Syntomodrillia cookei (E. A. Smith, 1888)

Fallon, Phillip J., 2016, Taxonomic review of tropical western Atlantic shallow water Drilliidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Conoidea) including descriptions of 100 new species, Zootaxa 4090 (1), pp. 1-363 : 322-323

Syntomodrillia cookei (E. A. Smith, 1888) , new combination

( Plate 166 )

Pleurotoma (Drillia) cookei E.A. Smith, 1888: 308 .

Leptadrillia cookei (E.A. Smith, 1888) : Sander & Lalli (1982: 317).

Not this species or unconfirmed extralimital reports.

Leptodrillia [sic] cookei auct. non (E.A. Smith, 1888) is a possible misidentification by Jong & Coomans (1988: 113, pl. 44, fig. 602). [These authors synonymized Leptadrillia splendida Bartsch, 1934 with L. cookei ; which is not supported in this work; however, their figure of the latter cannot be confirmed as either species.]

Leptadrillia cookei (E.A. Smith, 1888) : Rios (1983); Rios (1985: 140, pl. 48, fig. 648 [ Brazil]); Turgeon et al. (1988 [ USA]); Odé (1991: 26 [Texas-Louisiana]); Rios (1994: 161, pl. 53, fig. 721 [ Brazil]); Turgeon et al. (1998 [ USA]); Williams (2005, 2006, 2009: species 1575 [left photo= L. splendida , right photo=undescribed Brazilian species]); García (2007a: 8 [Campeche Bank, Mexico]); Rios (2009: 311, sp. 789 [photo not of this species]).

Type material. Five syntypes are in NHMUK 1874.1.19.120. The types were not examined; however, high quality photographs supplied by the NHMUK were used to represent the species. No lectotype has been designated to the best of this writer’s knowledge (although a red paint dot appears on one of the specimens that may denote the type specimen), and none is designated here because all five syntypes appear similar, no single specimen stands out exceptionally better than the other. The following measurements were made from the scale bar on the supplied images: image 3762: 5.7 x 2.0 mm, image 3764: 5.2 x 2.0 mm, image 3767: 5.7 x 2.0 mm, image 3769: 6.1 x 2.1 mm, & image 3771: 5.3 x 1.8 mm. Images are reproduced in Pl. 166, Figs. 1 –5.

Type locality. Jamaica.

Material examined. A total of 94 of the examined specimens are listed here: Puerto Rico: 1 spec., 5.9 x 2.2 mm, in 120–160 fms [219–293 m], Caroline Sta. 10, off Morro Castle Light, off Cabras Island, 2 Feb 1933 (Bartsch, 1933: 4) (USNM 429752). US Virgin Is.: 2 spec., 6.1 x 2.4 & 7.6 x 2.8 mm, Altona Bay, St. Croix, ex Nowell-Usticke coll. (AMNH 192601). Guadeloupe: 1 spec., 6.6 x 2.5 mm, in 66 m, KARUBENTHOS 2012 Sta. GD35, Grand Cul-de-Sac Marin, Guadeloupe, 16°22.8'N, 61°34.2'W, 17 May 2013 (MNHN IM-2012-28023); 1 spec., 6.1 x 2.3 mm, in 95 m, KARUBENTHOS 2012 Sta. GD58, behind Ilet Fajou, Grand Cul-de-Sac Marin, Guadeloupe, 16°22.7'N, 61°35.0'W, 25 May 2012 (MNHN IM-2013-28024). St. Vincent and the Grenadines: 12 spec., 5.3 x 2.1, 5.7 x 2.3, 6.0 x 2.3, 5.8 x 2.3 mm (ANSP 464957), 6.2 x 2.3, 6.3 x 2.3 mm (USNM 1291368), 5.8 x 2.2, 5.9 x 2.2, 5.7 x 2.2, 5.8 x 2.2, 6.0 x 2.3 & 6.0 x 2.3 mm (BMSM 14999), in 26 m, Young I., St. Vincent, SVG, G. Mackintosh! 23 May 1997; 3 spec., 5.8 x 2.3, 6.0 x 2.2 & 6.1 x 2.3 mm, in 26 m on fine sand among algae, Young I., G. Mackintosh! May 1997 (arthor’s coll.); 5 spec., 8.0 x 2.8, 7.6 x 2.7, 7.5 x 2.8, 7.0 x 2.6 & 7.0 x 2.5 mm, in 17 m, W end of Quatre I., SVG, G. Mackintosh! 21 Jul 2005 (UF 470348); 1 spec., 7.4 x 2.5 mm, in 17 m, W end of Quatre I., SVG, G. Mackintosh! 3 Jul 2005 (author’s coll.); 1 spec., 7.4 x 2.6 mm, in 3 m, Quatre I., SVG, G. Mackintosh! 9–11 Jul 2004 (author’s coll.); 1 spec., 7.4 x 2.6 mm, in 14 m, Quatre I., SVG, G. Mackintosh! 20 Aug 2000 (author’s coll.); 2 spec., 7.1 x 2.7 & 7.6 x 2.8 mm, Quatre I., SVG, G. Mackintosh! 20 Aug 2000 (author’s coll.); 42 spec., 7.0 x 2.5, 8.4 x 2.9, 7.9 x 2.8, 8.0 x 2.8, 7.3 x 2.6, 7.5 x 2.8, 7.5 x 2.7, 6.7 x 2.6, 7.1 x 2.5 & 7.9 x 2.8 mm (MZSP 122077), 8.0 x 2.9, 8.1 x 2.9, 8.2 x 3.0, 8.3 x 2.9, 7.7 x 2.9, 7.6 x 2.8, 8.0 x 2.9, 7.8 x 2.7, 6.8 x 2.6, 7.6 x 2.8, 7.7 x 2.9, 7.7 x 2.6, 7.5 x 2.7, 6.8 x 2.3, 7.7 x 2.8, 7.1 x 2.7, 7.7 x 2.7, 7.7 x 2.8, 6.7 x 2.4, 8.3 x 2.9, 7.0 x 2.6, 7.1 x 2.5, 8.2 x 2.9, 7.2 x 2.8, 7.5 x 2.6, 6.3 x 2.4, 6.2 x 2.4, 7.2 x 2.4, 7.1 x 2.4, 6.3 x 2.3, 7.3 x 2.6 & 7.8 x 2.9 mm (author’s coll.), in 15 m, W end of Quatre I, SVG, G. Mackintosh!, 1 Aug 2004; 3 spec., 7.3 x 2.5, 8.0 x 2.6 & 8.2 x 2.7 mm, in 24 m, W of Admiralty Bay, Bequia I., SVG, G. Mackintosh! 20 Jul 2005 (UF 470349). Barbados: 1 spec. 8.0 x 2.9 mm, in 155–174 m, off Holetown, Barbados, 13°10'52''N, 059°38'30''W, F. Sander! (ANSP 465001). Netherlands Antilles: 2 spec., 6.5 x 2.5 & 6.2 x 2.4 mm, in 244–274 m, Sta. 13-04 off Sea Aquarium, Bapor Kibra, Willemstad, Curaçao, 12°04'59.51"N, 68°53'56.61"W, C. Baldwin! aboard submersible Curasub , 8 Feb 2013 (USNM 1231394); 5 spec., 6.5 x 2.3, 7.1 x 2.6, 7.2 x2.9, 7.8 x 2.7 & 6.1 x 2.5 mm, in 280 m, Sta. 3, off Sea Aquarium, Bapor Kibra, Willemstad, Curaçao, 12°04.87'N, 68°53.75'W, M.G. Harasewych! aboard submersible Curasub , 24 May 2012 (USNM 1199831). French Guiana: 3 spec., 5.9 x 2.3, 5.9 x 2.3 & 6.1 x 2.4 mm, in 94 m, GUYANE 2014 Sta. DW4359, 06°52.2'N, 53°02.6'W, 30 Jul 2014 (MNHN IM-2012-43467); 3 spec., 5.1 x 2.4, 6.8 x 2.5 & 7.0 x 2.7 mm, in 145 m, GUYANE 2014 Sta. DW4360, 06°56'N, 53°03'W, 31 Jul 2014 (MNHN not cataloged); 2 spec., 7.9 x 2.9 & 7.0 x 2.6 mm, in 130–131 m, GUYANE 2014 Sta. CP4379, 06°33'N, 52°28'W, 4 Aug 2014 (MNHN not cataloged); 1 spec., 4.9 x 2.1 mm, in 95–97 m, GUYANE 2014 Sta. CP4402, 06°18'N, 52°13.3'W, 8 Aug 2014 (MNHN not cataloged); 2 spec., 7.2 x 2.6 & 3.5 x 1.7 mm, GUYANE 2014 Sta. CP4402, 06°18'N, 52°13.3'W, 8 Aug 2014 (MNHN not cataloged).

Range and habitat. Jamaica; Puerto Rico; Guadeloupe; SVG (Young I., St. Vincent I.; Bequia I.; Quatre I.); Barbados; Netherlands Antilles ( Curaçao); French Guiana. Reported depths are 3– 293 m.

Description. Shell very small (to 8.4 mm in total length), narrowly fusiform, translucent; whorls moderately convex with peripheries a little below mid-whorl, suture appressed, scalloped by ribs of preceding whorl; up to 8½ whorls, last whorl largest, approximately 58% of total length; aperture short, anterior canal moderately long. Protoconch of 1¾–2 round whorls, smooth, translucent, the first half whorl impressed in the second. Axial sculpture of narrow slightly opisthocline ribs that run suture-to-suture on spire whorls, to the anterior fasciole on last, number 8–12 on penultimate and 6–8 on last whorl; rib crests round, ridged in sulcal region where they are lower, narrower, and recurved. Distance between most ribs greater than their width. Microscopic growth striae present, coarsest on outer lip. Varix larger and wider than adjacent ribs, straight, not opisthocline, about ⅓-turn from the outer lip. Spiral sculpture of faint lines between ribs (absent on rib crests and on whorl shoulders); most visible on body whorl, especially on outer lip and present on lower portion of as many as the last 4 whorls. Lines may be almost imperceptible on some specimens. 5–7 spiral threads are present on anterior fasciole. Sulcus absent; lower, narrower, and recurved ribs, and absence of spiral lines near suture mark past positions of the anal sinus. Outer lip thin, somewhat flattened from the varix outward strengthened by 1–2 axial folds, one near lip edge, another close behind; edge of lip tracing an arc from anal sinus to the end of the anterior canal, ruffled over a shallow stromboid notch, and flexed outward along the margin of the anterior canal. Anal sinus deep, U-shaped, sides slightly divergent; inner sinal edge flared; offset from the whorl’s shoulder spout-like by the parietal lobe. Inner lip margined, erect and thickened anteriorly, recumbent on parietal wall and swollen into a low callus posteriorly. Anterior canal moderately long, open, curved to the right when viewed ventrally; tip notched; fasciole not swollen. Color white, light pink, light orange-brown, or lavender; proto and early teleoconch whorls and varix light orange-brown.

Remarks. Taxonomy. Syntomodrillia cookei (E.A. Smith, 1888) has a glossy shell with ribs suture-to-suture, very fine spiral lines between ribs, most visible on the last whorl, especially on the outer lip, a moderately long canal, and relatively short open aperture, all characteristics of Syntomodrillia . The genus Leptadrillia lacks the spiral grooves between ribs and has a long anterior canal. Variability: the average total length of 113 measured specimens (not all are included in Material Examined above; excluding syntypes, which were sized from the scale bar) is 6.95 mm (3.3–8.4 mm) and average W/L is 0.370. Identification. Syntomodrillia cookei is similar to S. portoricana , new name, S. hesperia , new species, S. woodringi Bartsch, 1934 , S. harasewychi , new species, S. carolinae Bartsch, 1934 , S. curacaoensis , new species, S. pusilla , new species, and S. floridana , new species. From S. portoricana it differs in having narrower, oblique ribs, a translucent shell, and a pink to lavender color. From S. hesperia it differs in possessing a more curved anterior canal, a different protoconch size (1¾, not 1½ whorls), and whorl peripheries at mid-whorl, not below. From S. woodringi it differs in having weak, not strong intercostal grooves, a smaller protoconch size (1¾, not 2¼–2½ whorls), and more convex whorls. From S. harasewychi it differs in having weak, not strong intercostal grooves, and more convex whorls, and a smaller protoconch size (1¾, not 2 whorls). From S. carolinae it differs in possessing weaker spirals, a smaller protoconch size (1¾, not 2–2¼ whorls), and a straighter anterior canal. From S. curacaoensis it differs in possessing a slightly smaller protoconch (1¾, not 2 whorls), a more inflated last whorl and shorter anterior canal. From S. pusilla it differ in being larger (5.2–8.3 versus 5.1 mm), possessing weaker intercostal grooves, and a larger protoconch (1¾, not 1½ whorls). From S. floridana it differs in possessing more convex whorls, a smaller protoconch (1¾, not 2 whorls), and fewer ribs on the penultimate whorl (8–10 versus 12).

Figures

Fig. 1: ventral, lateral & dorsal views; Fig. 2: enlarged view of protoconch (not to scale); Fig. 3: apical view, V = varix, L = edge of outer lip.

PLATE 166. Syntomodrillia cookei (E. A. Smith, 1888). Upper 2 panels. Figs. 1 – 5: paired images of the 5 syntypes (NHMUK 1874.1.19.120); courtesy NHMUK. Fig. 1: image 3762, ventral and lateral views; Figs. 2 – 5: images 3764, 3767, 3769 & 3771, respectively. Lower panel. Fig. 6: syntype, same specimen as Fig. 1 for size comparison; Figs. 7 – 10: Young I., St. Vincent, SVG (ANSP 464957); Figs. 11 – 12: Grand Cul-de-Sac Marin, Guadeloupe (MNHN IM- 2012 - 28024 & 23, respectively); Figs. 13 – 14: Young I., St. Vincent, SVG (USNM 1291368); Fig. 15: Quatre I., SVG (author’s coll.); Figs. 16 – 17: Altona Bay, St. Croix (AMNH 192601); Figs. 19 – 20: W end of Quatre I., SVG (MZSP 122077); Figs. 21 – 22: GUYANE 2014 Sta. CP 4379, off French Guiana (MNHN not cataloged); Figs. 23 – 25: GUYANE 2014 Sta. DW 4359, off French Guiana (MNHN IM- 2012 - 43467); Fig. 26: GUYANE 2014 Sta. CP 4402, off French Guiana (MNHN not cataloged); Figs. 27 – 28: Quatre I., SVG (UF 470348); Fig. 29: W end of Quatre I., SVG (P. Stahlschmidt coll.); Figs 30 – 34: W end of Quatre I., SVG (author’s coll.); Fig. 35: W of Admiralty Bay, Bequia I., SVG (UF 470349).