Kyphosus sectatrix ( Linnaeus, 1758 )

Knudsen, Steen Wilhelm & Clements, Kendall D., 2013, Revision of the fish family Kyphosidae (Teleostei: Perciformes), Zootaxa 3751 (1), pp. 1-101 : 54

Kyphosus sectatrix ( Linnaeus, 1758)

(Common name: Beaked chub, Bermuda sea chub, Pacific chub, grey drummer)

( Figure 6 , 14 , 17 , 18, 15, Table 5, 8–18)

Perca saltatrix Linnaeus 1758: p. 293 . First described as Perca saltatrix , but corrected to Perca sectatrix in Linnaeus 1766: p. 486, based on Catesby (1743) pl. 8, middle figure, (type-locality: possibly Red Sea). The name saltatrix Linnaeus (1758) was a lapsus by Linnaeus, which he himself changed to sectatrix Linnaeus (1766) . The name sectator has occasionally been used, however this is a later version of the name sectatrix and is therefore invalid for this species. The generic name Perca pertains to the European perch ( Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus, 1758 ) in the family Percidae . Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus (1758) has priority over Perca sectatrix Linnaeus (1766) , and the genus is therefore unavailable for kyphosids.

Kyphosus sectatrix Jenkins 1887: p. 90 ; Jordan 1885b: p. 880; Jordan and Fesler 1893: p. 535; Henshall 1894: p. 218; Jordan and Everman 1898: p. 1387; Evermann and Kendall 1899: p. 81; Evermann and Marsh 1902: p. 211; Kendall 1908: p. 104; Fowler 1915: p. 250; Meek and Hildebrand 1925: p. 608, pl. lxv; Fowler 1929: p. 645; Tortonese 1935: p. 242; Fowler 1936: p. 858; Hildebrand 1941: p. 134; Fowler 1952: p. 131; Briggs 1958: p. 282; Postel 1959: p. 159; Blache 1962: p. 62; Moore 1962: p. 452, fig. 1–3; Dawson 1963: p.181 (Gulf of Mexico, Mississippi); Bauchot 1963: p. 172, MNHN 0000- 2977; Franca and Franca 1968: p. 3; Randall 1968: p. 160, fig. 182; Bauchot 1969: p. 136, MNHN 0000-2977; Dooley 1972: p. 1; Desoutter 1973: p. 420; Dooley et al. 1985 (Canary Islands): p. 26; Tortonese 1986: p. 913; Robins and Ray 1986: p. 191; Wheeler 1986: p. 79, fig. 9; Edwards and Glass 1987: p. 642; Scott and Scott 1988: p. 393; Desoutter 1990: p. 831; McAllister 1990: p. 36 (Atlantic coast of Canada); Robins et al. 1991: p. 55 (Atlantic); Boschung 1992: p. 148; Cervigón 1992: p. 344; Cervigón 1993: p. 326; Arruda 1997: p. 92; Clements and Choat 1997: p. 581, table 2, listed as K. bigibbus , but likely to have been specimens of K. sectatrix ; Santos et al. 1997: p. 93; Merella et al. 1998: p. 687, fig. 1; Aguilera 1998: p. 51 as Kiphosus ; Afonso et al. 1999: p. 85; Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999: p. 391; Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999: p. 279; Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000: p. 163; Eristhee and Oxenford 2001: p. 133; Gasparini and Floeter 2001: p. 1645; Rocha and Rosa 2001: p. 991; Thomson et al. 2001: p. 139; Carpenter 2002: p. 1687; Allen et al. 2003: p. 132, listed as K. bigibbus , but both photos show K. sectatrix ; Collette et al. 2003: p. 112; Feitoza et al. 2003: p. 69 dated 1766; Menezes et al. 2003: p. 90; Smith et al. 2003: p. 38; Bañón 2004: p. 367, fig. 3, UTPB 19/2002; Nelson et al. 2004: p. 150; McEachran and Fechhelm 2005: p. 484; Wirtz et al. 2007: p. 36; Bañón et al. 2010: p. 18; Williams et al. 2010: p. 18, (Saba Bank); Iglesias 2012: p. 154; Nemeth and Kadison 2013: p. 1.

Pimelepterus lutescens Jordan and Gilbert 1882: p. 229 , (type-locality: Braithwaite Bay, Socorro Island, Revilla Gigedo [Revillagigedo] Islands, off western Mexico), holotype: USNM 28371 apparently lost; Nelson et al. 2004: p. 150; Sakai and Nakabo 2004: p. 25.

Pimelepterus gallveii Cunningham 1910: p. 99 , pl. 6, (type-locality: Saint Helena Island, South Atlantic), (holotype: BMNH 1910.9.9.8). Named for Mr. Gallwey, consistently spelled gallveii in original description, the pertaining name is Pimelepterus gallveii ; Desoutter 1990: p. 832.

Kyphosus incisor (non Cuvier) Parr 1927: p. 66.

Kyphosus metzelaari Jordan and Evermann 1927: p. 506 (type-locality: Curaçao, Venezuela), (no types known), possible synonym of Kyphosus sectatrix ( Linnaeus, 1758) ; Desoutter 1990: p. 831.

Kyphosus sectator Tortonese 1954: p. 81 ; Santos et al. 1997: p. 93 (Azores Archipelago); Merella et al. 1998: p. 687 –689; Hemida et al. 2004: p. 50 –52; Canas et al. 2005: p. 1535, fig. 1, table 1 (Algarve coast), non-type: CRIPS/04/001 (is more likely to be a specimen of K. bigibbus ); Francour and Mouine 2008: p. 1 (Saint-Tropez, Mediterranean).

Cyphosus sectatrix Albuquerque 1956: p. 747 .

Kyphosus pacificus Sakai and Nakabo 2004: p. 20 , fig. 1, (type-locality: Ani-jima, Ogasawara Islands, Japan), holotype: FAKU 82421, paratypes: AMS.IB 5332 (1), BPBM 12226 (1), FAKU 100997 (1), IORD 76-549 (1), NSMT-P 63487 (1), QM. I 9396 (1), ZUMT 31003 (1), plus non-type material; Randall 2005: p. 305; Hoese and Bray 2006: p. 1323; Randall 2007: p. 271; Motomura et al. 2010: p. 133; Knudsen and Clements 2013: p. 1.

Kyphosus lutescens Jordan 1885a: p. 380 ; Carvalho 1950: p. 99 (probably mistaken for K. sectatrix ); Gotshall 1998: p. 48, fig. 104; Nelson et al. 2004: p. 150; Sakai and Nakabo 2004: p. 25.

Kyphosus sandwicensis Randall 2007: p. 271 ; Randall and Cea 2010: p. 82.

Kyphosus saltatrix Ligas et al. 2011: p. 1 , fig. 2 (misidentified K. vaigiensis ); Kiparissis et al. 2012: p. 1, fig. 1.

Figures

FIGURE 6. Ordination plots from principal component analysis for comparison of multiple morphometric and meristic characters for: A) Kyphosus sectatrix (squares/blue area) and K. bigibbus (triangles/yellow area), type specimens of K. bigibbus (closed triangles), specimens of K. bigibbus with molecular identity confirmed (open downpointing triangle), type specimens of K. sectatrix (closed squares), specimens of K. sectatrix with molecular identity confirmed (closed diamonds), B) Kyphosus sydneyanus (circles/red area) and K. bigibbus (triangles/yellow area), type specimens of K. bigibbus (closed squares), specimens of K. bigibbus with molecular identity confirmed (closed triangles), type specimens of K. sydneyanus (open diamond), specimens of K. sydneyanus with molecular identity confirmed (closed circles). Type specimens are noted with catalog numbers, see text for further details on morphometric and meristic characters used in combination.

FIGURE 14. Underwater photographs of two species of Kyphosus, photos by KDC unless specified otherwise: A) Kyphosus hawaiiensis, French Frigate Shoals, September 1995, B) Kyphosus hawaiiensis, French Frigate Shoals, September 1995, C) Kyphosus sectatrix, Poor Knights Islands, New Zealand, December 2009, D) Kyphosus sectatrix, Rarotonga, July 2004, E) Kyphosus sectatrix (xanthic form), Kermadec Island, June 2011, (photo by Malcolm Francis, NIWA New Zealand), F) Kyphosus sectatrix (grey form), Kermadec Island, June 2011 (photo by Malcolm Francis, NIWA New Zealand).

FIGURE 17. Museum material and freshly caught specimens of Kyphosus sectatrix (Linnaeus), photos by SWK unless specified otherwise, all lengths are in mm SL, scale bars equal 10 mm: A) AMS.IB 5332, 121 mm, paratype of Kyphosus pacificus, B) MNHN 0000-2977, 126 mm, holotype of Kyphosus sectatrix, C) BMNH 1910.9.9:8, 359 mm, holotype of Pimelepterus gallveii, D) NMNZ P.50180, 345 mm, non-type (photo by Carl Struthers, NMNZ), E) NMNZ P.50179, 259 mm, non-type, (photo by Carl Struthers, NMNZ), F) AIM MA30169, 264 mm, non-type, G) LACM 32103-2 (specimen 5 of 7), 285 mm, non-type, (photo by Rick Feeney, LACM), H) ZMUC P5195, 81 mm, non-type.