Lomaridium Presl (1851: 514–515)

Dittrich, Vinícius Antonio De Oliveira, Salino, Alexandre, Monteiro, Reinaldo & Gasper, André Luís De, 2017, The family Blechnaceae (Polypodiopsida) in Brazil: key to the genera and taxonomic treatment of Austroblechnum, Cranfillia, Lomaridium, Neoblechnum and Telmatoblechnum for southern and southeastern Brazil, Phytotaxa 303 (1), pp. 1-33 : 16-18

3. Lomaridium Presl (1851: 514–515)

Type: Lomaridium plumieri ( Desvaux 1811: 325) Presl (1851: 515)

Plants hemiepiphytic; rhizomes long-creeping, climbing trees or ascending to erect, non-stoloniferous, stout, clothed by mostly bicolorous, long-lanceolate, denticulate or entire (rare) scales; fronds dimorphic; stipes stout, long, stramineous or brown to dark brown, proximally with scales like those on rhizomes, glabrous or minutely but densely papillose; blades concolorous or bicolorous, the adaxial side dark green, abaxially silver-green, lanceolate or ovate-deltate, deeply pinnatisect or pinnate in the proximal half, usually with many pairs of greatly reduced, auriculate or vestigial pinnae proximally, distally pinnatifid, sometimes with an entire, acuminate blade tip; rachises glabrous or with scattered minute hairs, often atropurpureous; buds absent; aerophores absent; pinnae adnate, oblong-acute to linear-attenuate or narrowly triangular, sometimes falcate, margins entire, slightly revolute; veins free, simple or once forked, ending near margins in enlarged vein tips adaxially; sori linear, covered by linear indusia, these entire to subentire; x = 29, 32.

Only one species in the study area, L. plumieri .

Lomaridium plumieri (Desv.) Presl (1851: 515) . Lomaria plumieri Desvaux (1811: 325) . Type:—Habitat in Antillis, without date, anon. s.n. (holotype P00627576). Fig. 5A–C .

Lomaridium pteropus (Kunze) Gasper & V.A.O.Dittrich in Gasper et al. (2016a: 212). Blechnum pteropus (Kunze) Mettenius (1856: 61) . Lomaria pteropus Kunze (1842: 97) (nom. nov. for Acrostichum heterophyllum Raddi , non Lomaria heterophylla Desvaux (1811: 330) , nec Blechnum heterophyllum (Desv.) Schlechtendal (1827: 37)) . Acrostichum heterophyllum Raddi (1825: 5) . Type:— BRAZIL, Rio de Janeiro, Mandiocca, G. Raddi (PI, photo in Pichi Sermolli & Bizzarri (2005), isotypes FI, K, photo).

Plants terrestrial, epipetric,hemiepiphytic or holoepiphytic; rhizomes long creeping,densely clothed with tan, denticulate or not, mostly with a dark central stripe, linear-lanceolate to linear scales, 5–13 × 0.1–1.2 mm, apices uniseriate; fronds dimorphic, the fertile longer or shorter than the sterile, 46–76 cm long, the sterile 44–102 cm long; stipes of the sterile fronds 3.2–23 cm long, 2.4–4.8 mm diam., adaxially shallowly grooved, stramineous to atropurpureous, proximally with scales similar to those on rhizomes; stipes of the fertile leaves 3.1–14.5 cm long; sterile blades 38–87 × 12–32 cm, papiraceous to chartaceous, glabrous, completely pinnatisect or pinnate at base and pinnatisect toward apices, lanceolate to ovate, gradually reduced toward apices and pinnatifid or reduced to a subconform terminal pinna, truncate at base, with the basal-most pinna pair long decurrent on the stipes or with (0)2–7(11) pairs of vestigial pinnae toward rhizomes; fertile blades 38–55 × 5.7–18 cm, pinnate, linear-elliptic to elliptic, more or less abruptly reduced toward base; rachis adaxially glabrous, abaxially with linear, sparse scales, in fertile fronds sometimes proximally narrowly alate; sterile pinnae 9–33 pairs, 6.7–20 × 1.4–1.8 cm, slightly to strongly ascending, broadly adnate, sursumcurrent or (mainly apical ones) strongly sursumcurrent, linear to linear-oblong, margins entire, plane or slightly revolute, apices acute to acuminate; fertile pinnae 15–23 pairs, 7.1–11.5 cm × 3.3–3.5 mm, linear; veins free, simple or once forked, the proximal commonly arising from rachis, with clavate ends behind the margin.

Distribution and habitat: — Brazil (Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul), furthermore Paraguay, Uruguay [first record], Argentina and somewhere in Antilles (type specimen). Distribution uncertain: the limits between taxa in this genus are very ill defined, and a thorough revision of it is needed. This species is fairly common in the study area and it is not threatened in Brazil. It occurs in forests (climbing by rhizomes or as holoepiphytes, on tree ferns or angiosperms, without any obvious preference for phorophytes at the study area), but also over rocks covered with humus and on ravines in the edge of forests. In the study area the species can be found from 0–1,800 m in tropical rain forests, seasonal deciduous or semideciduous forests, Araucaria forests, restingas, and riverine forests in grassland-dominated regions. Field observations indicate that this species needs to climb on a phorophyte in order to produce fertile fronds.

Comments:— young plants of this species can be confused with Austroblechnum lehmannii in the study area, but they differ by the proximal pinnae—semicircular and closer to each other in A. lehmannii , vestigial, non semicircular and distant or normal, not very reduced in L. plumieri . Furthermore, L. plumieri has long creeping rhizomes, whereas A. lehmannii has decumbent or sometimes erect rhizomes.

The name Blechnum plumieri (Desv.) Mett. (= Lomaridium plumieri ) has been misapplied to Blechnum sampaioanum Brade (= Cranfillia mucronata ) by Sehnem (1968) and seemingly was never used for the taxon known as Blechnum acutum ( Desvaux 1827: 290) Mettenius (1864: 225) (= Lomaridium acutum (Desv.) Gasper & V.A.O.Dittrich ). According to Morton & Lellinger (1967), the name was based solely in a description and plate by Plumier of a plant from Martinique, but the senior author has seen the type of Lomaria acuta Desv. at P. In Brazilian herbaria, the name most commonly applied to this taxon is Blechnum binervatum (Poir.) C.V.Morton & Lellinger subsp. acutum (Desv.) Tryon & Stolze (1993: 64) . At P, the senior author had the opportunity to examine type specimens and other materials collected in tropical America, and verified that the plant described as Lomaria acuta by Desvaux (= Lomaridium acutum ) is not the same as Brazilian, Paraguayan and Argentinian plants. The pinnae, in L. acutum , are cuneate at base and slightly adnate, while the pinnae in Lomaridium plumieri are broadly adnate (sursumcurrent). Also, L. acutum is fully pinnate, whereas L. plumieri is pinnate only at the very base. Finally, sterile pinna apices are acute to acuminate in L. plumieri , long-acuminate in L. acutum . But this is just the tip of the iceberg, since the problem of which name must be applied to the southeastern and eastern South American plants only starts. Many species in this genus were described and it is not easy to decide which materials match exactly the plant described by Desvaux. Notwithstanding, some type specimens match very well the plants from southeastern Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina, viz. Lomaria angustifolia Kunth in Humboldt et al. (1815: 18), Lomaria meridensis Klotzsch (1847: 345) , Lomaria martinicensis Sprengel (1822: 5) and Lomaria plumieri Desv. The oldest of these names is Lomaria plumieri , published in 1811 by Desvaux and transferred to Lomaridium forty years later by Presl (1851). Thus, the proper name to be applied to Brazilian, Argentinian, Paraguayan and Uruguayan plants is Lomaridium plumieri (Desv.) Mett. , not Lomaridium acutum (Desv.) Gasper & V.A.O.Dittrich. Lomaridium fragile (as Blechnum fragile (Liebm.) Morton & Lellinger (1967: 68)) was cited for Brazil by Sylvestre (1994), but no material of this species has been seen for the country, the species occurring mostly in Central America and Andean countries.

The type specimen of Acrostichum heterophyllum (= Lomaridium pteropus ) is a bit different of most plants we consider as L. plumieri , having winged stipes. Notwithstanding, we find many intermediate specimens between this form and the more common form found in L. plumieri and, for now, we prefer to treat all of them as L. plumieri , pending a comprehensive revision of Lomaridium .

Additional specimens examined:— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Araponga, Parque Estadual da Serra do Brigadeiro , proximidades da Sede, 1,400 m, 07 October 1999, A. Salino 4895 ( BHCB) ; Barbacena, Futuro Distrito Industrial de Barbacena , ca. 1,150 m, 09 December 2002, V.A.O. Dittrich & A. Salino 1260 ( HRCB) ; Belo Vale , 20°26’37”S, 43°56’10”W, 1,300 m, 23 October 2001, A. Salino & F.A. Carvalho 7662 ( BHCB, HRCB) ; Caldas , without date, G.A. Lindberg s.n. (K) ; idem, Pocinhos do Rio Verde , ca. 21°56’S, 46°23’W, 1,150 –1,200 m, 16 June 1995, M.R. Pietrobom-Silva 1907 ( SJRP) ; Camanducaia, Pinheirão , 22°42’53”S, 46°09’17”W, ca. 1,720 m, 19 October 2001, L.C.N. Melo et al. 169, 170 ( BHCB, HRCB) ; Carangola , 1,200 m, 01 April 1987, L. Krieger & R.F.N. Camargo s.n. ( CESJ 21478 , MBM 277106 , UEC 77492 ) ; Catas Altas, Serra do Caraça, Parque Natural , trilha para a Capelinha , 18 December 1999, A. Salino 4991 ( BHCB, HRCB) ; Juiz de Fora, Teixeiras , 14 August 1970, L. Krieger s.n. ( CESJ 9188 ) ; Moeda, Serra da Moeda , km 2 da Estrada da Moeda , 20°18’S, 43°58’W, 1,500 m, 15 November 1987, C.N. Ferreira s.n. ( BHCB 11433 , UEC 63328 ) ; Nova Lima, Estação Ecológica de Fechos , 20°03’58”W, 43°57’33”W, 30 January 2002, F.A. Carvalho et al. 54 ( BHCB) ; Ouro Branco , 22 June 1984, L. Krieger s.n. ( CESJ 20635 , HRCB 39052 ) ; Ouro Preto, Camarinhas , 1937, J. Badini s.n. ( OUPR 10476 ) ; Poços de Caldas, Serra dos Poços , rodovia Poços de Caldas— Andradas , ca. 9 km da cidade, ca. 21°47’S, 46°34’W, ca. 1,250 m, 16 June 1995, M.R. Pietrobom-Silva 1973 ( SJRP) ; Santa Bárbara, Serra do Caraça , 06 December 1989, W. Oliveira 3, 28 ( SJRP) ; São Roque de Minas, Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra, Casca d’Anta , 20°18’20”S, 46°31’13”W, 14 July 1997, A. Salino 3198 ( BHCB) ; Sapucaí Mirim, propriedade da Klabin, 19 August 2001, V.A.O. Dittrich et al. 931 ( HRCB). Espírito Santo: Santa Teresa , Nova Lombardia , Goipaboaçu , 02 December 1985, W. Boone 940 ( MBML) ; Serra, Estação Biológica do Mestre Álvaro, subida para o morro do Mestre Álvaro , perto de Vitória, 21 November 1982, J.R. Pirani et al. 188 ( SP) ; Venda Nova do Imigrante, 11 March 1974, L. Krieger s.n. ( CESJ 13419 ). Rio de Janeiro: Itatiaia, Estação Biológica , trail between Ponte Maromba and Macieiras, Mt. Itatiaia, 22°27’S, 44°39’W, 1,200 –1,900 m, 04 January 1929, L.B. Smith 1666 (K) ; Nova Friburgo, Alto Macaé , May 1884, Mendonça 1351 (B) ; Petrópolis , 1872, T.A. Preston s.n. (K) ; idem, Vale do Rio Bomfins, antiga Fazenda Bomfins, próxima ao bairro Corrêas , ca. 1,800 m, 17 August 1989, L.S. Sylvestre 265 ( RB) ; Parati, Rodovia Rio-Santos , quase na divisa com São Paulo, 02 February 1996, A. Salino 2499 ( BHCB, UEC) ; idem, Parque Nacional da Serra da Bocaina , trilha para o pico do Cuscuzeiro , 23°18’14”S, 44°47’16”W, 500 m, 07 August 2001, A. Salino et al. 7368 ( BHCB) ; Rio de Janeiro, Tijuca , October 1928, A.C. Brade 21375 ( HB) ; idem, Reserva Florestal do Instituto de Conservação da Natureza, perto da gruta Geonoma , 02 February 1966, J.P. Lanna Sobrinho 1614 ( PACA) ; Santa Maria Madalena, Santo Antonio de Imbé , April 1932, A.C. Brade & J. Santos Lima 11607 (R) ; 1815, A. Cunninghan s.n. (K); August 1877, A.F.M. Glaziou 9060 (K); Teresópolis, Rio Paquequer , 1200 m, 04 October 1929, A.C. Brade 9570 (R) ; without date, A.F.M. Glaziou 1762 (K). São Paulo: Analândia, Serra do Cuscuzeiro , ca. 950 m, 01 June 1993, A. Salino 1776 ( BHCB) ; Anhembi, Fazenda Barreiro Rico , 11 July 1981, M. Ranal 136 ( HUFU, SP) ; Bananal, Estação Ecológica de Bananal, rio das Cobras entre a primeira e a sétima queda, 22°47’32”S, 44°21’33”W, 1200 m, 09 December 2001, A. Salino et al. 7525 ( BHCB) ; Campos do Jordão , 5–20 November 1937, P. Campos Porto 3081 (K) ; idem, Parque Estadual de Campos do Jordão , 22°42’S, 45°28’W, 1,300 –1,400 m, 28 November 2001, V.A.O. Dittrich & A. Mantovani 1079 ( HRCB) ; Capão Bonito, Fazenda Intervales , trilha da Cassadinha, 30 October 1991, A. Salino 1151 ( UEC) ; Caraguatatuba, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar , estrada intermediária km 33, estação de bombeamento da Petrobrás , 23°40’58”S, 45°38’14”W, 590 m, 18 April 2000, A. Salino 5260 ( BHCB, HRCB) ; Cunha: Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar , Núcleo Cunha , 18 December 1996, A. Salino 2958 ( BHCB, ESA, HRCB) ; Iporanga, Fazenda Intervales , trilha para o mirante, 23 May 1996, J. Prado et al. 954 ( SP) ; Itararé, Estrada Itararé-Bonsucesso , descida da Serra , 24°16’28”S, 49°09’34”W, 06–10 September 1993, V.C. Souza et al. 4221 ( ESA) ; Juquitiba, Fazenda Itereí , 21 November 1994, J. Prado et al. 535 ( SP) ; Pindamonhangaba, Fazenda São Sebastião do Ribeirão Grande , 17 December 1995, S.A. Nicolau et al. 981 ( SP) ; Santo André, Rio Grande, Serra do Mar , without date, M. Wacket s.n. (Fil. Austr. Exsic. 68) (K) ; idem, Reserva Biológica do Alto da Serra de Paranapiacaba , 750–890m, 26 November 1980, N.A. Rosa & J.M. Pires 3901 ( SP) ; São Luís do Paraitinga, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar , Núcleo de Santa Virgínia , 23°18’42”S, 45°07’11”W, 800–850m, 11 March 2001, A. Salino et al. 7861 ( BHCB) ; São Paulo, Jaraguá , February 1912, H. Luederwaldt s.n. ( SP 21682 ) ; idem, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, núcleo de Curucutu, trilha para o Rio Branco , 23°59’07”S, 46°44’07”W, 800 m, 12 April 2001, A. Salino 6503 ( BHCB) ; São Roque da Fartura , Serra dos Poços , rodovia SP-342, a 4 km da divisa com MG, ca. 21°51’S, 46°46’W, ca. 1100–1150m, 15 June 1995, M.R. Pietrobom-Silva 1864 ( SJRP) ; Sete Barras, Parque Estadual Intervales, Base de Saibadela , trilha do Rio , ca. 80 m, 13 December 2000, V.A.O. Dittrich & C. von Allmen 818 ( CESJ, HRCB) ; idem, Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho, núcleo de Sete Barras , ca. 24°12’S, 47°55’W, ca. 300 m, 25 September 2002, V.A.O. Dittrich & T.B. Breier 1169 ( HRCB) ; December 1912, Toledo s.n. (K); Ubatuba, Cascata Ipiranguinha , 16.III.1973, Handro 2219 ( SPF) ; idem, Trilha para Natividade da Serra , 15 April 2000, V.A.O. Dittrich 760 ( HRCB) ; idem, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, Núcleo Picinguaba , trilha do Corisco , ca. 23°20’S, 44°50’W, 02 May 2001, V.A.O. Dittrich et al. 872 ( HRCB) ; idem, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, Núcleo Picinguaba , trilha para o Pico do Corcovado , ca. 500 m, 01 November 2001, V.A.O. Dittrich et al. 981 ( HRCB) ; unknown municipality: Serra dos Itatins , 900 m, March 1924, A.C. Brade 8266 ( HB). Paraná: Antonina, São Sebastião , 03 July 1969, G.G. Hatschbach 21694 ( MBM, PACA) ; Candói, Rio Jordão, Cachoeira Tia Chica , 12 February 1993, S.M. Silva 2335 ( BHCB) ; Catanduvas , 05 December 1969, G.G. Hatschbach 23134 ( HB, MBM) ; Curitiba, Parque Barigui , 27 May 1996, V.A.O. Dittrich et al. 131 ( UPCB) ; Guarapuava , Serra da Esperança , 03 December 1969, G.G. Hatschbach & P. Ravenna 23062 ( MBM, PACA) ; Guaraqueçaba, Rio do Cedro , ca. 50 m, 19 October 1967, G.G. Hatschbach 17476 ( MBM, PACA) ; Guaratuba, Morrete , July 1951, A. Frenzel s.n. ( MBM) ; Jaguariaíva, Rio Samambaia , 19 December 1974, R. Kummrow 815 ( MBM, PACA) ; Laranjeiras do Sul, 08 November 1966, J.C. Lindeman & J.H. Haas 2938 (B, MBM, RB) ; Mallet , 01 January 1904, P.K. Dusén 3076 (R) ; Mandirituba, Rio do Maurício , 900 m, 18 January 1970, G.G. Hatschbach 25982 ( MBM, PACA, UPCB) ; Marmeleiro, border with Santa Catarina, ca. 25 km south of Marmeleiro , ca. 800 m, 11 May 1966, J.C. Lindeman & J.H. Haas 1305 ( MBM, RB) ; Matelândia , 28 November 1966, J.C. Lindeman & J.H. Haas 3436 ( MBM) ; Morretes, Serra do Leão , 1,000 m, 10 October 1969, G.G. Hatschbach 22410 ( MBM, PACA) ; idem, Serra da Graciosa , caminho dos Jesuítas, 25 November 1989, A. Salino 831 ( BHCB, HRCB, UEC) ; idem, Parque Estadual Pico do Marumbi , ca. 580m, 28 February 1999, V.A.O. Dittrich & M.C.O. Jorge 594 ( ICN) ; Palmeira , 18 January 1967, L.T.D. Dombrowski & Y.S. Kuniyoshi 2339 ( MBM, PACA) ; Paranaguá, Rio Cachoeirinha , 28 July 1951, G.G. Hatschbach 2437 ( MBM) ; idem, Ilha do Mel, Morro Bento Alves , 03 October 1999, C. Kozera et al. 1258 ( ESA, UEC) ; Pato Branco , 21 January 1952, R. Reitz 4692 ( HBR, PACA) ; Piraquara, Roça Nova , 24 November 1903, P.K. Dusén 2224 (R) ; Pitanga, Borboleta , 13 December 1973, G.G. Hatschbach 33503 ( MBM, PACA) ; Ponta Grossa, Sítio Malabar , 27 January 1985, L. Krieger s.n. ( CESJ 21061 ) ; idem, Parque Estadual de Vila Velha , 07 January 2004, P.H. Labiak & P.B. Schwartsburd 3049 ( HRCB) ; Rio Branco do Sul, Pinhal , 23 January 1976, Y.S. Kuniyoshi 3737 ( MBM) ; Três Barras do Paraná, Fazenda Giacometi-Marodin , 26 March 1993, A. Salino et al. s.n. . ( BHCB 30141 ) ; Desvio Ypiranga , 26 October 1909, P.K. Dusén 8834a (K) ; Pinheirinho, ca. 25km SE of Medianeira, ca. 425 m, 28 November 1966, J.C. Lindeman & J.H. Haas 3436 (K). Santa Catarina: Águas Mornas , Canto do Schutch , 27°37’48”S, 48°52’12”W, 413 m, 20 February 2010, A. Stival-Santos 1892 ( FURB) ; Angelina , 27°27’S, 49°03’W, 822 m, 28 October 2009, T.J. Cadorin 247 ( FURB) ; Antônio Carlos , 27°27’00”S, 48°52’12”W, 710 m, 09 November 2009, T.J. Cadorin 509 ( FURB) ; Benedito Novo, Fazenda Campo do Zinco , 26°54’35”S, 49°29’52”W, 788 m, 02 November 2009, J.L. Schmitt 462 ( FURB) ; Biguaçu , 27°21’36”S, 48°46’48”W, 440 m, 04 November 2009, T.J. Cadorin 371 ( FURB) ; Blumenau, Parque Nacional da Serra do Itajaí , 27°03’24”S, 49°05’16”W, 30 June 2007, A.L. de Gasper 569 ( FURB) ; Bom Retiro, Fazenda Reunidos Canto Novo Ltda. , 27°54’05”S, 49°29’51”W, 111 m, 21 January 2015, A.A. de Oliveira 1027 ( FURB) ; Botuverá, Cinema , 27°16’12”S, 49°13’48”W, 526 m, 24 September 2009, A. Korte 355 ( FURB) ; Caçador, Reserva Genética Florestal de Caçador , 100 m, 16 October 1994, D.B. Falkenberg 6751 ( FURB) ; Camboriú, Cobra Fria , 27°05’24”S, 48°46’50”W, 341 m, 09 November 2010, A. Korte 4881 ( FURB) ; Campo Alegre , 900 m, 06 September 1957, R. Reitz & R.M. Klein 4944 ( HBR) ; Campo Belo do Sul, Morro Agudo / Fazenda Gateados , 27°59’24”S, 50°53’42”W, 875 m, 13 December 2008, M. Verdi 2021 ( FURB) ; Campos Novos , 27°32’24”S, 51°28’48”W, 700 m, 16 December 2008, A. Stival-Santos 349 ( FURB) ; Canoinhas, Rio dos Pardos , Serra da Morte , 26°22’53”S, 50°34’49”W, 122 m, 08 November 2007, A.L. de Gasper 906 ( FURB) ; Chapecó , 30 December 1963, R. Reitz & R.M. Klein 16640 ( HBR) ; Concórdia, Pinheiro Preto , 27°16’11”S, 52°09’18”W, 503 m, 28 November 2008, M. Verdi 1104 ( FURB) ; Corupá, RPPN Emílio Fiorentino Batistella , 26°24’10”S, 49°20’39”W, 600 m, 10August 2007, A.L. de Gasper 536 ( FURB) ; Doutor Pedrinho, Forcação , 26°43’39”S, 49°35’06”W, 785 m, 26 January 2010, T.J. Cadorin 1013 ( FURB) ; Florianópolis, Morro da Lagoa , 27°34’36”S, 48°28’32”W, 444 m, 23 February 2010, T.J. Cadorin 1381 ( FURB) ; Garuva, Monte Crista , 900 m, 19 January 1961, R. Reitz & R.M. Klein 10660 ( HBR) ; idem, Estrada Bonita ( Serra do Quiriri ), 26°06’01”S, 48°57’38”W, 800 m, 24 November 2010, A. Korte 5106 ( FURB) ; Guabiruba, Aymoré , 27°05’24”S, 49°02’58”W, 256 m, 28 October 2009, A. Stival-Santos 1103 ( FURB) ; Ibirama , April 1911, H. Luederwaldt s.n. ( SP 21683 ) ; Ilhota, Parque Botânico Morro do Baú , 26°48’15”S, 48°56’36”W, 340 m, 29 April 2014, E. Caglioni 357 ( FURB) ; Imaruí, Forquilinha , 28°09’53”S, 48°52’11”W, 666 m, 28 January 2010, J.L. Schmitt 1161 ( FURB) ; Indaial, Parque Nacional da Serra do Itajaí , 27°05’24”S, 49°13’51”W, 601 m, 21 May 2010, A. Korte 3436 ( FURB) ; Ipumirim, Linha Silvano , 27°00’S, 52°12’W, 874 m, 24 January 2009, A.L. de Gasper 2046 ( FURB) ; Itaiópolis, Rio do Bispo , 26°38’25”S, 49°51’38”W, 601 m, 10 June 2010, A. Korte 3704 ( FURB) ; Ituporanga, Rio do Norte , 27°21’39”S, 49°30’11”W, 708 m, 19 October 2014, A.L. de Gasper 3629 ( FURB) ; Jacinto Machado, Morro São Cristovão , 28°53’24”S, 49°51’36”W, 380 m, 13 October 2009, M. Verdi 1822 ( FURB) ; Jaraguá do Sul, 26°18’51”S, 49°09’08”W, 413 m, 30 April 2011, T.J. Cadorin 3134 ( FURB) ; Joinville, Barragem do 8º Salto — Serra do Piraí , 26°16’49”S, 49°03’02”W, 698 m, 18 August 2010, A. Korte 4088 ( FURB) ; José Boiteux, Rio Laeisz , 26°54’43”S, 49°35’19”W, 823 m, 14 April 2010, A. Korte 2742 ( FURB) ; Leoberto Leal, Rio Feijão , 27°27’01”S, 49°13’50”W, 850 m, 05 November 2009, A. Korte 781 ( FURB) ; Major Gercino, Reserva Indígena Águas Claras , 27°21’37”S, 48°57’38”W, 258 m, 06 October 2010, A. Korte 4581 ( FURB) ; Major Vieira, Rio da Serra , 26°38’24”S, 50°24’00”W, 100 m, 27 October 2010, A. Korte 4759 ( FURB) ; Massaranduba, Serra do Jacu , 26°33’01”S, 49°03’02”W, 617 m, 04 February 2011, A. Korte 5895 ( FURB) ; Matos Costa, Pedra Branca , 26°27’36”S, 51°01’48”W, 109 m, 14 January 2008, A.L. de Gasper 1248 ( FURB) ; Mirim Doce , 27°10’49”S, 50°07’51”W, 596 m, 27 January 2010, A. Korte 2889 ( FURB) ; Monte Castelo , Serra da Garganta , 26°49’03”S, 50°13’24”W, 119 m, 17 September 2010, A. Korte 4406 ( FURB) ; Morro Grande, Três Barras , 28°42’36”S, 49°46’12”W, 203 m, 11 December 2009, J.L. Schmitt 887 ( FURB) ; Nova Trento, Rio Veado , 27°21’38”S, 49°08’13”W, 479 m, 29 September 2010, A. Korte 4485 ( FURB) ; Orleans, Rio Hipólito—Parque Nacional de São Joaquim , 28°15’37”S, 49°29’58”W, 646 m, 22 May 2009, A.L. de Gasper 2121 ( FURB) ; Papanduva, Serra do Espigão , 1,000 m, 20 April 1962, R. Reitz & R.M. Klein 12651 ( HBR) ; Ponte Alta, Morro do Funil , 27°16’30”S, 50°07’56”W, 113 m, 06 October 2009, J.L. Schmitt 156 ( FURB) ; Praia Grande, Serra do Faxinal , 29°10’44”S, 50°01’22”W, 958 m, 13 May 2010, J.L. Schmitt 2194 ( FURB) ; Presidente Getúlio, Santa Rita , 27°05’25”S, 49°46’14”W, 516 m, 09 April 2010, A. Korte 2628 ( FURB) ; Presidente Nereu, Braço do Salão—Fazenda Sabiá , 27°10’53”S, 49°13’53”W, 533 m, 27 October 2009, J.L. Schmitt 355 ( FURB) ; Rio do Campo, Anta Branca ( Antigo Alto Rio do Oeste ), 26°54’36”S, 50°13’13”W, 786 m, 22 February 2010, A. Korte 1934 ( FURB) ; Rio do Sul, Alto Matador , 26 June 1959, R. Reitz & R.M. Klein 8891 ( HBR) ; Rio do Sul, Mirador , 27°05’25”S, 49°35’26”W, 792 m, 10 December 2009, A. Korte 1460 ( FURB) ; Rio dos Cedros, São Bernardo , 26°43’50”S, 49°19’18”W, 448 m, 20 April 2010, S. Dreveck 2116 ( FURB) ; Rodeio, São Pedro , 26°54’37”S, 49°24’41”W, 611 m, 30 March 2010, A. Korte 2384 ( FURB) ; Santa Cecília, Fazenda Ubatã , 27°00’01”S, 50°18’37”W, 119 m, 18 December 2007, A.L. de Gasper 1198 ( FURB) ; Santa Terezinha, Nova Esperança , 26°43’49”S, 49°57’02”W, 535 m, 05 February 2010, A. Korte 1688 ( FURB) ; Santo Amaro da Imperatriz, Pilões , 07 June 1956, R. Reitz & R.M. Klein 3265 ( HBR) ; Santo Amaro da Imperatriz, Rio da Nova Descoberta , 27°48’36”S, 48°46’51”W, 558 m, 20 October 2010, A. Korte 4706 ( FURB) ; São Bento do Sul, Braço esquerdo, 26°21’54”S, 49°14’08”W, 417 m, 21 November 2009, T.J. Cadorin 581 ( FURB) ; São Martinho, Chicão , 28°04’48”S, 48°52’12”W, 526 m, 26 January 2010, J.L. Schmitt 983 ( FURB) ; Seara, Nova Teotônia , 04 August 1944, F. Plaumann 410 ( HBR) ; Taió, Passo Manso, Fazenda Tarumã , 27°00’01”S, 50°07’46”W, 812 m, 09 October 2009, J.L. Schmitt 211 ( FURB) ; Timbó, Morro Azul , trilha da araucária, 26°45’46”S, 49°12’43”W, 537 m, 13 December 2013, A.L. de Gasper 3220 ( FURB) ; Treviso, Brasília , 28°26’37”S, 49°29’55”W, 572 m, 24 November 2009, J.L. Schmitt 704 ( FURB) ; Treze Tílias, Linha Mazeto , 27°00’00”S, 51°28’48”W, 800 m, 15 April 2011, A. Korte 6622 ( FURB) ; Vitor Meireles , Serra Cambará , 26°54’35”S, 49°51’47”W, 587 m, 01 June 2010, A. Korte 3534 ( FURB) ; Witmarsum, Krauer Central , 26°54’37”S, 49°46’14”W, 439 m, 13 April 2010, A. Korte 2686 ( FURB) ; Unknown municipality: Rodovia BR-2, Serra do Espigão , 1,300 m, 20 October 1961, G.F.J. Pabst & E. Pereira 6081 (B). Rio Grande do Sul: Bom Jesus, Fazenda Caraúna, March 1931, J. Dutra 309 ( ICN) ; Cambará do Sul, Itaimbezinho , 06 September 1982, R.M. Bueno s.n. ( ICN 88317 ) ; Canela, Linha São Paulo-Canastra , 22 September 1988, S. Diesel s.n. ( PACA 71256 ) ; Carlos Barbosa, Santo Antonio de Boava , 13 April 1963, O.R. Camargo 3889 ( PACA) ; Caxias do Sul, Ana Rech, Hotel Bela Vista , 17 April 1969, M.E. Corso s.n. ( PACA 70509 ) ; Encruzilhada do Sul, 23 September 1985, B. Irgang et al. s.n. ( ICN 67658 ) ; Esmeralda , 31 January 1982, R.M. Bueno 27 ( ICN) ; Garibaldi , arredores da cidade, 02 November 1962, O.R. Camargo 3756 ( PACA) ; Gravataí, Morro Itacolomi , 22 December 1958, A. Backes 175 ( ICN) ; Mariana Pimentel , 17 April 1982, R.M. Bueno s.n. ( ICN 88300 ) ; Montenegro, Estação São Salvador , 1940, J.E. Leite 1931 ( SP) ; Porto Alegre, Morro da Extrema , July 1996, R.M. Senna s.n. ( ICN 107432 ) ; Rio Grande, Quitéria, próximo à Quinta , 26 November 1986, J.A. Jarenkow 529 ( PACA) ; Santa Cruz do Sul, February 1905, C. Jürgens s.n. (Fil. Austr. Exsic. 68) (B) ; Santa Maria do Herval , ca. 600 m, February 1913, W. Herter s.n. ( ICN 45443 ) ; São Francisco de Paula , 900 m, 19 December 1949, A. Sehnem 4125 (B, PACA) ; São Leopoldo, Fazenda Pedreira , 08 November 1935, A. Sehnem 615 ( PACA) ; Sapucaia do Sul, Morro Sapucaia , 290 m, 28 July 1989, I. Fernandes 549 ( ICN) ; Silveira Martins , 05 March 1893, C.A.M. Lindman 1151 (K) ; Torres, Lageadinho , 21 December 1979, J.L. Waechter 1500 ( ICN, PACA) ; Três Cachoeiras , 23 June 1979, J.L. Waechter et al. 1269 ( ICN). Unknown state: without date, W.J. Burchell 2468 (K) . URUGUAY. Cerro Largo, Isla Zapata , January 1877, J. Arechavaleta 457 (P) .

Figures

FIGURE 5. A–C. Lomaridium plumieri. A. Habit. B. Basal pinnae showing venation pattern. C. Rhizome scale. D–F. Neoblechnum brasiliense. D. Habit. E. Pair of basal pinnae showing venation. F. Rhizome scale. (A–C from F.S. Souza et al. 613, CESJ0052285; D–F from C. Kozera 3992, CESJ0062336, CESJ0062336_01).