Compsoneuria Eaton, 1881

Sartori, Michel, 2014, The concept of Compsoneuria Eaton, 1881 revisited in light of historical and new material from the Sunda Islands (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae: Ecdyonurinae), Zootaxa 3835 (1), pp. 1-32 : 4

Compsoneuria Eaton, 1881

Compsoneuria Eaton, 1881 , Ent. Mon. Mag. 18: p.23

Compsoneuria Eaton, 1885 , Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 2: p. 275, plates 23 and 24 (42)

Compsoneuria Ulmer, 1924 , Treubia 6: p. 86, figures 53A, 55–58 (pro parte non female in figures 53B and 54)

Compsoneuria Ulmer 1939 , Arch Hydrobiol. Suppl. 16: p. 562 (pro parte)

nec Compsoneuria Braasch & Soldán 1986 Reichenbachia 24: p. 59 et auct seq.

Diagnosis. Imago. Forewing ( Figs 1 , 22 ) crossveins generally reduced in number, comprised between 45 –65, trimmed with violet or brown especially in the costal and subcostal fields. Costal and subcostal fields with few crossveins (<12), at least two rows of crossveins in the radial field and one crossing the radial-median fields. Male foreleg with first tarsal segment reduced in length, ca 4 times shorter than the second one ( Figs 3, 4 ). Styliger plate straight or slightly convex, last two segments of the gonopods subequal in length ( Figs 6 , 23 ). Male genitalia with inner median titillators, penis lobes with apical, subapical and basal spines; lateral sclerite broad and basal sclerite weakly developed ( Figs 7 , 24 ).

Nymph. Head unicolorous, not thickened, with sometimes lateral markings but without whitish spots on the fore margin ( Figs 79–80 ). Distal dentisetae on maxillae with inner one entire and outer one fringed ( Figs 43–44 ). Scattered setae on the maxillae fimbriate ( Figs 45–46 ). Labial glossae rhomboid with outer margin convex ( Fig. 12 ). Supracoxal spurs present but rounded or bluntly developed ( Figs 79–80 ). Spines on the upper face of femora rounded or truncate ( Figs 14 , 62 ). Inner margin of femora without long and thin setae ( Figs 13 , 61 ). Gills generally tinted with greyish-purple ( Figs 16-18 , 79–80 ). All gills with fibrillous and plate like structures, except gill VII only plate-like. Hind tibiae with two rows of fine setae ( Figs 13, 15 , 61 ). Tarsal claw with 3-4 subapical teeth. Caudal filaments with whorls of spine like setae on each segment, without long and thin setae.

Eggs. Chorion covered by polygonal ridges; one pole with KCT’s larger than those in equatorial area; micropyle with double margin ( Figs 20–21 ).

Species included.

Compsoneuria spectabilis Eaton, 1881 (imagos, nymphs): Java, Sumatra

Compsoneuria lieftincki ( Ulmer, 1939) (imagos): Java

Discussion. At the imaginal stage, the combination of the forewing crossveins, the male foretarsi proportions and genitalia will distinguish the genus from all its relatives. At the nymphal stage, Compsoneuria is distinguished from its relatives by the shape of the supracoxal spurs, by the presence of two rows of setae on the hind tibiae, by the shape of the outer distal dentiseta, and by the shape and coloration of the gills. Using the key provided by Webb & McCafferty (2008), Compsoneuria will key out at couplet 15 leading to “ Afronurus in part”.

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 7. Compsoneuria spectabilis Eaton, male imago. Fig. 1: Forewing; Fig. 2: Hindwing; Fig. 3: Foreleg; Figs 4 – 5: Fore- and hindlegs of a 1919 specimen mounted on slide by Ulmer; Fig. 6: Genitalia; Fig. 7: Penis structure in ventral (left) and dorsal (right) view. Abbreviations: as: apical sclerite; ass: spine on the apical sclerite; bss: basal sclerite spine; ls: lateral sclerite; sas: subapical spine; tit: titillator

FIGURES 22 – 24. Compsoneuria lieftincki (Ulmer), male imago. Fig. 22: Forewing; Fig. 23: Genitalia; Fig. 24: Penis structure in ventral (left) and dorsal (right) view.

FIGURES 79–82. General overview of the nymphs, with emphasize on their supracoxal spurs (midleg). Fig. 79: Compsoneuria spectabilis; Fig. 80: Compsoneuria sp. from Sulawesi; Fig. 81: Compsoneuriella thienemanni; Fig. 82: Compsoneuriella tagbanua.

FIGURES 43 – 47. Nymphal maxillae details of Compsoneuria spectabilis. Fig. 43: SEM view of the dentisetae, proximal dentiseta in red, distal dentisetae in yellow, with first one fimbriate; Fig 44: Same view in optical microscope; Fig. 45: SEM view of fimbriate scattered setae on the ventral face of the galea; Fig. 46: Same view in optical microscope; Fig. 47: SEM view of the comb-shape setae on the crown of the galea; abbreviations: dp: proximal dentiseta, dd 1, first distal dentiseta, dd 2 second distal dentiseta.

FIGURES 8 – 12. Compsoneuria spectabilis, nymphal mouthparts. Fig. 8: Labrum, with structure on the dorsal face (left) and ventral face (right); Fig. 9: Right mandible; Fig. 10: Left mandible; a: general view, b: details of the incisors; Fig. 11: Hypopharynx (left side); Fig. 12: Labium (left side).

FIGURES 13 – 19. Compsoneuria spectabilis, thoracic and abdominal parts. Fig. 13: Hind leg; Fig. 14: Bristles on the upper face of hind femora; Fig. 15: Schematic cross section of the tibia and the respective position of the two rows of setae; Fig. 16: Gill I (only the plate drawn); Fig. 17: Gill V (only the plate drawn); Fig. 18: Gill VII; Fig. 19: Posterior margin of tergite IV.

FIGURES 60 – 67. Nymphal leg structures of Compsoneuria spectabilis (Figs 60 - 63) and Compsoneuriella thienemanni (Figs 64 - 67) with SEM. Figs 60 and 64: Dorsal view of the hind leg; Figs 61 and 65: Detail view of the posterior margin of the hind femur and the hind tibia; Figs 62 and 66: Bristle on the upper face of femora; Figs 63 and 67: Tarsal claw.

FIGURES 20 – 21. SEM pictures of eggs extracted from a female imago (Fig. 20) and from mature nymph (Fig. 21) of Compsoneuria spectabilis. Fig. 20: Female imago from Java, Buitenzorg, XI. 1919, Karny leg; Fig. 21: Female nymph (UN 4) from Sumatra, Ombilin River, Talawi, 8. XI. 2011, Balke leg.; a: egg in toto; b: detail of the pole; c: micropyle and detail of the chorionic structure.