Barynema Banks

Wells, Alice & St Clair, Rosalind, 2021, Review of the Australian endemic odontocerid genus Barynema and status of Australian Marilia (Trichoptera), Memoirs of Museum Victoria 80, pp. 101-112 : 103

Barynema Banks

Figures 1–35

Barynema Banks 1939: 483 ,

type species: Barynema costatum Banks, 1939 by monotypy.

In their treatment of the Australian endemic genus Barynema, Mosely and Kimmins (1953) discussed its early placement in the family Calamoceratidae and their rationale for transferring the genus to the family Odontoceridae on the grounds that Barynema lacks the median cell in the forewing. Adults of Barynema species are distinguished from Australian representatives of Marilia by having a pair of setose warts on the mesoscutum, whereas Marilia has two rows of setae; males of many specimens of Marilia have holoptic compound eyes, not seen in any Barynema . Two species of Barynema – B. australicum Mosely, 1953 , and B. goomburra sp. nov. – also have a pair of setate warts posteriorly on the mesoscutellum, a characteristic that appears to be absent in all other Odontoceridae . This could be considered a distinguishing feature at the genus level but given the very close similarity of other male and female features of species assigned to Barynema , we believe all eight species are appropriately referred to a single genus. Similar variation in presence and absence of mesoscutal and mesoscutellar setal warts and their arrangement is seen in the closely related Philorheithridae ( Neboiss, 1977) .

In the inferior appendages of the males of some species of Barynema (e.g. B. costatum and B. australicum ), the harpago appears to be fused with the coxopodite (or lost?). In other species, a rather similar structure (when viewed laterally) appears to be simply an extension of the coxopodite that is probably homologous with the structure termed “subapicodorsal lobe of an inferior appendage” by Yang et al. (2017, p. 88). The socketed harpago forms a smaller, but morphologically similar, structure (e.g. B. lobatum sp. nov.) or is reduced to a small triangular ( B. dilatum sp. nov.) or subquadrate ( B. dolabratum sp. nov.) lobe laterad of the extended coxopodite; it usually bears an area of short peg-like black setae. A similar situation appears to occur in the east Asian species Psilotreta malickyi Oláh and Johanson, 2010 , although in that species the reduced harpago is a mesal structure. In females of Barynema , the apical lobes are stout structures on abdominal segment X, while in Marilia they are absent or fused with tergite X.

Here, new records and images are given for each of the two established species of Barynema : B. costatum from Victoria and B. australicum from north-eastern New South Wales. Thoracic and female genitalic features are described and illustrated for these species. In addition, six new species are described, based on male and female thoracic and genitalic features, and a key is provided for the genus. The genus has been collected along the Great Dividing Range of eastern Australia but has not been recorded further west; in the south, the genus is not recorded from west of the central ranges of Victoria or from Tasmania. Genetic data from BOLD suggest that additional species are present in Australia.

Larvae of a few species can be associated with the adult using the CO1 barcode. The larvae show subtle differences that may enable species separation, but this is best left until more species are associated. The larval and pupal descriptions of Barynema costatum by Cartwright and Dean (1987) may not be that species and may not be adequate to separate larvae of related species.

Key to males of Barynema Banks.

1. Mesoscutellum subcircular to rectangular, bearing small paired setate warts separate from each other and close to posterior margin (figs 29, 33) 2

- Mesoscutellum ovoid, with large paired setate warts fused and covering most of mesoscutellum (fig. 5) 3

2. Inferior appendages, each with harpago in ventral view bearing abbreviated area of short stout black peg-like setae subapicomesally; coxopodite with short mesal lobe bearing similar, but tapered, setae (fig. 32) B. australicum Mosely

- Inferior appendages, each with harpago in ventral view bearing elongate area of short stout black peg-like setae subapicomesally; coxopodite without mesal lobe (fig. 35) B. goomburra sp. nov.

3. Inferior appendages, each with brush of short, stout black setae on harpago subapicomesal, elongate, extending along distal half of mesal margin (figs 3, 6) B. costatum Banks

- Inferior appendages, each with brush of short stout black setae on harpago apical and rounded, not elongate (figs 9, 13, 18, 21, 25) 4

4. Lobes of upper penis cover in ventral view expanded apicolaterally (figs 21, 25) 5

- Lobes of upper penis cover in ventral view tapered, acuminate to rounded apically, but not expanded apicolaterally (figs 9, 13, 15, 18) 6

5. Apicolateral lobes of upper penis cover in ventral view rounded (fig. 21) B. dilatum sp. nov.

- Apicolateral lobes of upper penis cover in ventral view sharply triangular, pick-shaped (fig. 25) B. dolabratum sp. nov.

6. Inferior appendages, each with coxopodite in ventral view about 2 times as long as wide (figs 13, 15) B. lorien sp. nov.

- Inferior appendages each with coxopodite in ventral view subquadrate (figs 9, 18) 7

7. Coxopodites in ventral view, each with mesal margin rounded (fig. 18) B. lobatum sp. nov.

- Coxopodites in ventral view, each with mesal margin angled obliquely from base (fig. 9) B. paradoxum sp. nov.