Galatheanthemum profundale Carlgren, 1956

Rodríguez, Estefanía & López-González, Pablo J., 2013, <strong> New records of Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic sea anemones (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Actiniaria and Corallimorpharia) from the Weddell Sea, Antarctic Peninsula, and Scotia Arc </ strong>, Zootaxa 3624 (1), pp. 1-100 : 59-63

Galatheanthemum profundale Carlgren, 1956

( Figs. 27 , 33–34 ; Table 13; Appx. 1, 2)

Galatheanthemum profundale Carlgren, 1956 ; Dunn 1983; Cairns et al. 2007.

MATERIAL EXAMINED

Polarstern ANT XIX/4 : stn. PS61/134-3 (AMNH-4204, 2 specimens, 6 empty tubes; BEIM: ANT-4020, 2 specimens; AMNH-4067, 1 specimen, 5 empty tubes); stn. PS61/137-3 ( BEIM: ANT-4203, 1 specimen, 11 empty tubes); stn. PS61/138-4 ( BEIM: ANT-4202, 4 specimens, 4 empty tubes) .

Polarstern ANT XXII/3 : stn. PS67/059-10 ( BEIM: ANT-3433, 1 specimen) ; stn. PS67/088-11 ( BEIM: ANT- 3459, 1 specimen; BEIM: ANT-3460, 1 empty tube); stn. PS67/094-11 ( BEIM: ANT-3461, 1 specimen, 1 empty tube); stn. PS67/110-2 ( BEIM: ANT-3473, 2 empty tubes; BEIM: ANT-3475, 1 specimen) .

COMPARATIVE MATERIAL EXAMINED

Galatheanthemum profundale Carlgren, 1956 . ZMUC. Holotype. “Loc. Kermadec Dybet, 35º51’S 178º31’W, 20/ 02/1952, det. Carlgren, journal 31/12/1952 ”. Also labelled as: “ Galatheanthemum irregulare Carlgren. Galathea Exp. St. 658, Kermadec Dyb, 35º51’S 178º31’W, 6,660 –6,720 m; 20/02/1952, det. Carlgren, journal 31/12/1952 ”. Also labelled as: “ holotype according to. D. Fautin (2002), 1 specimen ”.

Galatheanthemum profundale Carlgren, 1956 . ZMUC. Paratypes. “ Galathea Exp. St. 654, Kermadec trench, 32º10’S 175º54’W, 5,850 m, 18/02/1952, det. Carlgren, journal 31/12/1952 ”. Also labelled as: “ paratypes according to. D. Fautin (2002), 10? specimens”.

TABLE 13. Size ranges of the cnidae of Galatheanthemum profundale Carlgren, 1956 ; for comparative cnidae data of the species see Carlgren (1956), Dunn (1983), and Cairns et al. (2007). Χ: mean. SD: standard deviation. S: ratio of number of specimens in which each cnidae was found to number of specimens examined. N: total number of capsules measured. F: Frequency, +++ = very common, ++ = common, + = rather common, --- = sporadic. Abbreviations: Mc, Microbasic. (*) Mean values based in fewer than 40 capsules.

(1) No data available for actinopharynx

Galatheanthemum profundale Carlgren, 1956 . ZMUC. Paratypes. “ Galathea Exp. St. 651, Kermadec trench, 32º10.5’S 177º14’W, 6,960 –7,000 m, 16/02/1952, det. Carlgren, journal 31/12/1952 ”. Also labelled as: “ paratypes according to. D. Fautin (2002), 8 specimens ”.

Galatheanthemum profundale Carlgren, 1956 . ZMUC. Paratypes. “ Galathea Exp. , st. 649/658, Kermadec trench, 6,000 –7,000 m, II/1952, det. Carlgren, journal 31/12/1952 ”. Also labelled as: “ paratypes according to. D. Fautin (2002), 2 specimens ”.

Galatheanthemum profundale Carlgren, 1956 . ZMUC. Paratype. “St. 650, 32º20’S 176º54’W, 6,820 m, 16/02/ 1952 ”. Also labelled as: “ 1 paratype according to. D. Fautin (2002) ”.

Galatheanthemum profundale Carlgren, 1956 . ZMUC. Paratypes. “St. 653, 32º09’S 176º35’W, 6,140 –6,160 m, 17/02/1952 ”. Also labelled as: “ paratypes according to. D. Fautin (2002), ~ 10 specimens ”.

Galatheanthemum profundale Carlgren, 1956 . ZMUC. Paratypes. “ Galathea Exp. St. 650, Kermadec trench, 32º20’S 176º54’W, 6,820 m, 16/02/1952 ”. Also labelled as: “ paratypes according to. D. Fautin (2002), 8 specimens ”.

Galatheanthemum profundale Carlgren, 1956 . ZMUC. Paratypes. “ Galathea Exp. , st. 658, 35º51’S 178º31’W, Kermadec trench, 6,660 –6,720 m, 20/02/1952, journal 31/12/1952 ”. Also labelled as: “ Galatheanthemum irregulare ”. Also labelled as: “ paratypes according to. D. Fautin (2002), ~ 32 specimens ”.

Galatheanthemum profundale Carlgren, 1956 . ZMUC. Paratypes. “ Galathea Exp. St. 649, Kermadec trench, 35º16’S 178º40’W, 8,210 –8,290 m, 14/02/1952, journal 31/12/1952 ”. Also labelled as: “ paratypes according to. D. Fautin (2002), 4 specimens ”.

Galatheanthemum hadale Carlgren, 1956 . ZMUC. Syntypes. " Galathea , st. 418, 10º13’N 126º43’E, 10,190 m, 21/07/1951, Philippinergraven, det. Carlgren, journal 31/12/1952 ”. Also labelled as: “ Galatheanthemum regulare Carlgren. Type-materiale, Galathea Exp. 1950 /52, Philippiner-graven, 1951”. Also labelled as: “ syntype according to D. Fautin (2002), 2 specimens ”.

Galatheanthemum hadale Carlgren, 1956 . ZMUC. Syntypes. " Galathea , st. 418, 10º13’N 126º43’E, 10,190 m, 21/07/1951, Et Expl. Til Rusland (Prof. Zenkewitch), gemem Dr. Bruun 1957, det. Carlgren”. Also labelled as: “ Galatheanthemum regulare Carlgren ”. Also labelled as: “ syntypes according to D. Fautin (2002), 13– 14 specimens ”.

Galatheanthemum hadale Carlgren, 1956 . ZMUC. Syntypes. " Galathea , st. 418, 10,190 m, Philippinergraven, Lille expl. p. d. stenen, det. Carlgren, journal 31/12/1952 ”. Also labelled as: “ 1 syntype according to D. Fautin (2002) ”.

Galatheanthemum hadale Carlgren, 1956 . ZMUC. Syntype. " Galathea , st. 418, 10º13’N 126º43’E, 10,190 m, 21/07/1951, det. Carlgren”. Also labelled as: “ 1 syntype according to D. Fautin (2002) ”.

Galatheanthemum hadale Carlgren, 1956 . ZMUC. Syntype. " Galathea , st. 435, 10º20’N 126º41’E, 9,786 m, 07/08/1951, det. Carlgren, journal 31/12/1952 ”. Also labelled as: “ Galatheanthemum regulare, Philippinergraven ”. Also labelled as: “ 1 syntype according to D. Fautin (2002) ”.

Galatheanthemum hadale Carlgren, 1956 . ZMUC. Syntype. " Galathea , st. 419, 10º20’N 126º41’E, 10,200 m, 21/07/1951 ”. Also labelled as: “ Galatheanthemum regulare , 10º14’N 126º41’E, Philippine Deep, 10,200 m, (Clay)”. Also labelled as: “ 1 syntype according to D. Fautin (2002) ”.

DIAGNOSIS

Aboral end rounded, without basilar muscles, narrower than distal end, to 0.8 mm diameter. Column elongated, smooth and firm, to 3.1 mm diameter and 40 mm height in preserved specimens. Column divisible into scapus and scapulus; scapus with cinclides and mesenterial insertions visible. Scapus with a chitinous cuticle forming two layers: external layer free from internal one in most of the column, forming a tube in which distal column can retreat. Chitinous tube elongated, formed by different units secreted at different times. Specimens can settle on tubes of others. Oral disc and tentacles withdrawn in all specimens, not observed. Column in living and preserved specimens whitish, chitinous tube brownish. Marginal sphincter muscle mesogleal strong, reticulate. Equal numbers of mesenteries proximally and distally. Mesenteries arranged in three cycles, only first cycle perfect. Third cycle incomplete, pairs of mesenteries only developed in one exocoel of second cycle of mesenteries. Two pairs of directives; siphonoglyphs not differentiated. Distribution of fertile mesenteries difficult to observe. Retractor muscles weak, diffuse; parietobasilar muscles well developed, with short and thick mesogleal pennon. Longitudinal muscles of tentacles ectodermal. Cnidom: Spirocysts, basitrichs, and microbasic p -mastigophores. For a complete description of Galatheanthemum profundale , see Carlgren (1956) and Cairns et al. (2007).

GEOGRAPHIC AND BATHYMETRIC DISTRIBUTION

Galatheanthemum profundale was described based on material from Kermadec Fosse, north of New Zealand, between 5,858 –8,290 m depth ( Carlgren 1956). Later on, Dunn (1983) and Cairns et al. (2007) extended remarkably the geographic and bathymetric distribution of the species to the Southern Ocean (between 54º– 60º S and 15ºE–130ºW) and in the deep Caribbean ( Puerto Rico Trench and Virgin Islands Trough) between 3,947 –8,026 m depth.

The material from this study has been collected in the deep-sea in the Scotia Sea and the eastern Weddell Sea, between 4,060–4,975 m depth .

Galatheanthemum profundale is a deep-sea wide spread species inhabiting abyssal and hadal depths in the north Atlantic, Pacific, and Southern oceans ( Fig. 27d ).

Superfamily METRIDIOIDEA Carlgren, 1893

Family ACTINOSCYPHIIDAE Stephenson, 1920a

Genus Actinoscyphia Stephenson, 1920a

Figures

FIGURE 27. Distribution map of species. a) Actinostola georgiana Carlgren, 1927. b) Hormosoma scotti Stephenson, 1918. c) Stomphia selaginella (Stephenson, 1918). d) Galatheanthemum profundale Carlgren, 1956. e) Actinoscyphia plebeia (McMurrich, 1893). f) Eltaninactis infundibulum Dunn, 1983. Green triangles, type locality; green circles, previous localities; red circles, localities from this study; dark line, Subtropical Front; light line, Polar Front.

FIGURE 33. External anatomy of Galatheanthemum profundale Carlgren, 1956. a) Lateral view of an empty chitinous tube formed by a specimen [BEIM(ANT-4203)]. b) Lateral view of preserved specimen [BEIM(ANT-4202)]. c–d) Lateral view of preserved specimens without their chitinous tube [BEIM(ANT-4202)], [AMNH-4204]. Scale bars: a, 30 mm; b–c, 20 mm; d, 15 mm.

FIGURE 34. Cnidae of Galatheanthemum profundale Carlgren, 1956. a, e–g) Basitrichs. b, h) Microbasic p-mastigophores. c, d) Spirocyst.