Eperua grandiflora ( Aublet 1775: 757 ) Baillon (1870: 110)

Fortes, Elenice A., Dos, Ilka P., Steege, Hans Ter, Aymard, Gerardo, Secco, Ricardo De S., Martins-Da-Silva, Regina Célia V. & Mansano, Vidal F., 2023, A taxonomic revision of the genus Eperua (Leguminosae, Detarioideae, Detarieae), Phytotaxa 617 (1), pp. 1-127 : 54-59

9. Eperua grandiflora ( Aublet 1775: 757) Baillon (1870: 110)

( Figures 9 , 32 , 33 , 34 )

≡ Parivoa grandiflora Aublet (1775: 757) .

Type (designated by Cowan 1975): — FRENCH GUIANA. Unknown locality, s.d. [July 1762 – July 1764], Aublet J. B. C. F. s.n. (lectotype BM [000952282] image!, isolectotypes P [00835933] image!, P [00835934] image!) .

≡ Dimorpha grandiflora (Aubl.) Forsyth (1794: 391) nom. Illeg. Superfl.

≡ Dimorpha grandiflora (Aubl.) Willdenow (1802: 971) , nom. Illeg. Superfl.

= Eperua kourouensis Benoist (1916: 273) .

Type (designated by Fortes & Mansano 2022): — FRENCH GUIANA Gourdonville, Kourou R., 8 September 1914, Benoist R. 1595 (lectotype P [00835930] image!, isolectotypes, P [00835931] image!, P [00835932] image!) .

Tree 3.0–40.0 m tall. Trunk 20.0–100.0 cm in diameter, bark gray, greyish-black, reddish, red, lenticellate, smooth to caled. Stipules 1.9–11.3(–27.1) × 1.3–10.0(–21.2) mm, free, foliaceous, sometimes non-foliaceous, caducous to persistent. Leaves 2–3(–4)-jugate; petioles 0.6–2.6 cm long; rachis 3.0– 11.7 cm long; petiolules 1.4–9.3 mm long; blades 3.8–15.8 × 1.6–6.9(–9.6) cm, coriaceous, glabrous, epunctate, inconspicuous pellucid-punctate to minutely pellucid-punctate, discolorous to not discolorous, equilateral,lower pair ovate, elliptic to lanceolate, middle pair narrowly elliptic to elliptic, upper pair elliptic to narrowly elliptic, apex attenuate, acuminate to caudate, base symmetrical to oblique, par of glands absent or with one pair of glands, lower pair base obtuse, rounded to subcordate, middle pair base obtuse to rounded, upper pair base obtuse, margin flat to slightly revolute, rarely very revolute or very revolute, rarely flat, secondary venation with one or two intramarginal veins, vein closer to the margin continuous or not, main vein straight, prominent to depressed on the adaxial surface, tertiary veins conspicuous to inconspicuous, areoles smaller, concave. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, panicle or raceme, erect, pubescent to tomentose, sometimes puberulous, or pubescent, puberulous to glabrescent, or glabrous, brownish-yellow, 2.3–9.8 cm long, lateral racemes 1.2–6.0 cm long, alternate and distichous; bracts 2.1–4.7 × 1.6–4.0 mm, ovate to broadly ovate, cucullate, apex gland present or absent, tomentose, pubescent to puberulous externally, glabrous within, or glabrous, ciliate, brownish-yellow, caducous to persistent; bracteoles 2.3–3.9 × 2.0– 3.7 mm, or 1.9–3.0 × 1.5–3.4 mm, or 4.7–5.6 × 3.8–5.9 mm, ovate to broadly ovate, cucullate, apex gland present or absent, pubescent to tomentose, rarely puberulous externally, glabrous within, or pubescent to puberulous on both sides to glabrous within, brownish-yellow, persistent, attached to the higher portion of the pedicels or at the base of the hypanthium, at slightly different levels; pedicel 3.0– 10.3 mm long, 0.5–1.6 mm in diameter, not twisted, puberulous, pubescent to tomentose, or glabrous, brownish-yellow; buds 0.4–1.3 cm long, 0.3–0.6 cm in diameter, pubescent to puberulous, sometimes glabrescent, or glabrous, brownish-yellow. Flowers: hypanthium 1.5–2.8 mm long, 1.9–4.1 mm in diameter, cup-shaped, inequilateral to equilateral, tomentose, pubescent to puberulous, or glabrous, brownish-yellow; sepal 0.5–1.4 × 0.2–0.8 cm, elliptic, ovate, lanceolate to oblanceolate, unequal, the dorsal one larger, cucullate, apex gland present or absent, green, purple-green, purplish, brown-purple, brown to burgundy, pubescent, puberulous to glabrescent, or glabrous, trichomes brownish-yellow; adaxial petal 1.5– 4.3 × 1.4–5.1 cm, flabellate, tubular, apex rounded, base attenuate, pale-pink, pink, purple, pale-purple, lilac, whitish inner, to white with purple guide nectar, glabrous; petalodia 0.2–1.2 × 0.2–0.5 mm; stamens, inserted, joined basally in a diadelphous sheath, dorsal one free, longer filaments 0.9–2.7 cm long, shorter filaments 0.5–1.3 cm long, sheath inequilateral, shorter side 2.5–5.0 mm long, longer side 4.0–11.0 mm long, sheath irregularly tomentose, pubescent to puberulous, sometimes irregularly villous to entirely villous, or pubescent to puberulous, or irregularly villous, free filament glabrous, free filament glabrous, brownish-yellow, anthers 1.1–2.6 × 0.3–1.1 mm, rectangular; ovary 1.7–5.4 × 1.3–3.7 mm, obovate, glabrous or sericeous, stipe 1.6–5.1 mm long, glabrous, style 1.2–2.1 cm long, stigma obtuse, papillate. Legumes 6.0–12.4 × 4.3–9.2 cm, stipe 0.8–1.4 cm long, oblong, elliptic to obovate, apex truncate, obtuse to rounded, margin thickened, dark-brown, transversal veins present or absent, glabrous or puberulous, very rugose. Seeds 1–2 per fruit, 3.4–4.5 × 4.9–7.4 cm, oblate, dark-brown.

Conservation status:— Categorized as Least Concern ( LC) according to the IUCN criteria ( IUCN 2012, IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee 2022). The estimated extent of occurrence for the species is 378,125.077 km 2 and the estimated area of occupancy is 208.000 km 2.

Eperua grandiflora has three subspecies presented here: E. grandiflora subsp. grandiflora , E. grandiflora subsp. guyanensis , and E. grandiflora subsp. ciliata subsp. nov.

Figures

FIGURE 9. Geographic distribution of Eperua grandiflora subsp. grandiflora, E. grandiflora subsp. guyanensis, E. grandiflora subsp. ciliata, and E. manausensis.

FIGURE 32. Eperua grandiflora: A. flowering branchlet, subsp. grandiflora; B. flower, lateral view, subsp. grandiflora; C. one-seeded fruits, subsp. grandiflora; D. leaflet with revolute margin, subsp. guyanensis; E. intramarginal vein, abaxial surface, subsp. grandiflora; F. epunctate leaflet blade, subsp. grandiflora; G. flower showing the stamens and ovary indumentum, subsp. grandiflora; H flower showing the stamens and ovary indumentum, subsp. guyanensis. Specimens, A, B: Goldenberg R. et al. 2632; D, H: Zartman C.E. 7928; E, F: Forzza R.C. et al. 9951; G: Pires J.M. et al. 50878. Photos, A, B: R Goldenberg; C: D. Sabatier; D–H: E.A. Fortes.

FIGURE 33. Eperua grandiflora. Leaf with revolute leaflets, subsp. guyanensis; B. flowering branchlet, leaflets with flat margins, subsp. grandiflora; D. base of the stamens joined in a sheath, subsp. grandiflora; E. anther and filament, subsp. grandiflora; F. hypanthium and glabrous carpel, subsp. grandiflora; G. style and stigma, subsp. grandiflora. Specimens A: Tutin T.G. 245; B–G: Pires J.M. et al. 51659. Illustrated by Carlos Alvarez.

FIGURE 34. Eperua grandiflora var. grandiflora: A. flowering branchlet; B. base of the leaflet; C. free non-foliaceous stipules; D. intramarginal vein, abaxial surface; E. detail of the inflorescence; F. flower, lateral view; G. flower, frontal view; H. part of a flower showing the bracteoles and sepals; I. adaxial petal; J. stamens joined in a diadelphous sheath; K. detail of the stamen indumentum; L. anther and part of the filament; M. glabrous carpel; N. stigma. Specimen, Goldenberg R. et al. 2632. Illustrated by Marcus Falc„o.