Sophrosyne Stebbing, 1888

Lowry, J. K. & Stoddart, H. E., 2010, Sophrosynidae, a new family in the Lysianassoidea (Crustacea: Amphipoda) with a revision of the genus Sophrosyne, Zootaxa 2370 (1), pp. 1-35 : 3-4

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.2370.1.1
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A86448-9634-FFD7-FF34-FBACCAD4A0D5
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	Sophrosyne Stebbing, 1888
status

Treatment

Sophrosyne Stebbing, 1888 View in CoL

Sophrosyne Stebbing, 1888: 652 View in CoL . — Della Valle, 1893: 795. — Stebbing, 1906: 21. —J.L. Barnard, 1969: 363. — Lincoln, 1979: 52. — Moore, 1983: 108. — Diviacco & Ruffo, 1989: 549. — Barnard & Karaman, 1991: 533. — Ren & Huang, 1991: 248.

Paropisa Stebbing, 1899: 206 . [type species: Opis hispana Chevreux, 1887 , by original designation].

Type species. Sophrosyne murrayi Stebbing, 1888 View in CoL , by monotypy.

Comments on some literature records. There are only two literature records of Sophrosyne having a 2- articulate outer ramus on uropod 3 – J.L. Barnard’s 1966 illustration of S. californica (as S. robertsoni ) and Kilgallen et al. ’s 2007 illustrations of S. hispana and S. inverarae (as S. robertsoni ). All other figures show a 1-articulate outer ramus, and only Ren (1991) and Kilgallen et al. (2007) have described it in the text (Ren as 1-articulate, Kilgallen as 2-articulate). In all the material we have examined (including the type material of S. hispana , S. murrayi , S. moorei and S. inverarae ) the outer ramus of uropod 3 has 2 articles; the articulation is close to the peduncle, making the second article unusually long, quite faint and easily overlooked. We feel sure that all species of Sophrosyne , if examined carefully, will be found to have a 2-articulate outer ramus on uropod 3.

Sophrosyne hispana

In his second description of S. hispana Chevreux (1900: 14) described the mandibular incisor as “armé de deux petites dents obtuses et d’une épine”. Barnard & Karaman (1991) allowed for this in their diagnosis of the genus, describing the incisor as “ordinary or very minutely toothed”. We have examined the slides of the S. hipana holotype and although Chevreux’s illustration (plate 3, figure 1d) does represent what is on the slide it is clear that he has mis-interpreted the parts. The mandible and maxilla 1 have been mounted together; the structure Chevreux interpreted as a toothed incisor is the apex of maxilla 1 palp, the “lame secondaire” is the true incisor and the “molar” (described as “une dent aigue”) is the outer plate of maxilla 1.

Ledoyer (1977) recorded material from the north-western Mediterranean Sea as S. hispana because it had an angular posteroventral corner on epimeron 3 (in contrast to the rounded epimeron 3 of S. robertsoni ), and a small gnathopod 2 palm (in contrast to the very broad palm of S. murrayi ). However, Ledoyer’s illustrated specimen differs from S. hispana in three points: pereopods 5 and 6 merus length is about 1.5 times breadth (in S. hispana it is about 1.0 times); the posteroventral lobe of pereopod 7 basis does not extend beyond the ischium (in S. hispana this lobe is produced halfway along the merus); the telson is cleft about 65% (in S. hispana about 45%). It is established here as the type of a new species, S. ledoyeri .

Sophrosyne robertsoni

Norman (1900) recorded additional material of S. robertsoni from Loch Fyne (near the type locality) and from deep water off the English Channel, collected by the Porcupine. The material was not illustrated or described. The type material of S. robertsoni is lost. In an effort to check some characters of S. robertsoni we borrowed material identified as this species from The Natural History Museum, London. We have examined three lots of Norman’s material. The single specimen [BMNH 1911:11:8 (652)] from the Porcupine collection is dissected and entirely mounted on two slides; it is in too poor condition to allow any assessment of species. A single slide [BMNH 1911:11:8 (653)] of one specimen from Inverary (Loch Fyne) is also in too poor condition to identify. Two specimens [BMNH 1911:11:8:12544-12551], also from Inverary, are in good condition. One is intact; the other has had the maxilliped and gnathopods 1 and 2 removed, and seems to be the material illustrated as S. robertsoni by Lincoln (1979). There is, however, a discrepancy between this material and the illustration of S. robertsoni given in Stebbing & Robertson (1891). The original illustration shows a smoothly curved posteroventral corner on epimeron 3, below the upturned tooth. The material from Inverary has a definite angle on this corner, as in some other species of Sophrosyne . This, together with differences in the length to breadth ratio and the degree of cleft of the telson, convinced us that this was an unrecognised species. We describe it here as Sophrosyne inverarae sp. nov.

The single male specimen from the Clyde Sea area reported by Moore (1983) as S. robertsoni also has differences in the epimeron 3 and the telson which distinguish it from Stebbing & Robertson’s material, and other differences in the pereopods and telson which distinguish it from S. inverarae . It is established here as the type of a new species, S. moorei .

J.L. Barnard’s 1966 record of S. robertsoni from southern California is also clearly not this species. It is established here as the type of a new species, S. californica .

Sophrosyne antarctica

We have not examined the type material of this species, but make some comments on Ren’s (1991) illustrations.

The material is recorded as a mature male, but antenna 1 has no trace of a callynophore. Two males of Sophrosyne are known in the literature: S. ledoyeri (illustrated by Ledoyer, 1977 as S. hispana ) and S. moorei (illustrated by Moore, 1983 as S. robertsoni ) and we report a male of S. integricauda . Each of these males has a very well-developed callynophore on antenna 1. Ren’s material is probably a female or an immature male.

The illustration of maxilla 1 shows three large robust setae on the outer plate - two apical and one subapical - and the text says “apex of outer plate with 3-4 blunt teeth”. This could be accepted as an outstanding species character, as all other Sophrosyne species have only two large robust setae on the apex of maxilla 1 outer plate. However, the illustration also shows a double row of small teeth on the maxilla 1 palp – one apical and one subapical. It is possible that this animal was about to moult and the subapical teeth of the palp and outer plate are those of the new moult.

Kingdom	Animalia
Phylum	Arthropoda
Class	Malacostraca
Order	Amphipoda
Family	Sophrosynidae