Rivulinae, Grote, 1895

Loureiro, Marcelo, Sá, Rafael de, Serra, Sebastián W., Alonso, Felipe, Lanés, Luis Esteban Krause, Volcan, Matheus Vieira, Calviño, Pablo, Nielsen, Dalton, Duarte, Alejandro & Garcia, Graciela, 2018, Review of the family Rivulidae (Cyprinodontiformes, Aplocheiloidei) and a molecular and morphological phylogeny of the annual fish genus Austrolebias Costa 1998, Neotropical Ichthyology 16 (3), pp. 1-20 : 3

Rivulinae . Monophyly of Rivulinae is supported by eight synapomorphies ( Costa, 2011a): 1. ventral process of the angulo-articular narrow and triangular shaped ( Fig. 3 b-c); 2. interhyal bone rudimentary or absent; 3. first epibranchial twisted ( Fig. 4a ); 4. subdistal process of the second epibranchial absent ( Fig. 4a ); 5. uncinate process of the third epibranchial forming an angle of about 45–60° ( Fig. 4a ); 6. paired process on the first vertebra anteriorly directed; 7. membrane between preopercular laterosensory series and isthmus continuous; 8. E-scales not overlapped. Other combined ( Costa, 2013); and molecular phylogenies ( Murphy, Collier, 1996; Murphy et al., 1999; Hrbek et al., 2004; Vermeulen, Hrbek, 2005; Furness et al., 2015; Pohl et al., 2015) support the monophyly of Rivulinae .

Figures

Fig. 3. Lower jaw of a. Kryptolebias brasiliensis (modified from Costa, 2004), b. Pterolebias longipinnis, c. Papiliolebiass bitteri, d. Cynopoecilus melanotaenia, e. Austrolebias juanlangi, f. Austrolebias wolterstorffi; aad = anguloarticular dorsal process, aav = anguloarticular ventral process, d = dentary, r = retroarticular. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Fig. 4. Ventral view of dorsal gill arches of a. Pterolebias longipinnis, b. Cynopoecilus melanotaenia, c. Austrolebias juanlangi; e = epibranchial series, ph = pharyngobranchial series, spe2 = epibranchial subdistal process, upe3 = uncinate process of epibranchial 3. Scale bar = 1 mm.