Pseudotyphistes deinceps Cajade, 2023

Cajade, Manuel, Laborda, Álvaro, Hagopián, Damián & Simó, Miguel, 2023, The spider genus Pseudotyphistes (Araneae, Linyphiidae) in Uruguay: a new species and new records, Zootaxa 5284 (2), pp. 390-396 : 391-394

Pseudotyphistes deinceps Cajade new species

Figs 1–3

Material examined. Holotype. URUGUAY: Maldonado, Sierra de Carapé , 34°31’25”S, 54°58’30.34”W, 11–13.iv.2019, collected with a G-VAC in a hillside forest, M. Simó & D. Hagopián leg., 1M (FCE-Ar 10399) . Paratypes. URUGUAY: Same data, collected with a G-VAC in a hillside forest, 1F (FCE-Ar 10915); collected with a G-VAC in a hillside forest, 1F (FCE-Ar 13868) .

Additional material examined. URUGUAY: Cerro Largo: Arévalo , 32°29’10.7”S, 55°04’55.5”W, 4– 7.iv.2020, collected with a pit-fall trap in a riparian forest, M. Simó & D. Hagopián leg., 1M (FCE-Ar 12440) ; Durazno: La Teja, Eucalyptus dunnii plantation 10 km NW from La Paloma , 32°39’41.45”S, 55°39’58.65”W, 13.x.2021, collected with a G-VAC, M. Simó & D. Hagopián leg., 1M (FCE-Ar 13717) ; Maldonado: Sierra de Carapé , 34°31’25”S, 54°58’30.34”W, 12.x.2019, collected with a pit-fall trap in a grassland, M. Simó & A. Laborda leg., 1M (FCE-Ar 13213) ; Montevideo: Melilla , 34°43’57.10”S, 56°19’21.48”W, 24.xi.2021, collected manually in a grassland, D. Hagopián leg., 1F, 1M (FCE-Ar 13603) .

Etymology. The species epithet is a Latin adverb that means “onwards” referring to the male dorsal cymbial macroseta (or spine as in Millidge, 1991).

Diagnosis. Males of Pseudotyphistes deinceps n. sp. can be distinguished from other Pseudotyphistes species by having the dorsal cymbial macroseta with the apex directed towards the apical and ventral region of the bulb ( Figs 1A , 2D ) as opposed to basally directed as in other congeneric species. Females of P. deinceps differ from others of the genus, except P. pennatus , by having a ventral plate of the epigynum forming a long scape ( Figs 1C–E , 2E ) and differ from this one by the shape of the spermathecae which are reniform in P. deinceps ( Fig. 1D ) and ovoid in P. pennatus (Fig. 17; Brignoli, 1972).

Description. Male holotype (FCE-Ar 10399). Total length: 1.50. Carapace length: 0.62, width: 0.42. Clypeus height: 0.06. Sternum length: 0.34, width: 0.28. Chelicerae length: 0.22. Abdomen length: 0.82, width: 0.42, height: 0.46. Leg formula: IV/I/II/III. Leg lengths (I/II/III/IV): femora: 0.52/0.46/0.40/0.58; patellae: 0.12/0.12/0.12/0.14; tibiae: 0.54/0.44/0.34/0.54; metatarsi: 0.44/0.38/0.36/0.46; tarsi: 0.34/0.32/0.28/0.30; total: 1.96/1.72/1.50/2.02. Palp (femur, patella, tibia, cymbium): 0.16/0.08/0.08/0.20. Metatarsal trichobothria I–III present, IV absent. TmI: 0.32. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME: 0.03, ALE: 0.04, PME: 0.04 and PLE: 0.04; AME-ALE: 0.01, PME-PLE: 0.02, AME-AME: 0.02, PME-PME: 0.04. Eyes with black margins. Setae present at ocular area. Clypeus glabrous. Carapace light brownish, narrowed anteriorly, larger than wide, borders dark brown ( Fig. 1F ). Chelicerae light brown; chelicerae stridulatory striae ~11 striae, imbricated, well-spaced ( Fig. 2A ); paturon with scattered small setae. Chelicerae promargin with five teeth, retromargin with three tiny teeth and difficult to see due to darker coloration in the paturon. Endites yellowish brown, lighter in serrula area, with setae. Labium yellowish brown. Sternum light brown, with dispersed setae. Palps light brown. Legs long and slender, yellow; coxae pale yellow. Distal end of metatarsi I with dorsal lyriform organ ( Figs 2B–C ). Trochanter I with black retrolateral spot. Femur I with basal black retrolateral spot. Abdomen elliptical, longer than wide, dorsally pale yellowish brown, laterally with interrupted pale brown vertical stripes ( Fig. 1F ), ventrally with same coloration as in dorsum. Spinnerets pale yellowish brown. Colulus present. Palpal patella with one dorsal macroseta ( Figs 1A , 2D ). Palpal tibia with one retrolateral, one dorsal and one ventral trichobothrium, a short truncated retrolateral tibial apophysis ( Fig. 1A ) and a retrolateral large macroseta reaching the dorsal cymbial macroseta ( Figs 1A , 2D ). Paracymbium well developed, t-shaped, arising from the mesal side ( Figs 1A , 2D ). Dorsal cymbial macroseta smooth, round in crosssection, with the apex pointing towards the apical and ventral part of the bulb ( Figs 1A , 2D ). Subtegulum ectal to tegulum; suprategular apophysis present, blunt-ended ( Figs 1A–B , 2D ). Radix and tailpiece well developed ( Fig. 1B ). Embolus short and sharp ( Fig. 1B ).

Female paratype (FCE-Ar 10915). Total length: 1.72. Carapace length: 0.60, width: 0.38. Clypeus height: 0.10. Sternum length: 0.38, width: 0.32. Chelicerae length: 0.24. Abdomen length: 1.10, width: 0.64, height: 0.60. Leg formula: IV/I/III/II. Leg lengths (I/II/III/IV): femora: 0.48/0.42/0.40/0.54; patellae: 0.16/0.14/0.14/0.14; tibiae: 0.46/0.34/0.32/0.52; metatarsi: 0.40/0.28/0.34/0.40; tarsi: 0.34/0.26/0.28/0.28; total: 1.84/1.44/1.48/1.88.Palp (femur, patella, tibia, tarsus): 0.16/0.06/0.10/0.16. Metatarsal trichobothria I–III present, IV absent. TmI: 0.30. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME: 0.02, ALE: 0.04, PME: 0.04 and PLE: 0.04; AME-ALE: 0.02, PME-PLE: 0.02, AME-AME: 0.01, PME-PME: 0.04. Eyes with black margins. Setae present at ocular area. Clypeus glabrous. Carapace light brownish, narrowed anteriorly, larger than wide, borders dark brown ( Fig. 1G ). Chelicerae dark brown, white next to fangs. Chelicerae promargin with five teeth, retromargin without teeth. Endites dark brown, lighter in serrula area, with setae. Labium yellowish brown. Sternum dark brown, with dispersed setae. Palps dark brown. Legs long and slender, yellow; coxae II–IV pale yellow. Coxa I dark brown. Trochanter I with brown retrolateral spot. Femur I with basal brown retrolateral spot. Abdomen elliptical, longer than wide, dorsally and laterally pale yellowish brown with even yellow small dots ( Fig. 1G ), ventrally with same coloration but without dots. Spinnerets pale brown. Colulus present. Ventral and dorsal plates extend ventrally out of the abdomen forming a conspicuous scape ( Figs 1C–E , 2E ). Spermathecae reniform ( Fig. 1D ). Copulatory ducts extend along margins of scape ( Fig. 1D ). Fertilization ducts arise from the anterior part of spermathecae ( Fig. 1D ). Scape with an apical depression ( Fig. 1C ). Copulatory openings line shaped, at each side of the distal end of the scape ( Figs 1C–D , 2E–F ).

Variation: Males (n=3). Total length 1.50–1.60; carapace length 0.62–0.72, carapace width 0.33–0.51; femur I 0.52–0.66. Females (n=3). Total length 1.62–1.89; carapace length 0.60–0.72, carapace width 0.38–0.48; femur I 0.48–0.60.

Distribution. Known only from Uruguay (Montevideo, Cerro Largo and Maldonado departments) ( Fig. 3A ).

Natural history. Pseudotyphistes deinceps n. sp. was found mainly in hillside native forests ( Fig. 3B ) and grasslands, but also in riparian native forests and Eucalyptus plantations. Males were collected with pit-fall traps and G-Vac, females were collected only with G-Vac.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Pseudotyphistes deinceps n. sp. Male pedipalp. A, ectal view. B, mesal view. Epigynum. C, ventral view. D, dorsal view. E, lateral view. F, male habitus. G, female habitus. Scale bars (A–B): 0.2 mm, (C–E): 0.1 mm, (F–G): 1 mm.

FIGURE 2. Pseudotyphistes deinceps n. sp. SEM images.A, male chelicerae. B, metatarsal lyriform organ at distal end of male metatarsus. C, metatarsal lyriform organ detail (enclosed box of Fig. 2B). D, male pedipalp (ectal view). E, epigynum (ventral view). F, scape apex of epigynum (enclosed box of Fig. 2E). Arrow indicates the copulatory opening.

FIGURE 3. A, Map distribution of Pseudotyphistes deinceps n. sp. (black triangles) and Pseudotyphistes pennatus (white circles). B, hillside native forests and grasslands (Sierra de Carapé, Maldonado, Uruguay), main environments were P. deinceps n. sp. was found. C, ravine forest (“Gruta de La Llorona”, La Paloma, Durazno, Uruguay) environment where Pseudotyphistes pennatus was found.