Eperua jenmanii Oliver (1891: 1955)

Fortes, Elenice A., Dos, Ilka P., Steege, Hans Ter, Aymard, Gerardo, Secco, Ricardo De S., Martins-Da-Silva, Regina Célia V. & Mansano, Vidal F., 2023, A taxonomic revision of the genus Eperua (Leguminosae, Detarioideae, Detarieae), Phytotaxa 617 (1), pp. 1-127 : 61-67

10. Eperua jenmanii Oliver (1891: 1955)

( Figures 13 , 38 , 39 )

Type (designated by Cowan 1975): — GUYANA. Essequibo River, August 1884, Jenman G. S. 2154 (lectotype K [000555100] image!) .

= Dimorpha grandiflora Rudge (1807: 179) , nom. illeg.

Type (designated by Fortes & Mansano 2022): Unknown locality, s.d., Martin J. s.n. (lectotype BM [000065079] image!, isolectotype F [0111407] image!)

= Eperua stipulata Kleinhoonte. (1933: 171) .

Type (designated by Fortes & Mansano 2022): SURINAM. Saramaca, May 1924, Febis 6468 (lectotype U [0003226] image!, isolectotypes U [0003227] image!, U [0003231] image!)

Tree 5.0–30.0 m tall. Trunk 8.5–79.6 cm in diameter, bark gray to pale-brown. Stipules 3.7–25.4(–31.2) × 2.3–31 mm, joined at the base, sometimes free or entirely joined, foliaceous or non-foliaceous, persistent. Leaves 3–5-jugate; petioles 0.8–3.0 cm long; rachis 6.0–20.0(–25.8) cm long; petiolules 6.0– 10.4 mm long; blades 5.5–16.2 × 2.2–6.6 cm, coriaceous, glabrous, epunctate to pellucid-punctate, discolorous, equilateral, lower pair elliptic, ovate to lanceolate, middle pair elliptic to narrowly elliptic, upper pair elliptic to narrowly, apex acuminate to attenuate, mucronate, rarely caudate, base symmetrical, with one pair of inconspicuous abaxially gland, lower pair base obtuse to rounded, rarely subcordate, middle pair base obtuse to rounded, upper pair base obtuse to cuneate, margin flat to slightly revolute, secondary venation with two intramarginal veins, vein closer to the margin continuous, main vein straight, depressed, prominent near the base to entirely prominent on the adaxial surface, tertiary veins conspicuous, areoles smaller, concave, to larger, plane. Inflorescences terminal, axillary or cauliflorous, erect, raceme, rarely panicle, puberulent or glabrous, trichomes white, 1.3–7.2 cm long; bracts (1.7–)3.0–5.3(–8.5) × (1.1–) 3.5–5.8 mm, ovate, broadly ovate to oblate, cucullate, apex gland absent, puberulent externally, glabrous within or glabrous in both sides, ciliate, trichomes white, persistent; bracteoles (2.3–)3.6–9.0 × (1.0–)2.0– 6.9 mm, ovate to broadly ovate, apex gland absent, puberulent externally, glabrous within or glabrous in both sides, ciliate, trichomes white, persistent, attached to the lower portion of the pedicels at slightly different levels; pedicel 4.5–16.9 mm long, 1.0– 2.4 mm in diameter, not twisted, puberulent, sometimes puberulent to glabrescent or glabrous, trichomes white; buds 0.8–2.2 cm long, 0.4–1.1 cm in diameter, puberulous or glabrous, trichomes white. Flowers: hypanthium 1.8–4.8 mm long, 2.9–6.8 mm in diameter, cup-shaped, inequilateral, puberulent, sometimes puberulent to glabrescent, or glabrous, trichomes white; sepal 1.4–3.1 × 0.4–1.3 cm, oblong, elliptic to obovate, unequal, the dorsal one larger, cucullate, apex gland present on the outer ones, pink, magenta, purple to reddish-purple, puberulent to glabrescent or glabrous, scarious marginally, trichomes white; adaxial petal 3.2–11.7 × 4.0– 9.6 cm, obovate to broadly obovate, tubular, apex rounded, crisped, base attenuate, gibbous, lavender, purple to pink, whitish marginally, glabrous; petalodia 0.3–5.9 × 0.3–1.3 mm, lavender to white; stamens inserted, joined basally in a diadelphous sheath, dorsal one free, longer filaments 3.0– 7.6 cm long, shorter filaments 2.2–5.6 cm long, sheath inequilateral, shorter side 9.1–15.0(–23.0) or 4.5–13.0 mm long, longer side 10.3– 26.0 or 6.1–18.0 mm long, sheath irregularly villous, pubescent to puberulous, free filaments glabrous, trichomes white, shorter stamens anthers 1.4–3.0 × 0.8–1.6 mm, rectangular, longer stamens anthers 2.5–4.1 × 1.0– 2.6 mm, rectangular; ovary 4.0–11.0 × 2.4–5.1 mm, obovate, glabrous, stipe 3.4–10.0 mm long, glabrous, style 2.5–4.9 cm long, stigma obtuse to capitate, papillose. Legumes 6.0–17.0 × 5.6–11.2 cm, stipe 1.0– 2.7 cm, oblong to obovate, apex truncate, rounded to obtuse, dorsal side apiculate, dorsal margin thickened, dark redsish-brown to reddish-brown, with transversal veins, sometimes inconspicuous, glabrous, rugose. Seeds 1–2 per fruit, 4.6–6.0 × 2.5–3.9 cm, elliptic, ovate to oblong, reddish-brown.

Distribution:— E. jenmanii occurs in Guyana (Cuyuni-Mazaruni, Upper Demerara-Berbice), mainly in the Mazaruni River and lower Esequibo River in Esequibo River basin region, and Venezuela (Bolívar), mainly in the Caura, Paragua, and Caroni rivers in the Orinoco River basin region. There are some sterile collections in French Guiana (Sabatier D. 1879, Sauvain M. 479) and Surinam (Febis 6468, Hoffman B. 6146) that resembles E. jenmanii , but flowering and fruiting collections are needed to confirm the distribution of the species in those areas..

Habitat:— Floodplain (riverine) forests, sometimes reaches upland forests and wallaba forests, from 5-225(– 1220) m elev.

Conservation status:— Categorized as Least Concern (LC) according to the IUCN criteria ( IUCN 2012, IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee 2022). The estimated extent of occurrence for the species is 264,200.096 km 2 and the estimated area of occupancy is 176.000 km 2.

Vernacular names:— arekuna (Cardona F.2158), baboen walaba (Febis 6468), caraoto (Beruordi 2130, Stergios B. 11719), itoeli walaba (Stahel G. 334), tumay-yek (Steyermark J.A. 60376), opá (Cardona F. 2158), opá-yek (Steyermark J.A. 60376, 60754), water wallaba (Redden K.M. et al. 2074).

Specimens examined:— GUYANA. Cuyuni-Mazaruni, Essequibo River , W bank, Wolga 1 km S, to lower 0.5 km of Kamwatta Creek, 5 m elev., 6°27’0”N 58°36’0”W, 01 April 1993, Henkel T.W. et al. 1863 (US). Upper Demerara-Berbice, Berbice River, 230 km upriver from mouth, N of Kwakwani, Aroiama mining Co. land concession , 70 m elev., 5°39’36”N 58°0’0”W, May 1995, SI/MAB 60818 ( US). VENEZUELA. Bolívar, Cedeño, Majawana village along the Río Majagua , tributary of the Río Erebato , 05 March 1992, Boom B.M. 10297 ( NY); Ciudad Guayana , orillas de Caroni and upstream from the woods of Ikabaru , October 1947, Cardona F. 27015 ( US). Wooded slopes of Quebrada O-paru-má , between Santa Teresita de Kavanayén and Río Pacairao (tributary of rio Mouak), 1065–1220 m elev., 20–21 November 1944, Steyermark J.A. 60376 ( F).

Eperua jenmanii has two subspecies: E. jenmanii subsp. jenmanii and E. jenmanii subsp. sandwithii .

Figures

FIGURE 13. Geographic distribution of Eperua banaensis, E. jenmanii subsp. jenmanii, E. jenmanii subsp. sandwithii, and E. obtusata.

FIGURE 38. Eperua jenmanii: A. stipules, subsp. sandwithii; B. intramarginal veins, abaxial surface of the leaflet, subsp. jenmanii; C. inconspicuous pellucid-punctate leaflets, subsp. jenmanii; D. flowers, lateral view; E. flowers, front view; F. bracteoles attached to the lower portion of the pedicel, subsp. sandwithii; G. detail of the inflorescence indumentum, subsp. jenmanii; H. detail of the hypanthium indumentum, subsp. jenmanii; I. detail of the sheath indumentum, subsp. jenmanii; J. detail of the glabrous hypanthium and ciliate bracteoles, subsp. sandwithii; K. fruit, subsp. jenmanii. Specimens, A, J: Liesner R.L. & Morillo G. 13972; B, C, G, I: Tillett S.S. & Tillett C.L. 45699; F: Redden K.M. et al. 7059; H: Stergios B. et al. 6152; K: Redden K.M. et al. 1760. Photos, D, E: Westra; A–C, F–K: E.A. Fortes.

FIGURE 39. Eperua jenmanii. A. inflorescence and leaf, subsp. jenmanii; B. inflorescence and leaf, subsp. sandwithii; C. stamens joined in a diadelphous sheath 9+1, subsp. sandwithii; D. glabrous carpel, subsp. sandwithii; E. adaxial petal, subsp. sandwithii. Specimens, A: Jenman G.S. 573; B: Prance G.T. et al. 10871; C–E: Maguire B. 33136. Illustrated by Carlos Alvarez.