) and pygidium in ventral view; 71, ditto in lateral view; 72, lateral habitus. Scale bars in mm.

FIGURES 81–86. Piezonemus espoch sp. n., allotype female (MTDC); 81,dorsal habitus; 82, head in dorsal view; 83, pygidium; 84, pronotum in dorsal view; 85, left antenna in dorsal view; 86, lateral habitus. Scale bars in mm.

FIGURES 73–80. Piezonemus espoch sp. n., holotype male (NMPC); 73, dorsal habitus; 74, head in dorsal view; 75, pygidium; 76, pronotum in dorsal view; 77, right antenna in dorsal view; 78, right protarsus; 79, right mesotarsus; 80, lateral habitus. Scale bars in mm.

FIGURES 12–16. Piesocorynus aspis (Erichson, 1847), female (MTDC); 12, dorsal habitus; 13, head in dorsal view; 14, pronotum in dorsal view; 15, right antenna in dorsal view; 16, lateral habitus. Scale bars in mm.

FIGURES 22–26. Botriessa sepidiopsis Jordan, 1928, female (MNHN); 22, dorsal habitus; 23, head in dorsal view; 24, pronotum in dorsal view; 25, right antenna in dorsal view; 26, lateral habitus. Scale bars in mm.

FIGURES 27–32. Phaenotherion pulskyi Frivaldszky, 1877, male (MTDC); 27, dorsal habitus; 28, head in dorsal view; 29, pronotum in dorsal view; 30, abdomen in ventral view; 31, left antenna in dorsal view; 32, lateral habitus. Scale bars in mm.

FIGURES 33–37. Phaenotheriosoma loebli Frieser, 1978, male (MTDC); 33, dorsal habitus; 34, head in dorsal view; 35, pronotum in dorsal view; 36, left antenna in dorsal view; 37, lateral habitus. Scale bars in mm.

FIGURES 38–42. Phaenotheriolum musculum Frieser, 1984, male (MTDC); 38, dorsal habitus; 39, head in dorsal view; 40, pronotum in dorsal view; 41, right antenna in dorsal view; 42, lateral habitus. Scale bars in mm.