Prionacalus, WHITE, 1845

Santos-Silva, Antonio, Komiya, Ziro & Nearns, Eugenio H., 2013, Revision of the Genus Prionacalus White, 1845 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Prioninae: Prionini), The Coleopterists Bulletin 67 (3), pp. 201-240 : 208

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PRIONACALUS

1. Elytral sculpture different on basal and distal halves............................................................2

1′. Elytral sculpture uniform (or similar) throughout ............................................................................ 3

2. Males: Last maxillary and labial palpomere notably enlarged at apex (longest width equal to about 0.65 times its length); cephalic carinae ( Fig. 18 ) not notably elevated at apex. Females: Cephalic carinae slightly elevated ( Fig. 23 ); antennae reaching about apex of basal 1/3 of elytra (sometimes almost elytral middle) ( Fig. 23 ). Ecuador, Peru.................. ............................................. Prionacalus atys

2′. Males: Last maxillary and labial palpomere slender towards apex (longest width 0.35– 0.45 times its length); cephalic carinae ( Fig. 29 ) distinctly elevated at apex. Females: Cephalic carinae distinctly elevated ( Fig. 37 ); antennae reaching base of distal 1/3–1/4 of elytra ( Fig. 37 ). Ecuador, Colombia, Peru................. ......................................... Prionacalus cacicus

3. Genal apex with long, acute projection ( Fig. 42 ). Colombia.......... Prionacalus demelti

3′. Genal apex with short, acute projection or rounded and not projected ( Figs. 53 , 66 , 78 ).......................................................................4

4. Prosternal process with spiniform projection on underside of apex ( Fig. 14 ); protibia of male enlarged near middle. Ecuador.............. .................................... Prionacalus whymperi

4′. Prosternal process without spiniform projection on underside of apex or with rounded projection ( Fig. 15 ); protibiae of male gradually enlarged from base................................5

5. Cephalic carinae almost indistinct in both sexes ( Figs. 66, 72 ); sulcus between cephalic carinae distinctly deep ( Fig. 66 ). Argentina, Bolivia, Peru....... Prionacalus woytkowskii

5′. Cephalic carinae distinct, mainly in males ( Figs. 78, 84 , 124 ); sulcus between cephalic carinae slightly or moderately deep ( Figs. 78, 84 , 124 ).........................................................6

6. Antennae of male not reaching elytral apex ( Fig. 124 ). Female unknown. Peru................. .................................... Prionacalus uniformis

6′. Antennae reaching or surpassing elytral apex in male ( Fig. 76 ), and distal 1/ 3 in female ( Fig. 84 ). Ecuador, Peru....... Prionacalus iphis

Figures

Figs. 16–26. Prionacalus atys. 16) Male, dorsal view; 17) Male, ventral view; 18) Male, head, dorso-lateral view; 19) Male, mandibles; 20) Male, protarsus; 21) Male, mesotarsus; 22) Female, metatarsus; 23) Female, dorsal view; 24) Female, ventral view; 25) Female, mandibles, 26) Female, metatarsus.

Figs. 27–39. Prionacalus cacicus. 27) Male, dorsal view; 28) Male, ventral view; 29) Male, head, dorso-lateral view; 30) Medium sized male, mandibles; 31) Small male, mandibles; 32) Male, protibia; 33) Male, protarsus; 34) Male, metatarsus; 35) Male, mesotarsus; 36) Male, wing; 37) Female, dorsal view; 38) Female, ventral view; 39) Femle, metatarsus.

Figs. 40–50. Prionacalus demelti. 40) Male, dorsal view; 41) Male, ventral view; 42) Male, head, dorso-lateral view; 43) Male, mandibles; 44) Male, protarsus; 45) Male, mesotarsus; 46) Male, metatarsus; 47) Female, dorsal view; 48) Female, ventral view; 49) Female, mandibles; 50) Female, metatarsus.

Figs. 51–63. Prionacalus whymperi. 51) Male, dorsal view; 52) Male, ventral view; 53) Male, head, dorso-lateral view; 54) Male, mandibles; 55) Male, protarsus; 56) Male, mesotarsus; 57) Male, metatarsus; 58) Male, protibia; 59) Female, dorsal view; 60) Female, ventral view; 61) Female, mandibles; 62) Female, narrow metatarsus; 63) Female, thick metatarsus.

Figs. 64–75. Prionacalus woytkowskii. 64) Male, dorsal view; 65) Male, ventral view; 66) Male, head, dorso-lateral view; 67) Male, mandibles; 68) Male, protarsus; 69) Male, mesotarsus; 70) Male, narrow metatarsus; 71) Male, thick metatarsus; 72) Female, dorsal view; 73) Female, ventral view; 74) Female, mandibles; 75) Female, metatarsus.

Figs. 76–87. Prionacalus iphis. 76) Male, dorsal view; 77) Male, ventral view; 78) Male, head, dorso-lateral view; 79) Male, mandibles; 80) Male, protarsus; 81) Male, mesotarsus; 82) Male, metatarsus; 83) Male, protibia; 84) Female, dorsal view; 85) Female, ventral view; 86) Female, mandibles; 87) Female, metatarsus.

Figs. 1–15. Prionacalus species. 1) P. cacicus, male, maxillary palpus; 2) P. cacicus, male, maxillary palpus; 3) P. woytkowskii, male, maxillary palpus; 4–5) P. iphis, male, maxillary palpus; 6) P. whymperi, male, maxillary palpus; 7) P. demelti, male, maxillary palpus; 8) P. atys, male, maxillary palpus; 9–10) P. woytkowskii, male, antenna; 11–12) P. cacicus, male, antenna; 13) P. demelti, male, antenna; 14) P. whymperi, female, prosternal process, lateral view; 15) P. iphis, female, prosternal process, lateral view.

Figs. 121–127. Prionacalus species. 121) P. simonsi, syntype male, dorsal view; 122) P. simonsi, syntype male, ventral view; 123) P. simonsi, syntype male, labels; 124) P. uniformis, lectotype male, dorsal view; 125) P. uniformis, lectotype male, ventral view; 126–127) P. uniformis, lectotype male same, labels.