Caecum quadratum Carpenter, 1857

Raines, Bret K., 2020, A Rosetta Stone for eastern Pacific Caecidae (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda), Zootaxa 4827 (1), pp. 1-146 : 57-61

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4827.1.1

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2CE528C2-DE07-4155-B37D-BE2C342A3901

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4453308

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3DF49-FFDA-FFBD-FF44-FB8AFA1B3F64

treatment provided by

Plazi

scientific name

Caecum quadratum Carpenter, 1857
status

 

Caecum quadratum Carpenter, 1857 View in CoL

Figures 39 View FIGURE 39 A–E, 40A–I, 41A–B, 127K

Caecum (Anellum) quadratum Carpenter, 1857: 322 View in CoL , 7 syntypes NHMUK 1857.6 About NHMUK .4.1529, Mazatlan.

Caecum (Anellum) compactum Carpenter, 1857: 322 View in CoL , 7 syntypes NHMUK 1857.6 About NHMUK .4.1530, Mazatlan.

Caecum (Anellum) quadratum View in CoL — Carpenter, 1858: 428.

Caecum dalli Bartsch, 1920: 568 View in CoL , holotype USNM 340724 About USNM , San Diego , California.

Caecum grippi Bartsch, 1920: 568 View in CoL , holotype USNM 206961 About USNM , San Diego , California.

Caecum licalum Bartsch, 1920: 568 View in CoL , holotype USNM 340725 About USNM , San Diego , California.

Caecum diegense Bartsch, 1920: 568 View in CoL , holotype USNM 340726 About USNM , San Diego , California. (Lost)

Caecum quadratum View in CoL — Carpenter, 1860: 32; Tryon, 1886: 217, pl. 67, fig. 67; Palmer, 1951: 43; Brann, 1966: pl. 34, fig. 370; Keen, 1968: 419, fig. 79; Keen, 1971: 397; Hertz, 1979a: 2; Skoglund, 1992: 28; Lightfoot, 1993a: 15, fig. 2; Raines, 2019: 98, figs. 1C–D, [non Shasky, 1984: 27; non Kaiser, 1997: 29; non Finet et al. 2016: 28].

Caecum compactum View in CoL — Tryon, 1886: 217, pl. 67, fig. 68; Keen, 1968: 418, fig. 76; Keen, 1971: 397; Lightfoot, 1993a: 16, fig 3.

Caecum dalli View in CoL —Abbott, 1974: 91, fig. 872; McLean, 1978: 29, fig. 14.2.

Material examined. In addition to the type material the following lots were examined. NHMLAC: LACM 1963 About LACM - 42.37 About LACM , Banda Point, Baja California, Mexico, 3–10 m, 30 sh ; LACM 1963 About LACM - 11.81 About LACM , Mazatlan, Sinaloa, Mexico, intertidal to 6 m, 1 sh ; LACM 1934 About LACM - 257.10 About LACM , Braithwaite Bay , Socorro Island, Revillagigedo Islands, Mexico, 25 m, 1 sh ; LACM 1940 About LACM - 64.33 About LACM , San Carlos Bay , Guaymas, Sonora, Mexico, intertidal, 1 sh ; LACM 1973 About LACM - 6.48 About LACM , Juan Venado Island , Guaymas, Sonora, Mexico, intertidal, 5 sh ; LACM 1967 About LACM - 44.26 About LACM , Banda Point, Baja California, Mexico, 3–10 m, 15 sh ; LACM 1967 About LACM - 47.43 About LACM , Banda Point, Baja California, Mexico, 20–24 m, 100+ sh ; LACM 1967 About LACM - 48.16 About LACM , Banda Point, Baja California, Mexico, 13 m, 75 sh ; LACM 1968 About LACM - 14.29 About LACM , Estero Soldado, NW of Guaymas , Sonora, Mexico, intertidal to 3 m, 33 sh ; LACM 1967 About LACM - 1.51 About LACM , Santo Tomas Port, Baja California, Mexico, 3–8 m, 500+ sh ; LACM 1946 About LACM - 12.9 About LACM , Barra de Navidad , Jalisco, Mexico, intertidal, 1 sh ; LACM 1968 About LACM - 45.54 About LACM , Cuastecomate Bay , Jalisco, Mexico, 18–37 m, 3 sh ; LACM 1968 About LACM - 41.90 About LACM , Cuastecomate Bay , Jalisco, Mexico, 5–31 m, 2 sh ; LACM 1940 About LACM - 42.10 About LACM , San Felipe Bay , Baja California, Mexico, 5 m, 2 sh ; LACM 1967 About LACM - 60.40 About LACM , San Martin Island , Baja California, Mexico, 18 m, 100+ sh ; LACM 1969 About LACM - 14.30 About LACM , San Nicholas Island , California, 8–13 m, 24 sh ; LACM 1969 About LACM - 29.57 About LACM , San Clemente Island , Ventura Co., California, 20–27 m, 75 sh ; LACM 1969 About LACM - 31.54 About LACM , Santa Catalina Island , Los Angeles Co., California, 10–24 m, 75 sh ; LACM 1969 About LACM - 32.55 About LACM , Santa Cruz Island , Santa Barbara Co., California, 13–20 m, 100+ sh ; LACM 1971 About LACM - 98.36 About LACM , Coronado Islands , California, 22–24 m, 100+ sh ; LACM 1960 About LACM - 24.104 About LACM , off N end of San Jose Creek Beach, Monterey Co., California, 13–42 m, 80 sh ; LACM 1968 About LACM - 199.8 About LACM , off N end of Monastery Beach, Monterey Co., California , 13–17 m, 20 sh ; LACM 1968 About LACM - 37.37 About LACM , Avila Beach, San Luis Obispo Co., California , intertidal, 30 sh ; LACM 1972 About LACM - 97.37 About LACM , Santa Barbara Island , Santa Barbara Co., California, 10–23 m, 100+ sh ; LACM 1972 About LACM - 98.25 About LACM , Pt. Mugu, Ventura Co., California , 3–6 m, 8 sh ; LACM 1973 About LACM - 11.40 About LACM , Santa Cruz Island , Santa Barbara Co., California, 11–13 m, 100+ sh ; LACM 1936 About LACM - 41.2 About LACM , Coronado Islands , California, 7–13 m, 100+ sh ; LACM 1974 About LACM - 80.15 About LACM , Crescent Bay , Laguna Beach, Orange Co., California, 10 m, 75 sh ; LACM 1965 About LACM - 18.17 About LACM , Farnsworth Bank, Santa Catalina Island , California, 28–40 m, 20 sh ; LACM 1960 About LACM - 32.65 About LACM , Ensenada Carrizal, W of Guaymas , Sonora, Mexico, intertidal– 30 m, 4 sh ; LACM 1977 About LACM - 107.15 About LACM , Diablo Cove, San Luis Obispo Co., California , 9–12 m, 100+ sh ; LACM 1973 About LACM - 3.16 About LACM , Coyote Bay , Baja California Sur, Mexico, 9–22 m, 4 sh ; LACM 1965 About LACM - 12.45 About LACM , Maria Cleofas Island , Tres Marias Islands, Mexico, 5–10 m, 30 sh ; LACM 1968 About LACM - 18.19 About LACM , Banderas Bay , Jalisco, Mexico, intertidal, 10 sh ; LACM 1964 About LACM - 36.53 About LACM , San Carlos Bay , Guaymas, Sonora, Mexico, 3–6 m, 7 sh ; LACM 1962 About LACM - 22.36 About LACM , Cholla Bay , Port Penasco, Sonora, Mexico, intertidal, 23 sh ; LACM 1965 About LACM - 34.52 About LACM , Puertecitos, Baja California, Mexico, intertidal to 10 m, 66 sh ; LACM 1973 About LACM - 9.31 About LACM , Santa Rosa Island , Santa Barbara Co., California, 11–13 m, 100+ sh ; LACM 1980 About LACM - 67.14 About LACM , Anacapa Island , Ventura Co., California, 11–12 m, 40 sh ; LACM 1969 About LACM - 35.33 About LACM , Tanner Bank, Los Angeles Co., California , 33–40 m, 75 sh ; LACM 1982 About LACM - 59.55 About LACM , San Miguel Island , Santa Barbara Co., California, 9–14 m, 100+ sh ; LACM 1982 About LACM - 59.32 About LACM , San Miguel Island , Santa Barbara Co., California, 23–27 m, 100+ sh ; LACM 1972 About LACM - 101.36 About LACM , San Nicolas Island , Ventura Co., California, 23 m, 50 sh ; LACM 1972 About LACM - 100.32 About LACM , San Nicolas Island , Ventura Co., California, 13 m, 100+ sh ; LACM 1972 About LACM - 99.40 About LACM , San Nicolas Island , Ventura Co., California, 23–33 m, 75 sh ; LACM 1966 About LACM - 12.51 About LACM , Cape San Lucas, Baja California Sur, Mexico, 8–35 m, 1 sh ; LACM 1966 About LACM - 16.35 About LACM , El Tule, Canelo Bay , Baja California Sur, Mexico, intertidal, 14 sh ; LACM 1965 About LACM - 82.7 About LACM , Cerralvo Island , Baja California Sur, Mexico, 9 m, 1 sh ; LACM 1966 About LACM - 19.66 About LACM , Pulmo Bay , Baja California Sur, Mexico, 2–7 m, 34 sh ; LACM 1937 About LACM - 181.5 About LACM , Carmen Island , Baja California Sur, Mexico, 15 m, 33 sh . SBMNH: SBMNH 214940 About SBMNH , Isla Maria Madre, SE Cabo Alto, Nayarit, Mexico, 15–20 m, 2 sh ; SBMNH 452454 About SBMNH , Playa Tamarindo, Guanacaste, Costa Rica, 5–15 m, 1 sh ; SBMNH 620161 About SBMNH , Punta la Gringa , Bahia de los Angeles, Baja California [Norte], Mexico, 20–40 m, 12 sh ; SBMNH 620477 About SBMNH , Bahia Ballena , Puntarenas, Costa Rica, 10–25 m, 2 sh ; SBMNH 141299 About SBMNH , Forney’s Point, Santa Barbara County, California, USA, intertidal, 26 sh ; SBMNH 622336 About SBMNH , Isla Salango, N side, Manabi, Ecuador, 8 m, 1 sh ; SBMNH 620160 About SBMNH , Cabo Tepoca, Sonora, Mexico, 20–30 m, 25 sh ; SBMNH 215008 About SBMNH , Point Loma, San Diego County, California, USA, 33 m, 3 sh ; SBMNH 622325 About SBMNH , Isla Venado, Panama Prov., Panama, intertidal, 5 sh ; SBMNH 349188 About SBMNH , Forney’s Cove, Santa Barbara County, California, USA, 8 m, 5 sh ; SBMNH 349193 About SBMNH , Lions Rock, San Luis Obispo County, California, USA, 28 m, 2 sh ; SBMNH 149033 About SBMNH , Punta Ancon, Guayas, Ecuador, intertidal, 250 sh ; SBMNH 620584 About SBMNH , Bahia Cuastecomate , Jalisco, Mexico, 10–15 m, 4 sh ; SBMNH 214945 About SBMNH , Punta Penasco, Sonora, Mexico, intertidal, 5 sh ; SBMNH 214992 About SBMNH , Bahia El Dorado , Manzanillo, Colima, Mexico, 10–25 m, 11 sh ; SBMNH 215017 About SBMNH , Isla Candelero, Sonora, Mexico, 22 m, 50 sh ; SBMNH 132344 About SBMNH , Bahia de los Angeles, Baja California [Norte], Mexico, 11–31 m, 1 sh ; SBMNH 132337 About SBMNH , Bahia de los Angeles, Baja California [Norte], Mexico, 11–31 m, 2 sh ; SBMNH 133574 About SBMNH , Ship Rock, Los Angeles County, California, USA, 21 m, 4 sh ; SBMNH 133573 About SBMNH , Ship Rock, Los Angeles County, California, USA, 21 m, 27 sh ; SBMNH 133395 About SBMNH , Santa Barbara Island , Santa Barbara County, California, USA, 8 sh ; SBMNH 133394 About SBMNH , Santa Barbara Island , Santa Barbara County, California, USA, 7 sh ; SBMNH 119736 About SBMNH , Punta Colorado, Sonora, Mexico, intertidal, 45 sh ; SBMNH 119737 About SBMNH , Punta Colorado, Sonora, Mexico, intertidal, 35 sh ; SBMNH 101290 About SBMNH , Del Monte, Monterey County, California, USA, 22 m, 1 sh ; SBMNH 215025 About SBMNH , Del Monte, Monterey County, California, USA, 22 m, 12 sh ; SBMNH 215024 About SBMNH , Coronado, San Diego County, California, USA, 27 m, 21 sh ; SBMNH 214994 About SBMNH , Playa Cochorit, Sonora, Mexico, intertidal, 1 sh ; SBMNH 102422 About SBMNH , Point Vicente, Los Angeles County, California, USA, 22 m, 7 sh ; SBMNH 214999 About SBMNH , Laguna Beach, Orange County, California, USA, 12 sh ; SBMNH 103090 About SBMNH , Avalon, Los Angeles County, California, USA, 72 m, 2 sh ; SBMNH 101984 About SBMNH , San Diego, San Diego County, California, USA, 1 sh ; SBMNH 215020 About SBMNH , Playa Cochorit, Sonora, Mexico, intertidal, 1 sh ; SBMNH 452379 About SBMNH , Isla San Jorge [ Bird Island ], Sonora, Mexico, 10–25 m, 1 sh ; SBMNH 452380 About SBMNH , El Submarino, Sonora, Mexico, 10 m, 1 sh ; SBMNH 452381 About SBMNH , Punta Arena, Baja California Sur, Mexico, 17–33 m, 8 sh ; SBMNH 452382 About SBMNH , Bahia Santiago , Colima, Mexico, 27–40 m, 1 sh ; SBMNH 452383 About SBMNH , La Puntilla, Salinas, Guayas, Ecuador, intertidal, 20 sh ; SBMNH 15747 About SBMNH , Bahia Topolobampo , Sinaloa, Mexico, intertidal, 4 sh ; SBMNH 619729 About SBMNH , Playa Cochorit, Sonora, Mexico, intertidal, 3 sh ; SBMNH 128131 About SBMNH , Isla Lobos, Mazatlan, Sinaloa, Mexico, intertidal, 6 sh ; SBMNH 619730 About SBMNH , Isla Cleopha, Nayarit, Mexico, 12–15 m, 2 sh ; SBMNH 620171 About SBMNH , Tisate, Bahia Banderas , Jalisco, Mexico, intertidal, 3 sh ; SBMNH 131982 About SBMNH , Point Loma, San Diego County, California, USA, 33 m, 3 sh ; SBMNH 620185 About SBMNH , Bahia de los Angeles, Baja California [Norte], Mexico, intertidal, 12 sh ; SBMNH 124370 About SBMNH , Chester Rocks, 12.5 mi E of, Bahia Sebastian Vizcaino , Baja California [Norte], Mexico, 33 m, 1 sh ; SBMNH 115262 About SBMNH , Isla Coronado Sur, Baja California [Norte], Mexico, 14–18 m, 12 sh ; SBMNH 123196 About SBMNH , Bahia Sebastian Vizcaino , Baja California [Norte], Mexico, 35 m, 8 sh ; SBMNH 128586 About SBMNH , Isla San Marcos, Baja California Sur, Mexico, 9–12 m, 8 sh ; SBMNH 620293 About SBMNH , Bahia San Carlos , Sonora, Mexico, 31 m, 8 sh ; SBMNH 620294 About SBMNH , Estero Morua, Sonora, Mexico, intertidal, 40 sh ; SBMNH 620295 About SBMNH , Laguna Beach, Orange County, California, USA, intertidal, 6 sh ; SBMNH 124933 About SBMNH , Punta San Carlos, 4 mi SW of, Baja California [Norte], Mexico, 25 m, 1 sh ; SBMNH 620459 About SBMNH , Isla Maria Cleofas, Nayarit, Mexico, 12–15 m, 1 sh ; SBMNH 620460 About SBMNH , Playa Arenosa, Sonora, Mexico, intertidal, 8 sh ; SBMNH 620461 About SBMNH , Ensenada San Francisco, Sonora, Mexico, 1 sh ; SBMNH 620462 About SBMNH , Punta Mita, Nayarit, Mexico, intertidal, 1 sh ; SBMNH 620463 About SBMNH , Bahia San Carlos , San Carlos Nuevo Guaymas, Sonora, Mexico, 10–25 m, 20 sh ; SBMNH 620464 About SBMNH , Playa Venado, Panama Prov., Panama, 2 sh ; SBMNH 620583 About SBMNH , Estero Morua, Sonora, Mexico, intertidal, 6 sh ; SBMNH 620763 About SBMNH , Isla del Canal de Afuera , Montijo District, Veraguas, Panama, 10–25 m, 4 sh ; SBMNH 620859 About SBMNH , Bahia Bocochibampo , Sonora, Mexico, 15–17 m, 7 sh ; SBMNH 116332 About SBMNH , Isla Asuncion, Baja California Sur, Mexico, 12 m, 5 sh ; SBMNH 621301 About SBMNH , Punta Mita, Nayarit, Mexico, intertidal, 7 sh ; SBMNH 621312 About SBMNH , Point Loma, San Diego County, California, USA, 30–40 m, 5 sh ; SBMNH 621415 About SBMNH , Playa Cochorit, Sonora, Mexico, 6 sh ; SBMNH 132633 About SBMNH , Caleta Lalo, Sonora, Mexico, intertidal, 3 sh ; SBMNH 622354 About SBMNH , Punta San Felipe, San Felipe, Baja California [Norte], Mexico, intertidal, 20 sh. BCD: Marua Estero, SE of Penasco Point , Sonora, Mexico, intertidal, 13 sh ; San Carlos Bay , Guaymas, Sonora, Mexico, 32 m, 8 sh ; Cholla Bay , Penasco Point, Sonora, Mexico, intertidal, 10 sh ; Escondido Bay , Baja California, Mexico, 22 m, 1 sh ; Piedras Blancas , Nayarit, Mexico, 18 m, 5 sh ; Puertecitos, Baja California, Mexico, intertidal, 6 sh .

Original diagnosis. “ C. (Anellum) t. parva, curta, solida, annulis quadratis xii. –xx. cincta; interstitiis profundis, quadratis; apertura subcontracta, annulis concurrentibus; septo mucronato, margine laterali concavo, mucrone parvo, extante, angusta, subdextrorsum sita: operculo valde concavo, anfr. circiter x. linea spirali expressa.” Carpenter (1857: 322).

Description. Protoconch multispiral (about 2.0 whorls), planispiral, smooth ( Fig. 40A View FIGURE 40 ), transition to teleoconch I marked by well-defined apertural varix ( Fig. 40A View FIGURE 40 ). Teleoconch I short, with bands of reticular sculpture ( Fig. 40B View FIGURE 40 ), transition to teleoconch II marked by change in sculpture ( Figs. 40A, D View FIGURE 40 ). Teleoconch II about same length as teleoconch I, with irregular longitudinal sculpture, crossed by low axial annuli ( Fig. 40C View FIGURE 40 ), transition to teleoconch III marked by change in sculpture ( Fig. 40D View FIGURE 40 ). Teleoconch III sculptured with axial annuli, with short longitudinal striae between ( Fig. 40E View FIGURE 40 ), transition to teleoconch IV marked by incised line immediately followed by change in sculpture ( Figs. 40D, G View FIGURE 40 ). Teleoconch IV sculptured with axial annuli, crossed by short longitudinal striae; transition to teleoconch V marked by suture, immediately followed by change in sculpture ( Fig. 40G View FIGURE 40 ). Teleoconch V (last growth stage) average size for genus [Tol 2.12–2.35 mm], tubular, rather thick, stout, moderately and regularly arched [Larc: 0.61–0.70 mm; Arc: 0.20–0.24 mm], subcylindrical with slight increase in diameter from posterior to aperture, cream to light tan ( Fig. 39A View FIGURE 39 ). Axial sculpture of 16–24 angulate or squarish distally spaced axial ribs; ( Fig. 40I View FIGURE 40 ), except last 3–4 preceding aperture, which are more close-set ( Fig. 40I View FIGURE 40 ). Axial interspaces rather deep, as wide as ribs, except last 3–4 preceding aperture, which become narrower ( Fig. 40I View FIGURE 40 ). Surface sculptured with longitudinal striae and axial ribs ( Figs. 40 View FIGURE 40 H–I). Striae more pronounced in interspaces ( Fig. 40H View FIGURE 40 ). Posterior [Dpe: 0.41–0.48 mm] with thick edge, squared shoulder ( Fig. 40I View FIGURE 40 ). Septum mucronate, somewhat recessed. Mucro with low rounded point, positioned along dorsal margin ( Fig. 39B View FIGURE 39 ). Aperture [Da: 0.59–0.69 mm]with weak to moderate sulcus prior to 3–4 close-set axial ribs, last 1–2 sharply reduced in width on ventral side ( Fig. 39I View FIGURE 39 ). Lip smooth, with deflected peristome ( Fig. 39B View FIGURE 39 ). Periostracum thin, light tan. Operculum thin, light brown; exterior surface with 7–9 concentric rings ( Figs. 39 View FIGURE 39 C–D). Conceptual reconstruction of growth stages shown in Fig. 41A View FIGURE 41 .

Distribution and Habitat. From Farallon Islands, California to Colima, Mexico, including the Gulf of California. Intertidal, down to 72 m. Abundant subtidally on coarse sand and gravel substrates.

Remarks. The type material of Caecum quadratum (NHMUK 1857.6.4.1529) is comprised of four adults and three subadults. The most similar congener is C. firmatum , and the two can be confused, especially when specimens are worn. As previously stated, both species are quite variable.

A comparison of the type material from both Caecum quadratum ( Fig. 39E View FIGURE 39 ) and C. compactum (NHMUK 1857.6.4.1530, Fig. 39F View FIGURE 39 ) has proven them to be conspecifics. Lightfoot (1993a) considered C. dalli Bartsch, 1920 ( Fig. 39G View FIGURE 39 ) and C. richthofeni Strong & Hertlein, 1939 to be synonyms of C. quadratum , although she did have some reservations about C. richthofeni . After comparing the type material of each, Lightfoot’s position on C. dalli has been confirmed. However, C. richthofeni is actually a junior synonym of another species, which is discussed later.

SBMNH

Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Mollusca

Class

Gastropoda

Order

Littorinimorpha

Family

Caecidae

Genus

Caecum

Loc

Caecum quadratum Carpenter, 1857

Raines, Bret K. 2020
2020
Loc

Caecum dalli

McLean, J. H. 1978: 29
1978
Loc

Caecum dalli

Bartsch, P. 1920: 568
1920
Loc

Caecum grippi

Bartsch, P. 1920: 568
1920
Loc

Caecum licalum

Bartsch, P. 1920: 568
1920
Loc

Caecum diegense

Bartsch, P. 1920: 568
1920
Loc

Caecum compactum

Lightfoot, J. 1993: 16
Keen, A. M. 1971: 397
Keen, A. M. 1968: 418
Tryon, G. W. 1886: 217
1886
Loc

Caecum quadratum

Raines, B. K. 2019: 98
Finet, Y. & Tirado-Sanchez, N. & Chiriboga, A. & Ruiz, D. & Banks, S. 2016: 28
Kaiser, K. L. 1997: 29
Lightfoot, J. 1993: 15
Skoglund, C. 1992: 28
Shasky, D. R. 1984: 27
Hertz, J. 1979: 2
Keen, A. M. 1971: 397
Keen, A. M. 1968: 419
Palmer, K. V. W. 1951: 43
Tryon, G. W. 1886: 217
Carpenter, P. P. 1860: 32
1860
Loc

Caecum (Anellum) quadratum

Carpenter, P. P. 1858: 428
1858
Loc

Caecum (Anellum) quadratum

Carpenter, P. P. 1857: 322
1857
Loc

Caecum (Anellum) compactum

Carpenter, P. P. 1857: 322
1857
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