Euarestoides pereirai Savaris & Norrbom, 2019

Savaris, Marcoandre, Norrbom, Allen L., Marinoni, Luciane & Lampert, Silvana, 2019, Revision of the genus Euarestoides Benjamin (Diptera: Tephritidae), Zootaxa 4551 (3), pp. 299-329 : 315-317

Euarestoides pereirai Savaris & Norrbom , n. sp.

Figs. 1 , 10–11 , 30–33 , 42 , 48 , 54 , 58

Euarestoides sp.: Prado et al. 2002: 1018 [distribution, host plants]; Savaris et al. 2015: 18 [distribution, host plant].

Diagnosis. This species differs from all other species of Euarestoides in having the reticulation on the basal half of the wing reduced to isolated gray or pale brown spots ( Figs. 10–11 ). It further differs from E. bimaculatus and E. rionegrensis in having a completely darkened border on the anterodistal margin of the reticulate area between the pterostigma and crossvein r-m. It differs from E. abstersus , E. acutangulus and E. dreisbachi in having a distinct dark spot in cell r 4+5 within the subapical stellate mark ( Figs. 10–11 ) and the acrophallus of the glans without an apical lobe ( Fig. 54 ). It further differs from E. acutangulus and E. dreisbachi in having the apical ray in cell r 1 broad, similar to the subapical ray, and it differs from E. abstersus in having the darker border on the anterodistal margin of the reticulate area between the pterostigma and crossvein r-m reaching the costa subapically in the pterostigma (the pterostigma with a small hyaline spot between the dark border and the apex of vein R 1), the aculeus lateral margin not serrate, and the medial prensiseta strongly curved ( Fig. 42 ).

Description. Body length 2.36–2.71 mm, mostly yellow to brown in ground color. Setae generally pale brown ( Fig. 1 ).

Head: Slightly higher (0.60–0.74 mm) than long (0.48–0.56 mm). Generally yellow, frons yellow to orange, ocellar tubercle dark brown, and occiput brown medially and with brown mark sublaterally extended nearly to vertical seta. Frons length (0.31–0.34 mm) less than width at vertex (0.36–0.39 mm), slightly narrowed to anterior margin (0.31–0.36 mm). Gena with few small setulae acuminate, pale brown on middle and ventral margin; genal seta acuminate, pale brown; gena height to eye long diameter ratio 0.17–0.23. Eye ovoid, long diameter 0.49–0.63 mm, width 0.46–0.51 mm. Antenna testaceous yellow, first flagellomere more long than wide. Maxillary palpus pale brown at apex with 2-3 distinct acuminate setulae.

Thorax: Length 0.94–1.09 mm, ground color of scutum dark brown, of scutellum brown dorsally and yellow lateral and ventral.

Wing ( Figs. 10–11 ): Length 2.40–3.23 mm, width 0.82–1.18 mm. Area between pterostigma and crossvein r-m mostly hyaline with few brown or gray spots, with complete darker border along anterodistal margin crossing of pterostigma ending anteriorly on costal vein; rest of pterostigma hyaline. Cell r 1 with 3 rays in marginal part, most proximal ray narrow, distal two rays broad, most distal as broad as or subequal to subapical ray; rays bordering 3 marginal hyaline marks: largest immediately distad of pterostigma, oblique and reaching to or almost to vein R 4+5; second mark triangular, extended almost to vein R 2+3; and small triangular or quadrate subapical mark not reaching vein R 2+3. Cell r 2+3 with 2 marginal hyaline spots (with complete medial dark ray). Cell r 4+5 with hyaline spot bordering crossvein r-m oblong reaching veins R 4+5 and M 1; apical rays complete, narrowly apically (slightly wider distally than basally); distinct medial dark spot reaching vein R 4+5 near base of apical rays within the subapical stellate mark; subbasal hyaline spot near anterior end of crossvein dm-m small, no more than half width of cell. Cell dm with subapical ray arising from basal area of crossvein r-m. Cells bm, cu a and m 4 and anal lobe with few pale brown to gray spots usually not connected. Dark ray over crossvein dm-m and 2 dark rays crossing cell m 1 all reaching posterior wing margin. Basal marginal hyaline mark in cell m 1 reaching vein M 1 (first ray and ray on dmm not connected).Halter whitish to yellow.

Legs: Entirely yellow.

Abdomen: Ground color dark brown.

Female terminalia: Oviscape yellow, length 0.83–0.94 mm, width 0.60–0.68 mm at base and 0.20–0.22 mm at apex; with evenly distributed white setulae. Eversible membrane ( Fig. 30 ) length 0.98–1.00 mm. Aculeus ( Fig. 31 ) pale brown, length 1.00– 1.02 mm, tip triangular, length 0.14–0.16 mm, with lateral margin nonserrate ( Fig. 32 ). Spermathecae ( Fig. 33 ) subspherical length 0.11–0.12 mm.

Male terminalia: Lateral surstylus with apex distinct sclerotized ( Figs. 42 , 48 ). Medial surstylus with prensisetae subequal and medial prensiseta distinctly curved; lateral prensiseta ca. ¾ as long as medial prensiseta ( Fig. 42 ). Phallapodeme 0.37–0.39 mm long, mostly dark brown. Glans 0.26–0.28 mm long, without apical lobe ( Fig. 54 ); vesica very short.

Distribution. Neotropical. Brazil (Bahia, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, São Paulo) ( Fig. 58 ). Elevational records range from 610 to 822 m.

Biology. This species has been reared from flowerheads of Moquiniastrum densicephalum (Cabrera) G. Sancho and Moquiniastrum hatschbachii (Cabrera) G. Sancho. Savaris et al. (2015) reported that it breeds in Moquiniastrum polymorphum (Less.) G. Sancho (Gochnatieae) and Prado et al. (2002) in Moquiniastrum barrosoae (Cabrera) G. Sancho , Moquiniastrum floribundum (Cabrera) G. Sancho and Richterago discoidea (Less.) Kuntze. Adults have been collected in February, March, September and October.

Type data. The holotype male is labeled “ BRASIL: S[ão] P[aulo], Votorantim , SP 0 79, km 103, 28.ii.2014, 23°36'31.51"S, 47°28'02.52"O, 738 m, Rede entomol., M. Savaris ” / “ HOLOTYPE ♂ Euarestoides pereirai Savaris & Norrbom” [red] / “ USNMENT00118524 ” [plastic bar code label]. The holotype is double mounted (minuten), is in excellent condition, and is deposited in the DZUP . Paratypes: same data as holotype, 6♂ 3♀ ( USNM USNMENT00262496–97 , USNMENT00118517 , DZUP USNMENT00118519–23 , USNMENT 00119507 ) . BRASIL. Bahia: Palmeiras , 12°30'25.20"S 41°34'46.49"W, 822 m, 1 Oct 2012, Luminosa, A. M. Silva-Neto, 1♂ ( DZUP USNMENT00262504 ) . Minas Gerais: Diamantina, São João da Chapada, Serra da Guiné , 18°6.6'S 43°44.08'W, 7 Sep 1996, Lewinsohn, Prado, Santos, Silva, PIC96683, 1♂ ( USNM) 7♂ 13♀ ( ZUEC) . Joaquim Felício, Serra do Cabral , cerrado, 17°43.56'S 44°11.17'W, 3 Sep 1996, Lewinsohn, Prado, Santos, Silva, PIC96624, 1♀ ( USNM) 13♂ 22♀ ( ZUEC) ; Serra do Cabral, Fazenda da Onça , 17°42.02'S 44°13.77'W, 17 Jul 1995, T. Lewinsohn, P. Prado, B. Buys, V. Motta, PIC95290, 4♂ 1♀ ( ZUEC) . Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó , 19°13.91"S 43°30.37"W, 26 Jul 1995, PIC95447, T. Lewinsohn, P. Prado, B. Buys, V. Motta, 6♂ 2♀ ( ZUEC) ; Santana do Riacho, Parque Nacional da Serra do Cipó , trilha alta, WP-181, 19.36005°S 43.60734°W, 831 m, emerged 28 Sep 2016, reared ex flowerheads of Moquiniastrum densicephalum (Cabrera) G. Sancho (BOT-069), coll. 11 Sep 2016, M. Savaris, S. Lampert, A. L. Norrbom, L. Wendt, 1♀ ( ESALQ ESALQ6936-1 ) ; Santana do Riacho , MG-10, at stream crossing with old bridge, WP 185, 19.29114°S 43.56866°W, 1226 m, emerged 25 Sep 2016, reared ex flowerheads of Moquiniastrum hatschbachii (Cabrera) G. Sancho (BOT-084), coll. 12 Sep 2016, M. Savaris, S. Lampert, A. L. Norrbom, L. Wendt, 1♂ 2♀ ( ESALQ ESALQ6936-2 – 4 ) . Paraná: Colombo: Jardim Belo Rincão , WP-201, 25°22'20.51"S 49°8'29.79"W, 947 m, 15 Oct 2016, sweeping, M. Savaris, S. Lampert, 1♂ 1♀ ( MSPC USNMENT 01232003 –04) . Rio de Janeiro: Marich, acesso a Barra , 4 Mar 1986, ex capitula Moquiniastrum polymorphum (Less.) G. Sancho (17002), TLT 170, T. M. Lewinsohn, R. F. Monteiro, 2♂ ( USNM) . Rio Grande do Sul: Passo Fundo , 28°14'29.88"S 52°27'28.70"W, 610 m, 8 Mar 2009, reared from flowerheads of Moquiniastrum polymorphum (Less.) G. Sancho, M. Savaris , 1♂ ( MUZAR USNMENT00119506 ) ; Passo Fundo , 28°14'30.23"S 52°27'35.64"W, 13 Feb 2009, M. Savaris, 2♀ ( DZUP USNMENT00118535–36 ) 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT00118532 ) . Santa Catarina: Nova Teutônia 27°11'S 52°23'W, 300-500 m, 13 Oct 1961, Fritz Plaumann, 1♀ ( CNC) .

Etymology. This species is named to honor Paulo Roberto Valle da Silva Pereira, a Brazilian research entomologist and early mentor of the senior author.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Habitus, dorsal: Euarestoides pereirai Savaris & Norrbom (♂, Brazil: São Paulo, Votorantim, USNMENT00118527). Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 58. Distribution map for Euarestoides: (○) E. abstersus (Loew). (●) E. acutangulus (Thomson). (☆) E. bimaculatus Savaris & Norrbom. (Δ) E. dreisbachi Foote. (■) E. pereirai Savaris & Norrbom. (□) E. rionegrensis Savaris & Norrbom.

FIGURES 2‒13. Wings: 2–3, E. abstersus (♂, USA: New Jersey, Atlantic City, USNMENT00262501; ♀, Delaware, Rehoboth, USNMENT00262502); 4–6, E. acutangulus (♂, USA: California, Riverside, USNMENT00262498; ♀, Palm Springs USNMENT00262499; ♂, Peru: Cusco, Urcos, USNMENT00262500); 7, E. bimaculatus Savaris & Norrbom (♀, Peru: Cusco, Ollantaytambo, USNMENT00744411); 8–9, E. dreisbachi (♂, ♀, Guatemala: Huehuetenango, San Idelfonso Ixtahuacan, USNMENT00671472; USNMENT00671474); 10–11, E. pereirai Savaris & Norrbom (♂, ♀, Brazil: São Paulo, Votorantim, USNMENT00262496–97); 12–13, E. rionegrensis Savaris & Norrbom (♂, ♂, Colombia: Antioquia, Rionegro, USNMENT00262577–78). Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 26‒37. Female terminalia (eversible membrane, aculeus, aculeus tip, and spermatheca): 26–29, E. dreisbachi (Guatemala: Huehuetenango, San Idelfonso Ixtahuacan, USNMENT00671605); 30–33, E. pereirai Savaris & Norrbom (Brazil: São Paulo, Votorantim, USNMENT00262601); 34–37, E. rionegrensis Savaris & Norrbom (Colombia: Tolima, Cajamarca, USNMENT00875332). Scale bar = 0.10 mm.

FIGURES 38‒43. Male terminalia (epandrium, surstyli and proctiger, posterior): 38, E. abstersus (USA: New Jersey, Atlantic City, USNMENT00262604); 39, E. acutangulus (Mexico: Baja California, USNMENT00262606); 40, E. bimaculatus Savaris & Norrbom (Peru: Cusco, Carretera Manu, USNMENT00875891); 41, E. dreisbachi (Guatemala: Huehuetenango, San Idelfonso Ixtahuacan, USNMENT00671469); 42, E. pereirai Savaris & Norrbom (Brazil: Bahia, Palmeiras, USNMENT00262504); 43, E. rionegrensis Savaris & Norrbom (Colombia: Antioquia, Rionegro, USNMENT00262578). Scale bar = 0.10 mm.

FIGURES 44‒49. Male terminalia (epandrium, surstyli and proctiger, lateral): 44, E. abstersus (USA: New Jersey, Atlantic City, USNMENT00262604); 45, E. acutangulus (Mexico: Baja California, USNMENT00262606); 46, E. bimaculatus Savaris & Norrbom (Peru: Cusco, Carretera Manu, USNMENT00875891); 47, E. dreisbachi (Guatemala: Huehuetenango, San Idelfonso Ixtahuacan, USNMENT00671469); 48, E. pereirai Savaris & Norrbom (Brazil: Bahia, Palmeiras, USNMENT00262504); 49, E. rionegrensis Savaris & Norrbom (Colombia: Antioquia, Rionegro, USNMENT00262578). Scale bar = 0.10 mm.

FIGURES 50‒55. Male terminalia (glans and phallus, lateral): 50, E. abstersus (USA: New Jersey, Atlantic City, USNMENT00262604); 51, E. acutangulus (Mexico: Baja California, USNMENT00262606); 52, E. bimaculatus Savaris & Norrbom (Peru: Cusco, Carretera Manu, USNMENT00875891); 53, E. dreisbachi (Guatemala: Huehuetenango, San Idelfonso Ixtahuacan, USNMENT00671469); 54, E. pereirai Savaris & Norrbom (Brazil: Bahia, Palmeiras, USNMENT00262504); 55, E. rionegrensis Savaris & Norrbom (Colombia: Antioquia, Rionegro, USNMENT00262578). Scale bar = 0.10 mm.