Cyriocosmus hoeferi, Kaderka, 2015

Kaderka, Radan, 2015, The Neotropical genus Cyriocosmus Simon, 1903 and new species from Peru, Brazil and Venezuela (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae), Journal of Natural History 50, pp. 393-465 : 419-424

Cyriocosmus hoeferi sp. nov.

( Figures 12 – 14 , 26e – h , 28a , 29d , Tables 8, 9)

Types

Male holotype ( INPA 8803 , formerly SMNK-ARA 0956 ) from Brazil, Manaus, Reserva Florestal Ducke, 42°55 ʹ 40 ʹʹ S, 59°58 ʹ 10 ʹʹ W, 18 March 1992, Hubert Höfer and Thierry Gasnier col .; one female paratype ( SMFD) and one male paratype ( SMFD) from Brazil, Amazonas , Manaus , Rio Tarumã, 2 km from the confluence with Rio Negro, 3°01 ʹ 10.4 ʹʹ S, 60°06 ʹ 33.6 ʹʹ W, June 1995, N . C. Gordon & R . C. West col. (found in fossorial retreats at base of rotting mossy stump in primary tropical forest).

Etymology

The specific name is a patronym in honour of Dr Hubert Höfer, who found and photographed this new species in the Amazon rainforest near Manaus, Brazil.

Diagnosis

Cyriocosmus hoeferi sp. nov. can be distinguished from all other congeners by its black carapace with two lateral whitish stripes, abdomen with four lateral stripes, joined neither basally nor apically with urticating setae patch, and by the short and wide paraembolic apophysis in male palpal bulb. The spermathecae are without sclerotized basal plates, both spiral necks are basally almost joined.

Distribution ( Figures 36 , 38 )

Known only from the two localities in the Central Brazilian Amazon. The region is originally covered with lowland rainforest.

Description

Male (SMNK-ARA 0956) ( Figures 12a , 13 , 26g, h , 28a ): Total length: 10.3, carapace length 5.4, width 4.6, chelicerae with 8 teeth on promargin. Cheliceral teeth pattern from basal end: right side: vVvv-v-VVV, 4 small and 4 big teeth. Left side: vVvv-v-VVV, 4 small and 4 big teeth. Anterior eye row procurved, posterior eye row recurved. Eye sizes and interdistances ( Figure 13f ): AME 0.27 (circular), ALE 0.25 (oval), PME 0.16, PLE 0.16 (oval), AME – AME 0.06, AME – ALE 0.05, PME – PME 0.44, PME – PLE 0.03, ALE – PLE 0.11, AME – PME 0.05, OQ length 0.455, width 0.923. Ocular tubercle: length 0.728, width 0.923. Clypeus absent. Fovea transverse, straight, width 0.34, 3.56 from anterior edge of carapace. Labium length 0.62, width 1.09, anterior quarter with 43 cuspules, maxillae with 108 – 113 cuspules in anterior basal half, a few of them extending beyond the half. Sternum length 2.69, width 2.26, three pairs of sternal sigilla located near coxae III (length 0.19, 0.13 from edge of sternum), coxae II and coxae I. Leg pattern: IV>I>II>III. Incrassate leg segments: femur III.

Scopulae: All tarsi 100% densely scopulate, metatarsi I, II 50%, metatarsi III 40%, metatarsi IV 20% scopulate. Tarsal scopulae I integral, in tarsi II, III divided by longitudinal line of setae, in tarsi IV divided by narrow longitudinal band of setae.

Spination: femora I d 0-0-1, II 0, III d 0-0-1, IV 0 and femora of palp 0; patellae I – IV and patellae of palp 0; tibiae I v 1-0-0, r 0-0-1 (apical), II v 3-0-2 (apical), p 0-1-0, III v 0-2-2 (apical), p 0-1-0, r 0-1-0, IV v 0-2-2 (apical), p 0-1-0, r 0-0-1 and tibiae of palps 0; metatarsi I v 0-0-1 (apical), II v 0-1-1 (apical), III v 0-1-2 (apical), p 1-1-1, r 0-1-1, IV v 1-2-3 (apical), d 0-2-2, tarsi I – IV and tarsi of palps 0.

Palpal organ as in Figure 26g, h , embolus with short triangular PA reaching approximately half of embolus, smooth triangular PS keel is fused with PA. Tegulum with distinct granulated TP, projecting prolaterally. Retrolateral face of cymbium without basal field of spiniform setae, prolateral cymbial lobe longer than retrolateral one. Retrolateral face of palpal tibia with distinct subapical protuberance not covered with cluster of numerous spiniform setae but with setae only ( Figure 13g ). Two unequal subapical apophyses are present on tibia I ( Figure 28a ): a longer retrolateral tibial apophysis with short, stout subapical spine, a shorter prolateral tibial apophysis with single, well-developed retrolateral spine at base and approximately of the same length as prolateral tibial apophysis. Metatarsus I not sigmoidly curved and without basal or median protuberance on retrolateral face. Metatarsus I flexion is between both tibial apophyses.

Abdomen: urticating setae of type III are located in central glossy patch. PLS: length 4.00, basal segment 1.27, middle segment 1.01, apical segment 1.72, all digitiform. PMS: 0.65.

Coloration and covering setae: dorsal view ( Figures 12a , 13a ): carapace black with yellowish peripheral stripes, 0.4 – 0.5 wide, joined neither anteriorly nor posteriorly, coxae, trochantera, femora, patellae, tibiae and metatarsi black with longitudinal whitish stripes, tarsi black, chelicerae black, dorsally covered with yellowish pubescence. Patellae I, II and palpal patella with two indistinct longitudinal stripes without covering setae, patellae III, IV with single indistinct diagonal stripe. Abdomen ( Figure 13d ) covered with short black setae, intermixed with long, dark setae in posterior part, except central oval reddish patch and four pale lateral stripes, joined neither basally nor apically with central patch. Length of central patch: 2.08, width 1.88. Ventral view ( Figure 13b ): coloration damaged by long-term preservation in alcohol. Abdomen ventrally with indistinct longitudinal band ( Figure 13e ). Spinnerets grey.

Female (SMFD) ( Figures 12b , 14a – 14f , 29d ): Total length: 14.1, carapace length 6.2, width 5.6, chelicerae with 8 teeth on promargin. Cheliceral teeth pattern from basal end: right side: vVVVVVVV, 1 small and 7 big teeth. Left side: vVVVVVVV, 1 small and 7 big teeth. Anterior eye row slightly procurved, posterior eye row recurved. Eye sizes and interdistances ( Figure 14f ): AME 0.29 (circular), ALE 0.30 (oval), PME 0.16, PLE 0.21 (oval), AME – AME 0.08, AME – ALE 0.10, PME – PME 0.57, PME – PLE 0.06, ALE – PLE 0.13, AME – PME 0.08, OQ length 0.59, width 1.21. Ocular tubercle: length 0.86, width 1.21, clypeus absent. Fovea transverse, procurved, width 0.8, 3.9 from anterior edge of carapace. Labium length 0.9, width 1.2, anterior quarter with 48 cuspules, maxillae with 130 cuspules. Oval sternum, length 3.3, width 2.9, with three visible pairs of sternal sigilla located near coxae III (length 0.31, 0.16 from edge of sternum), coxae II and coxae I. Leg pattern: IV>I>II>III. All leg segments uniform, except slightly incrassate femora III.

Scopulae: All tarsi 100% densely scopulate, metatarsi I 70%, metatarsi II, III 60%, metatarsi IV 15% scopulate. Tarsal scopulae I integral, in tarsi II divided by longitudinal line of setae, in tarsi III divided by longitudinal band of setae, in tarsi IV divided by wide band of setae.

Spination: femora I – IV and femora of palps 0; patellae I – IV and patellae of palps 0; tibiae I-II 0, III v 0-0-2 (apical), r 0-1-0, IV v 0-0-2 (apical), r 0-0-1 and tibiae of palps v 0-0-2 (apical); metatarsi I v 0-0-1 (apical), II v 0-0-1 (apical), III v 0-2-3 (apical), p 1-0-1, r 0-0-1, IV v 1-2-3 (apical), p 0-1-1, r 0-0-1, tarsi I – IV and tarsi of palps 0.

Spermathecae ( Figure 29d ): two separated spiral seminal receptacles, distally terminated with shallow caliciform extension, without sclerotized basal plates, basally almost joined.

Abdomen: urticating setae of type III are located in central glossy patch. PLS: length 5.07, basal segment 1.69, middle segment 1.56, apical segment 1.82, all digitiform. PMS: 0.78.

Coloration and covering setae: dorsal view ( Figures 12b , 14a ): carapace black with two narrow whitish lateral stripes, joined neither anteriorly nor posteriorly, coxae, trochantera, femora, patellae, tibiae and metatarsi black with whitish longitudinal stripes. Tarsi black. All femora with two longitudinal stripes without covering setae, one of them on retrolateral face, the other on dorsal face. Patellae I, II with two longitudinal stripes, patellae III, IV with unequal diagonal stripes without covering setae. Femur I prolaterally bare. Abdomen black ( Figure 14d ), except central oval reddish glossy patch. Length of central patch: 3.1, width 2.5. Ventral view ( Figure 14b ): coloration damaged by long-term preservation in alcohol. Abdomen ventrally with indistinct longitudinal band ( Figure 14e ).

Variability

The variability in morphology of male palpal bulbs is shown on Figure 26e – h . The PS keel in the male from Rio Tarumã is not so pronounced as in the male holotype where it is subtriangular. Further comparative study of the specimens from both populations isolated by Rio Tarumã is necessary. The variability in the length of the carapace, the number and the arrangement of the cheliceral teeth, the number of labial and maxillary cuspules, the leg pattern and the spination of tibial apophyses is shown in Table 3.

Figures

Figure 12. Cyriocosmus hoeferi sp. nov. (a) Male holotype (INPA 8803, formerly SMNK-ARA 0956) from Brazil, Manaus, Reserva florestal Adolpho Ducke (photo by Hubert Höfer). (b) Female paratype (SMFD) from Brazil, Manaus, 2 km up Rio Tarumã, off Rio Negro (photo by Rick C. West). Scale bar = 10 mm.

Figure 13. Cyriocosmus hoeferi sp. nov., male holotype (INPA 8803, formerly SMNK-ARA 0956) from Brazil Manaus, Reserva florestal Adolpho Ducke. (a) Carapace, coxae and trochantera, dorsal view. (b) Sternum, labium, coxae and trochantera, ventral view. (c–e) Abdomen with striped pattern and the indistinct longitudinal ventral band, (c) lateral, (d) dorsal and (e) ventral view. (f) Ocular tubercle, dorsal view. (g) Cymbium without bulb and tibia of left palp, arrow shows indistinct retrolateral process covered only with setae, retrolateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Figure 14. Cyriocosmus hoeferi sp. nov., female paratype (SMFD) from Brazil, Manaus, 2 km up Rio Tarumã, off Rio Negro. (a) Carapace, coxae, trochantera and chelicerae, dorsal view. (b) Sternum, labium, coxae and trochantera, ventral view. (c) Abdomen with striped pattern, lateral view. (d, e) Abdomen, (d) dorsal view, (e) ventral view. (f) Ocular tubercle, dorsal view. Scale bar = 1 mm (a–c, f). Scale bar = 10 mm (d, e).

Figure 26. (a, b) Cyriocosmus ritae Pérez-Miles, 1998, male (NMPC P6A-5731, formerly RKCP 0347) from Peru, Iquitos, the Amazon River, Las Palmas. Morphology of right male palpal bulb, (a) prolateral view, (b) retrolateral view. (c, d) Cyriocosmus sellatus (Simon 1889), male allotype (MNHN AR 12331, formerly MNHN 8102) from Upper Amazonas. Morphology of right male palpal bulb, (c) prolateral view, (d) retrolateral view. (e, f) Cyriocosmus hoeferi sp. nov., male paratype (SMFD) from Brazil, Manaus, Rio Tarumã. Morphology of right male palpal bulb, (e) prolateral view, (f) retrolateral view. (g, h) Cyriocosmus hoeferi sp. nov., male holotype (INPA 8803, formerly SMNK- ARA 0956) from Brazil, Manaus, Reserva Ducke. Morphology of left male palpal bulb, (g) prolateral view, (h) retrolateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Figure 28. (a) Cyriocosmus hoeferi sp. nov., male holotype (INPA 8803, formerly SMNK-ARA 0956) from Brazil, Manaus, Reserva Ducke. Right tibia I with apophyses, prolaterally ventral view. (b) Cyriocosmus giganteus sp. nov., male holotype (MUSM-ENT 0505244) from Peru, Loreto, Estación Biológica Quebrada Blanco. Left tibia I with apophyses, prolaterally ventral view. (c) Cyriocosmus nicholausgordoni sp. nov., male holotype (SMFD) from Venezuela, Amazonas, Puerto Ayacucho, Pozo Crystal. Left tibia I with apophyses, prolaterally ventral view. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Figure 29. (a) Cyriocosmus peruvianus sp. nov., female paratype (NMPC P6A-5726, formerly RKCP 0363) from Peru, Iquitos, Rio Nanay, village of Cuyana. Spermathecae with two separated spiral seminal receptacles, terminated with a caliciform extension, ventral view. (b) Cyriocosmus itayensis sp. nov., female paratype (NMPC P6A-5728, formerly RKCP 0367) from Peru, Iquitos, Rio Itaya. Spermathecae with two separated spiral seminal receptacles, terminated with a globular extension, ventral view. (c) Cyriocosmus aueri sp. nov., female paratype (NMPC P6A-5730, formerly RKCP 0541) from Peru, Iquitos, the Amazon River, Nuevo Umaral. Spermathecae with two separated spiral seminal receptacles, terminated with a globular extension, ventral view. (d) Cyriocosmus hoeferi sp. nov., female (SMFD) from Brazil, Manaus, the Tarumã River, spermathecae with two spiral seminal receptacles, terminated with a shallow caliciform extension, ventral view. (e) Cyriocosmus pribiki Pérez-Miles and Weinmann, 2009, female paratype (SMFD 60238, fragmented female) from Peru, Amazonas, Tingo, Gualap. Spermathecae with two separated spiral seminal receptacles, terminated with a globular extension, including uterus externus, dorsal view. (f) Cyriocosmus ritae Pérez-Miles, 1998, female (NMPC P6A-5732, formerly RKCP 0348) from Peru, Iquitos, the Amazon River, Las Palmas, spermathecae with two spiral seminal receptacles, terminated with a caliciform extension, ventral view. (g) Cyriocosmus williamlamari sp. nov., female holotype (SMFD) from Venezuela, Apure, Rio Caicara, Hato El Cedral. Spermathecae with two separated spiral seminal receptacles, terminated with a caliciform extension, ventral view. (h) Cyriocosmus sp., female (MUSM-ENT 0506719) from Peru, Madre de Dios, Puerto Maldonado. Spermathecae with two separated spiral seminal receptacles, terminated with a globular extension, ventral view. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Figure 36. Distribution map of the Neotropic genus Cyriocosmus. Scale bar: 1000 km.

Figure 38. Distribution map of the new Cyriocosmus hoeferi sp.