Lophostoma carrikeri (A. Allen, 1910)

Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier, 2019, Phyllostomidae, Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, pp. 444-583 : 503-504

31.

Carriker’s Round-eared Bat

Lophostoma carrikeri

French: Lophostome a ventre blanc / German: CarrikerRundohrblattnase / Spanish: Lofostoma de vientre blanco

Taxonomy. Chrotopterus carrikeri J. A. Allen, 1910 ,

“Rio Mocho,” Bolivar, Venezuela.

Lophostoma carriker : was formerly in the genus ZTonatia, but T. E. Lee and collaborators in 2002 showed that Tonatiawas paraphyletic and recommended to restrict it to 1. bidens and 71. saurophila , while reclassifying remaining taxa to Lophostoma . Molecular and morphological analyses showed that L. yasuni , described from eastern Ecuador, was a junior synonym of L. carrikeri . Monotypic.

Distribution. E Colombia, S Venezuela, the Guianas, NE Ecuador, E Peru, N Brazil, and N Bolivia.

Descriptive notes. Head—body 66-76 mm, tail 10-14-9 mm, ear 24-25-9 mm, hindfoot 14-5-15 mm, forearm 42:2-47-7 mm; weight 18-25 g. Greatest lengths of skulls are 23-26-6 mm. Carriker’s Round-eared Bat is medium-sized and larger than the Pygmy Round-eared Bat ( L. brasiliense ) but smaller than Davis's Round-eared Bat ( L. evotis ), the Western Round-eared Bat (L. occidentale), and the White-throated Round-eared Bat ( L. silvicola ). Most measurements of Carriker’s Round-eared Bat overlap with those of Kalko’s Round-eared Bat ( IL. kalkoae ) and Schulz’s Round-eared Bats ( L. schulzi ). Carriker’s Round-eared Batis easily identified by plain white ventral fur on its throat, chest, and abdomen, which is bordered along flanks by gray-brown dorsal fur. Gular region is pale to whitish. Dorsal pelageis long and tricolored, with pale to whitish tips. Noseleaf, chin, and base of ears are dark brown. These characteristics are shared with Kalko’s Round-eared Bat, although the latter has dark brown gular fur and white to pale post-auricular patches. Skull is constricted postorbitally and slightly concave in orbital region; sagittal crests can vary from well developed in adult males to moderately developed or absent in females and young males. Females have an elongated clitoris and swollen labia.

Habitat. Mesic and riparian forests, igapo, varzea, semideciduous savannas, hill forests, gallery forests, primary and secondary terra firma forests, and dry forests in the Amazon Basin. In Brazil, Carriker’s Round-eared Bat has been reported in a transitional locality between semideciduous forest and riparian forest. Generally, it seemsto prefer undisturbed forested areas.

Food and Feeding. Carriker’s Round-eared Bat is a gleaning insectivore. It prefers large beetles, crickets, cicadas, katydids, and other arthropods.

Breeding. Reproductive pattern of Carriker’s Round-eared Bat is bimodal, with peaks in April-May and October, and reproductively active males have found in June. In Guyana, reproductively active males were found in March-April and a pregnant female and a lactating female in April.

Activity patterns. Carriker’s Round-eared Bat is nocturnal. It prefers hollowed arboreal termite nets as shelters, living in small colonies. Observations of congeners suggest that only single adult males construct roost cavities and that they use particular and strong biting behaviors during excavation.

Movements, Home range and Social organization. From observation of congeners,it can be inferred that social system Carriker’s Round-eared Bat is probably harem-based, with resource—defense polygyny where males offer roosts as a resource to females.

Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Carriker’s Round-eared Bat seems to be locally rare but widespread.

Bibliography. Allen (1910), Camacho, Chavez & Burneo (2016), Camacho, Tirira et al. (2014), Fonseca & Pinto (2004), Lee et al. (2002), Lim, B.K. et al. (1999), McCarthy et al. (1992), Zortéa et al. (2009).

Figures

24. Long-legged Bat (Macrophyllum macrophyllum), 25. Fringe-lipped Bat (Trachops cirrhosus), 26. Striped Hairy-nosed Bat (Gardnerycteris crenulatum), 27. Keenan's Hairy-nosed Bat (Gardnerycteris keenani), 28. Koepcke’s Hairy-nosed Bat (Gardnerycteris koepckeae), 29. Kalko’s Round-eared Bat (Lophostoma kalkoae), 30. Pygmy Round-eared Bat (Lophostoma brasiliense), 31. Carriker’s Round-eared Bat (Lophostoma carrikeri), 32. Schulz’s Round-eared Bat (Lophostoma schulzi), 33. Western Round-eared Bat (Lophostoma occidentale), 34. Davis's Round-eared Bat (Lophostoma evotis), 35. White-throated Round-eared Bat (Lophostoma silvicola), 36. Greater Round-eared Bat (Tonatia bidens), 37. Stripe-headed Round-eared Bat (Tonatia saurophila), 38. Pale-faced Bat (Phylloderma stenops), 39. Pale Spear-nosed Bat (Phyllostomus discolor), 40. Lesser Spear-nosed Bat (Phyllostomus elongatus), 41. Greater Spear-nosed Bat (Phyllostomus hastatus), 42. Guianan Spear-nosed Bat (Phyllostomus latifolius), 43. Woolly False Vampire Bat (Chrotopterus auritus), 44. Southern Golden Bat (Mimon bennettii), 45. Cozumelan Golden Bat (Mimon cozumelae), 46. Spectral Bat (Vampyrum spectrum)

Distribution. E Colombia , S Venezuela , the Guianas, NE Ecuador , E Peru , N Brazil , and N Bolivia .