Ommatides Uhler, 1894

Hoey-Chamberlain, Rochelle & Weirauch, Christiane, 2019, Taxonomic revision of the New World big-eyed minute litter bug genus Ommatides Uhler (Hemiptera: Schizopteridae), Zootaxa 4585 (1), pp. 73-99 : 75-78

Ommatides Uhler

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:4729E6A6-8E02-45C0-B594-E85FBEC18FD3

Ommatides Uhler, 1894: 159 (gen. nov.)

Williamsocoris Carpintero & Dellapé, 2006: 653 (gen. nov.). New Synonym

Type species. Ommatides insignis Uhler 1894

Diagnosis. Ommatides is recognized among New World Hypselosomatinae by the male with dorsally expanded 1st labial segment ( Fig. 5 ), labial segments 1 and 4 with or without short, stout setae and processes ( Fig. 5 ), sparse setation (in comparison to Glyptocombus ; refer to Weirauch, Hoey-Chamberlain, and Knyshov 2018, Figure 1 ) on the apex of the foretibia ( Fig. 4C and Fig. 2 O . nudus male), and the distinctive shape of sternum 9 (genital capsule) with a thumb-like apex curving to the right ( Fig. 9 ). Resembling Glyptocombus in number of clypeal macrosetae, male genitalic features, and lack of modification of the 1st labial segment of females, but distinguished by only sparse setation on apex of foretibia, less prominent wing veins, and a white or pale band on the clavus or anterior ¼ of wings (except O. pillcopata sp. nov.).

Re-description. Male: coleopteroid to macropterous with wings not quite reaching tip of abdomen to wings reaching well past tip of abdomen ( Fig. 1 ); body ovoid to elongate ovoid; total length (from clypeus to tip of abdomen or tip of forewing, whichever is longest): 1.05 (elytrous, O. insignis ), 1.24–2.46 mm (submacropterous to macropterous, all other Ommatides ). COLORATION: Dark brown to brown with yellow legs, sometimes with pale band across wing (except O. pillcopata sp. nov.) and brown patches on legs ( Figs 1 , 2 ). SURFACE AND VESTITURE: with 3 clypeal macrosetae; 2 lateral macrosetae on buccula; 2 lateral macrosetae on 1st labial segment, lobes of dorsally expanded 1st labial segment with none to many setae; 2 lateral and 1 ventral macrosetae on 2nd labial segment ( Figs 2 , 5 ); sparse setation on apex of foretibia ( Fig. 4C and Fig. 2 O . nudus male); hind tibia with 5 erect medium-length stout setae ventrally on distal half; 2nd tarsomere of hind leg with 2 stout setae anteroventrally [except O. ornatus (Carpintero & Dellapé) which has 6 erect medium-length stout setae ventrally on distal half; 2nd tarsomere of hind leg with 1 stout setae anteroventrally]. STRUCTURE. HEAD: 1st labial segment ranging from slightly to extremely dorsally expanded and from unarmed to armed with many short, stout setae to armed with various combinations of short and large stout setae; 2nd segment elongate, 3rd as long as 2nd or represented by small dorsal sclerite, 4th as long as 3rd or (when 3rd reduced) extending from 2nd segment with 1 to 3 pairs of processes ( Fig. 5 ). THORAX: ratio of pronotal collar length to pronotum length 0.20–0.33; pronotal collar present and usually depressed below rest of pronotum ( Fig. 1 ); posterolateral margin of pronotum narrowly to broadly concave ( Fig. 1 ); ratio of height to length of forefemur 0.15–0.30; forefemur anteriorly with or without spicules; apex of foretibia expanded; 2nd tarsomere of hind leg with 2 stout setae anteroventrally; tarsal formula 3-3-3; ratio of length of hind tibia to width of pronotum 1.00–1.33; forewing with four marginal cells (rc1-rc3, dc1) following subcostal cell ( Figs 7 , 8 ). ABDOMEN AND GENITALIA (after Knyshov et al., 2018: see Williamsocoris sp. UCR_ENT 00057523: figures 1h, 12e, and 18c) ( Figs 6 , 9 ): pregenital abdomen weakly asymmetrical, not laterally curved ( Fig. 3 ), dorsum slightly less sclerotized than ventrum; segment 8 and pygophore more heavily sclerotized than segments 1–7 ( Fig. 2 ), dorsal surface smooth; with 7 pairs of spiracles (segments 2-8), located laterally on sterna (segments 2–7), or on processes of mediotergite (segment 8; Fig. 6 : arrow) with varying levels of sclerotization; scars of dorsal abdominal gland ostioles at anterior margin of mediotergite 7; modifications of pregenital abdomen comprising mediotergite 7 symmetrical and short ( Fig. 6 : Ommatides duodentis sp. nov.), laterotergites 7 indistinct, sternum 7 asymmetrical and long. Genitalia sinistrally directed, mediotergite 8 asymmetrical and short, with asymmetric processes at sides ( Fig. 6 ); sternum 8 asymmetrical, short ( Fig. 3 ); pygophore asymmetrical, oval, open dorsally, with large process on posterior margin ( Figs 2 , 6 ), mediotergite 9 indistinct; laterotergites 9 indistinct; parameres asymmetrical, left smaller than right ( Fig. 6 ); left paramere short, basal process short and rounded, apical process elongated and rounded; right paramere elongated, basal process short and rounded, apical process elongated, club-shaped, with patch of long stout setae at apex; basal plates strongly asymmetrical; phallosoma represented by circular sclerite; conjunctiva largely membranous, with one or two elongated rounded appendages; vesica with narrow base and coiled thin long distal region, with additional sclerites forming sheath; anophore asymmetrical, with long thick curved left directed process; anal tube sclerotized at apex.

Female: coleopteroid to macropterous with wings not quite reaching tip of abdomen to wings reaching well past tip of abdomen ( Fig. 1 ); body ovoid to elongate ovoid; total length: 1.33–2.07 mm. COLORATION: as in male. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: macrosetae on clypeus, buccula, and 1st labial segment as in male, with 1st labial segment unarmed; vestiture on legs as in male. STRUCTURE. HEAD: as in male, with 1st labial segment not expanded and unarmed. THORAX: ratio of pronotal collar length to pronotum length 0.17–0.26; pronotal collar and posterolateral margin of pronotum as in male ( Fig. 1 ); ratio of height to length of forefemur 0.21–0.32; tarsal formula 2-2-3; ratio of length of hind tibia to width of pronotum 0.81–1.37; forewing venation as in male. ABDOMEN AND GENITALIA ( Fig. 9 ): Anterior gonapophysis with 3 teeth-like processes (anterior rounded, middle and posterior sharply pointed), without subapical serration; posterior gonapophysis with 2 teeth-like processes (both posterior and anterior sharply pointed); median styloid bifurcated, no procurved hook projecting ventrally from the apex of the bifurcation; gonoplacs small upward facing; spermathecal gland with flat apex; spermathecal gland duct curved; spermathecal reservoir small and globular; spermathecal duct short and slightly tapered.

Discussion. We here synonymize Williamsocoris with Ommatides based on both morphological and molecular (Hoey-Chamberlain et al., in prep.) evidence and from here on treat Williamsocoris ornatus Carpintero & Dellapé in its new combination Ommatides ornatus (Carpintero & Dellapé) . The newly discovered species described below feature various combinations of labial armature ( Figs 4 , 5 ) that bridge the gap between Ommatides (labial segments 3 and 4 unarmed) and Williamsocoris (4th labial segment with pair of long processes). Some taxa resemble O. insignis Uhler in the absence of stout setae on the 1st labial segment and processes on the 4th segment (e.g., Ommatides nudus sp. nov.), others show exaggerated conditions of both characters that even surpasses the situation in O. ornatus (e.g., Ommatides tridentis sp. nov.), and yet others feature armature on the 1st and 4th labial segments that are intermediate between these extremes (e.g., Ommatides pristis sp. nov. or Ommatides yoderi sp. nov.). Hoey-Chamberlain et al. (in prep.) recovered species with and without exaggerated labial features within one well supported clade; taxa with extreme labial armature formed early diverging lineages, while taxa with more modest armature were nested within the clade. Due to the unavailability of DNA-quality material only some species of Ommatides were sampled in that study, and a full reconstruction of labial features of Ommatides is therefore not possible at this time.

The two previously described species of Ommatides also share several morphological features that do not occur in other described Hypselosomatinae: the 1st labial segment is dorsally expanded (not expanded in other hypselosomatines), and the apex of the foretibia is beset with sparse setation (dense in Glyptocombus ). Species of Glyptocombus have been documented from throughout North America and Mexico ( Weirauch et al. 2018), while Ommatides appears to be restricted to Central and South America including the Lesser Antilles. The differences in wing type and wing venation seen between O. insignis Uhler and O. ornatus are consistent with species-level differences within a genus in other taxa of Schizopteridae .

Figures

FIGURE 1. Dorsal habitus images of Ommatides spp. males and females.

FIGURE 2. Lateral habitus images of Ommatides spp. males and females. Black arrows pointing our 4th labial segment processes (O. duodentis male, O. tridentis male) and sparse setation of foretibia (O. nudus male)

FIGURE 3. Ventral habitus images of Ommatides males and females. Black arrow pointing our 4th labial segment processes (O. duodentis male).

FIGURE 4. SEMs of Ommatides parvidentis sp. nov. (UCR_ENT 00057523); (A) Head and thorax lateral, white arrows indicate the lateral margin of the pronotum and the enlarged 1st labial segment, (B) Head and thorax (minus wings) dorsal, (C) Head and thorax frontal, white arrows indicate the short setae along the dorsal edge of the 1st labial segment, the large setae on smaller lobes at tip of large lobes, the pair of short, proximal processes on the 4th labial segment, and sparse setation of foretibia, (D) hind coxa, white arrow indicating adhesive pad consisting of microtrichia on medial surface.

FIGURE 5. Labial structures of Ommatides spp. males in frontal view. Shading indicating degree of sclerotization. bubuccula; ca—conjunctival appendage; cly—clypeus; els—enlarged labial segment; mdpl—mandibular plate; mxpl—maxillary plate; proc—process; set—setae; spn—spine

FIGURE 6. Male genitalia of Ommatides spp.in dorsal view. Arrow indicating location of (or estimation of) abdominal spiracle 8 on tergum 8 process. ano—anophore; anop—anophoric appendage; at—anal tube; ca—conjunctival appendage; lpleft paramere; rp—right paramere; s9—sternum 9; t8—tergum 8; t8p—tergum 8 process; v—vesica.

FIGURE 7. Forewing of Ommatides spp. for males of all and females of selected species. An1—1st anal vein; An2—2nd anal vein; ac—anal cell; bc basal cell; Cu—cubital vein; cub—cubital cell; dc—discal cell; M—media; R—radius; R1—1st branch of radius; R2—2nd branch of radius; R3—3rd branch of radius; rc1-3—radial cells along costal margin; Sc—subcosta; sccsubcostal cell; tc—trapezoidal cell; wc—wing coupling organ.

FIGURE 8. Forewing of Ommatides spp. for males of all and females of selected species. An1—1st anal vein; An2—2nd anal vein; ac—anal cell; bc—basal cell; Cu—cubital vein; cub—cubital cell; dc—discal cell; M—media; R—radius; R1—1st branch of radius; R2—2nd branch of radius; R3—3rd branch of radius; rc1-3—radial cells along costal margin; Sc—subcosta; scc—subcostal cell; tc—trapezoidal cell; wc—wing coupling organ.

FIGURE 9. Male and female genitalic features of selected species of Ommatides. (A) Ommatides duodentis sp. nov.: male genitalia in dorsal perspective (ED_3548; UCR_ENT 00100847); (B) Ommatides nudus sp. nov.: male genitalia in ventral perspective (ED_3542; UCR_ENT 00025951); (C) Ommatides parvidentis sp. nov.: female genitalia in dorsal perspective (ED_4109; UCR_ENT 00098890); (D) Ommatides nudus sp. nov.: female genitalia in lateral perspective (ED_3543; UCR_ENT 00025952). ano—anophore; anop—anophoric appendage; ag—anterior gonapophysis; at—anal tube; caconjunctival appendage; g—gonoplacs; lp—left paramere; pg—posterior gonapophysis; rp—right paramere; s7—sternum 7; s8—sternum 8; s9—sternum 9; spgd—spermathecal gland duct; spgl—spermathecal gland; spr—spermathecal reservoir; spth—spermatheca; st—styloid; t 7, 8, 9—tergum 7, 8, 9; t8p—tergum 8 process; t10—tergum 10; t10p—process of tergum 10; v—vesica.