Pseudochactidae Gromov, 1998

Prendini, Lorenzo, Ehrenthal, Valentin L. & Loria, Stephanie F., 2021, Systematics Of The Relictual Asian Scorpion Family Pseudochactidae Gromov, 1998, With A Review Of Cavernicolous, Troglobitic, And Troglomorphic Scorpions, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2021 (453), pp. 1-153 : 27-28

Family Pseudochactidae Gromov, 1998

Figures 1–43, tables 1–10

Pseudochactidae Gromov, 1998: 1003 , type genus: Pseudochactas Gromov, 1998 ; Fet, 2000: 426; Lourenço, 2000a: 24, 32; 2001: 5; Soleglad and Fet, 2001: 1, 7–9, 10–16, 18, 20–22, 24–26,

35, 38, figs. 2–9, 12, 13, B-1, table 6, appendices B, C; 2003a: 1, 5, 9, 10, 12, 25, 28–30, figs. 3, 44, table 1; 2003b: 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 11,

17, 18, 30, 31, 33, 34, 53, 67, 69–71, 74–77,

84, 87–89, 92, 104, 120, 121, 135, 139–146, 148, 150–153, 170, 174, figs. 114, B-1, B-2, B-3, E-1, tables 9, 11, appendices A, B, E; Fet et al., 2003: 2, 3, table 1; Coddington et al., 2004: 309, 310, fig. 18.5; Fet and Soleglad, 2005: 2, 12, table 2; Prendini and Wheeler, 2005: 448, 460, 463–465, 473, 482, 491–494, tables 2, 8, 10; Fet et al., 2006: 269; Graham and Fet, 2006: 1, 2, 11; Prendini et al., 2006: 211, 213, 218–220, 225, 226, 234, 238, 243, tables 2–4, 6, 7; Kovařík et al., 2007: 206; Lourenço, 2007a: 770, 771, 774; 2007b: 1, 5; Lourenço and Goodman, 2008: 667; Soleglad and Fet, 2008: 71; Volschenk et al., 2008:

656, 659, 670; Vignoli and Prendini, 2009: 3, table 1; Lourenço and Pham, 2010: 1, 2, 6, 12; Botero-Trujillo and Noriega, 2011: 41; Fet et al., 2011a: 15; Prendini, 2011: 117; Lourenço, 2012a: 232, 233, 236, 237, appendix A; 2012b: 732, 733, table 1; Lourenço and Pham, 2012: 80, 84, fig. 4; Soleglad et al., 2012: 89, 95, 96; Steiner, 2013: 417, table 1; Yang et al., 2013: 1; Loria and Prendini, 2014: 3, 5, 7, 11, 12, 18, 20, 21, 24, tables 1–4, fig. 3; Lourenço, 2014: 31, 36–38, 45, map 4; Lourenço and Pham, 2014a: 536; Beron, 2015: 172; Sharma et al., 2015a: 351; 2015b: 1, 3–6, 8, 9, table 1, figs.

1, 2b, 4; Lourenço, 2017a: 19; Pham et al., 2017: 133, 134; Beron, 2018: 834; Deharveng and Bedos, 2018: 121; Kovařík et al., 2018:

10; Loria and Prendini, 2018: 186, table 2; Lourenço et al., 2018: 264, 265, 272; Francke, 2019: 32; Howard et al., 2019: 74, 75; Santibáñez-López et al., 2019a: 26, 29, tables 3, 4.

DIAGNOSIS: Pseudochactidae may be separated from all other scorpion families by means of the following combination of characters: carapace with distinct circumocular sutures; pedipalps with Type D trichobothrial pattern; telotarsi of legs I–IV each with pair of ventrosubmedian rows of spinules; Type 1, pentagonal sternum; lamelliform hemispermatophore; meta- somal segment V with ventrosubmedian carinae complete.

Pseudochactidae may be separated from Buthidae and Chaerilidae as follows. Whereas basal teeth are absent from the dorsal margin of the cheliceral movable finger in Pseudochactidae , one or two basal teeth are present in Chaerilidae and Buthidae , respectively. A serrula, present on the ventral margin of the cheliceral movable finger in Pseudochactidae , is absent in the other families. Anterosubmedial depressions of the carapace, situated medial to the lateral ocelli, are well developed in Pseudochactidae (figs. 10–12), vestigial in Chaerilidae , and absent in Buthidae . Circumocular sutures of the carapace, present in Pseudochactidae (figs. 10–12), are absent in the other families. Mediolateral major (MLMa) ocelli, absent in Pseudochactidae , are present in the other families. The retrodorsal carina of the pedipalp femur is present and distinct in Pseudochactidae (figs. 23, 28, 34, 38, 42), but often absent or obsolete in the other families. Pedipalp femur trichobothria d 1 and d 6, petite in Pseudochactidae (figs. 23, 28, 34, 38, 42), are full size in the other families, whereas d 4, full size in Pseudochactidae , is petite in Chaerilidae and absent in Buthidae ; d 3 and d 4 are situated in the same axis, such that d 3 – d 4 is parallel to the retrodorsal carina in Pseudochactidae , d 4 is retrolateral to d 3 such that d 3 – d 4 is directed toward the retrodorsal carina (α configuration) in Chaerilidae and some Buthidae , or d 4 is prolateral to d 3 such that d 3 – d 4 is directed away from the retrodorsal carina (β configuration) in some Buthidae . The dorsomedian, retromedian, and ventromedian carinae of the pedipalp patella, absent in Pseudochactidae (figs. 23, 28, 34, 38, 42), are present in the other families. Pedipalp patella trichobothium em 1, absent in Pseudochactidae (figs. 23, 28, 34, 38, 42), is present in the other families and est, petite in Pseudochactidae , is full size in the other families. Pedipalp chela trichobothrium it 1 (it situated at the base of the fixed finger) and petite trichobothrium ib 2, present in Pseudochactidae (figs. 24, 25, 29, 30, 35, 36, 39, 43), are absent in the other families, whereas trichobothria est, et, and V 1, absent in Pseudochactidae , are present in the other families. A pair of ventrosubmedian rows