Aquattuor, Frederiksen, 2013

Enghoff, Henrik & Frederiksen, Sara B., 2015, A mountain of millipedes II: The genus Aquattuor Frederiksen, 2013 - five new species from the Udzungwa Mountains and one from Mt. Kilimanjaro, Tanzania (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae), European Journal of Taxonomy 150, pp. 1-25 : 21-22

Aquattuor sp.

Material studied (total: 1 ♀)

TANZANIA: 1 ♀, Nguru Mts, Mhonda Mission at Turiani, Oct. 1992, M. Andersen leg. ( ZMUC).

Remarks

The characteristic limbus places this specimen in Aquattuor , but in the absence of a male, the identity of the species remains obscure. The Nguru Mts are located roughly midway between the Udzungwa and the Usambara Mts.

Key to species of Aquattuor Frederiksen, 2013

The key is based on adult males. The diameter and number of podous rings are not absolute characters – newly collected specimens may fall outside the ranges (and because of the positive correlation between number of rings and diameter, if a specimens falls outside in one parameter, it is likely to fall outside in the other as well). Differences between species are subtle, and specimens should be carefully compared with the diagnoses and illustrations. Specimens collected in new localities are likely to represent new species.

1. Palette (pa) of gonopods elongate, much longer than broad ( Figs 6A , 7A ); 50+ podous rings, diameter> 1.7 mm .............................................................................................................................2

– Palette as long as broad or slightly longer ( Figs 5A , 8A , 9A , 10A , 11A ); diameter <1.9 mm .....3

2. 53–54 podous rings, diameter> 1.9 mm; anterior margin of telomere with a triangular tooth ( Fig. 6A , tt) ................................................... A. major Enghoff sp. nov. (Udzungwa: Mwanihana)

– 50–52 podous rings, diameter ≤ 1.9 mm; anterior margin of telomere without triangular tooth .................................................... A. longipala Enghoff sp. nov. (Udzungwa: W Kilombero Scarp)

3. Subdistal part of telomere almost straight, parallel to coxite, telomere tip bent abruptly lateral ( Fig. 11 ); 50–52 podous rings, diameter 1.6–1.8 mm ........................................................................ .............................................................................. A. denticulatus Frederiksen, 2013 (E Usambara)

– Telomere describing a smoother curve ( Figs 5A, D , 8 B–C, 9C, 10E)...............................................4

4. Telomere describing a c. 360° curve, curving in three dimensions; telomere tip with serrate margins, but surface not microspiculate ...... A. stereosathe Enghoff sp. nov. (Udzungwa: Udzungwa Scarp)

– Telomere describing a c. 270°curve, curving almost in one plane only; telomere tip with microspiculate surface...............................................................................................................................5

5. Lateral incision (li) of gonopod coxa deep, apical palette (pa) rounded-triangular ( Fig. 8A ); ≤ 50 podous rings, diameter ≤ 1.7 mm ....................................................................................... ............. A. udzungwensis Enghoff sp. nov. (Udzungwa: Udzungwa Scarp, W Kilombero Scarp)

– Lateral incision (li) indistinct...........................................................................................................6

6. Palette (pa) of gonopods subquadratic, with well-developed meso-basal lobe (mbl) ( Fig. 10 A–B); 50–53 podous rings, diameter 1.4–1.6 mm ............ A. claudiahempae sp. nov. (Mt. Kilimanjaro)

– Palette more rounded, meso-basal lobe small ( Fig. 5 A–B); 45–48 podous rings, diameter 1.5–1.9 mm ........................................ A. submajor Enghoff sp. nov. (Udzungwa: Mwanihana)

Figures

Fig. 6. Aquattuor major Enghoff sp. nov., paratype. A. Left gonopod, anterior view. B. Left gonopod, posterior view. C–D. Telomere tip, two different views. li = lateral incision; pa = palette; mpl = mesal posterior lamella of telomere; pn = posttorsal narrowing; tt = triangular tooth of telomere. Scale bars: A–B = 0.1 mm; C–D = 0.01 mm.

Fig. 7. Aquattuor longipala Enghoff sp. nov., paratype. A. Gonopods, anterior view. B. Gonopods, posterior view. C. Gonopods, oblique apical (central) view. D. Detail of telomere tip. li = lateral incision; pa = palette; mpl = mesal-posterior lamella of telomere. Scale bars: A–C = 0.1 mm; D = 0.01 mm.

Fig. 5. Aquattuor submajor Enghoff sp. nov., paratype, left gonopod. A. Anterior view. B. Close-up of mesal incision. C. Tip of telomere. D. Posterior view. btl = basal telomeral lamella; li = lateral incision; mi = mesal incision; mpl = mesal-posterior lamella of telomere; pa = palette; pn = posttorsal narrowing. Scale bars: A, D = 0.1 mm; B–C = 0.01 mm.

Fig. 8. Aquattuor udzungwensis Enghoff sp. nov. A–B, D. Paratype. C. Specimen from West Kilombero Scarp FR. A. Gonopods in situ. B. Telopodite, ventral view. C. Right gonopod, anterior view. D. Telomere tip. li = lateral incision; pa = palette; mpl = mesal-posterior lamella of telomere. Scale bars: A–C = 0.1 mm; D = 0.05 mm.

Fig. 9. Aquattuor stereosathe Enghoff sp. nov., paratype. A. Gonopods, anterior view. B. Gonopods, oblique lateral view. C. Tip of telomere. D. Gonopods, posterior view. li = lateral incision; pa = palette. Scale bars: A–C = 0.2 mm; D = 0.01 mm.

Fig. 10. Aquattuor claudiahempae sp. nov., paratype. A. Gonopods, anterior view. B. Right palette, showing well developed meso-basal lobe. C. Telomere tip. D. Margin of telomere tip. E. Gonopods, poterior view. mbl = mesobasal lobe of palette; pa = palette; st9 = sternum of rudimentary 9th leg-pair. Scale bars: A, E = 0.1 mm; B = 0.05 mm; C = 0.02 mm; D = 0.01 mm.

Fig. 11. Aquattuor denticulatus Frederiksen, 2013, paratype. A. Gonopods, posterior view. B. Telomere, distal part, lateral view. C. Gonopods, anterior view. D. Telomere tip. li = lateral incision; bs = basomeral spine; pa = palette; mpl = mesal-posterior lamella of telomere. Scale bars: A, C = 0.1 mm; B = 0.02 mm; D = 0.01 mm.