Pauropsalta, Goding & Froggatt, 1904

Owen, Christopher L. & Moulds, Max S., 2016, Systematics and Phylogeny of the Australian Cicada Genus Pauropsalta Goding and Froggatt, 1904 and Allied Genera (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Cicadettini), Records of the Australian Museum 68 (4), pp. 117-200 : 126-131

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.3853/j.2201-4349.68.2016.1598

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FB201E0E-2056-45B2-A1F7-1FF27727024A

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039DA814-D07E-FF89-48DA-1EE8FA8CF8A2

treatment provided by

Felipe

scientific name

Pauropsalta
status

 

Key to species of Pauropsalta View in CoL and allied genera

Pauropsalta and allied genera share a sclerotized endotheca that lacks a ventral support and all share an infuscation at the distal end of hind wing vein 2A except most species in the genus Palapsalta .

1 Fore wing veins M and CuA with their stems meeting the basal cell completely fused as one (view carefully under magnification) ............................................. 29

—— Fore wing veins M and CuA with their stems meeting the basal cell closely abutted or parted, not fused as one ......................................................................... 2

2(1) Fore wing basal membrane predominantly grey to brown or black .......................................................................................................................................... 3

—— Fore wing basal membrane predominantly orange or red ....................................................... 21

3(2) Hind wing with 6 apical cells (if 6 in one wing and 5 in the other then treat as 5) .......................................................................................... Pauropsalta infuscata View in CoL

—— Hind wing with 5 apical cells .................................................................................................... 4

4(3) Pronotum with an adjacent pair of circular black dots on midline adjacent to pronotal collar distinctly separated from any other dark colour (view under low magnification) .................................................................... 5

—— Pronotum lacking such spots, although often with black markings but not like circular dots .................................................................................................... 6

5(4) Anteclypeus predominantly pale yellow or muddy yellow; found in Northern Territory ....................................................................................... Pauropsalta kriki View in CoL

—— Anteclypeus predominantly black (there is some yellow); found in northern Queensland ............................................................................... Pauropsalta elgneri View in CoL

6(4) Length of rostrum reaching to at least apices of hind coxae ..................................................... 7

—— Length of rostrum reaching to about apices of mid coxae ...................................................... 13

7(6) Male ........................................................................................................................................... 8

—— Female (not available for herveyensis View in CoL ) .................................................................................... 18

8(7) Abdomen not rounded in cross section, the epipleurites reflexed inwards from junction with tergites on underside of abdomen .................................................................................................................................... 9

—— Abdomen completely rounded in cross section, the epipleurites not reflexed inwards ................................................................................................................ 10

9(8) Pronotum black with reddish brown and yellow markings ........................... Pauropsalta opaca View in CoL

—— Pronotum black with yellow markings ................................................. Pauropsalta herveyensis View in CoL

10(8) Abdominal tergite 8 entirely or partly jet black ...................................................................... 11

—— Abdominal tergite 8 yellowish brown to dark brown but never partly jet black ......................................................................................................................... 12

11(10) Pronotum predominantly black with yellow markings .............................. Pauropsalta walkeri View in CoL

—— Pronotum black with yellow and brown/reddish brown markings .............. Pauropsalta infrasila View in CoL

12(10) Submedian sigilla partly dark brown or black and partly yellowish brown, not uniformly coloured; male genitalia with apical part of endotheca not bifurcate .......................................................... Pauropsalta agasta View in CoL

—— Submedian sigilla black or dark brown throughout, uniformly coloured; male genitalia with apical part of endotheca bifurcate ................ Pauropsalta adelphe View in CoL

13(6) Length of body including head longer than 20 mm; found in Queensland ................................................................................................... Pauropsalta ewarti View in CoL

—— Length of body including head equal to or shorter than 20 mm; found in South Australia or Western Australia ....................................................................... 14

14(13) Male ......................................................................................................................................... 15

—— Female ............................................................... Pauropsalta accola View in CoL , P. confinis View in CoL or P. contigua View in CoL

15(14) Dorsal portion of tergite 1 hidden ........................................................................................... 16

—— Dorsal portion of tergite clearly visible ................................................................................... 17

16(15) Pygofer entirely black ................................................................................ Pauropsalta extensa View in CoL

—— Pygofer substantially muddy yellow, especially on upper pygofer lobes and dorsal beak ................................................................................. Pauropsalta confinis View in CoL

17(15) Male fore wing length usually longer than 19.7 mm, if less than 19.7 (there are no records below 19.5 mm) then male aedeagus with pseudoparameres lying immediately adjacent to endotheca in lateral view ............................................................................................... Pauropsalta accola View in CoL

—— Male fore wing length never longer than 19.7 mm, if above 19.4 mm then male aedeagus with pseudoparameres lying high above endotheca ....................................................................................... Pauropsalta contigua View in CoL

18(7) Pronotum black with brownish red markings ......................................................................... 19

—— Pronotum black or brown with yellow or dark brown markings ............................................ 20

19(18) Black markings on abdomen confined to dorsal half; male abdomen inflated ............................................................................................... Pauropsalta infrasila View in CoL

—— Black markings on abdomen extended to lower lateral region; male abdomen not inflated ............................................................................ Pauropsalta opaca View in CoL

20(18) Pronotum black with yellow markings ....................................................... Pauropsalta walkeri View in CoL

—— Pronotum brown with dark brown markings ......................... Pauropsalta adelphe View in CoL or P. agasta View in CoL

21(2) Rostrum reaching to or slightly beyond apices of mid coxae ................................................. 22

—— Rostrum reaching at least to apices of hind coxae .................................................................. 24

22(21) Fore wing veins M and CuA with their stems meeting the basal cell completely separated (view ×10 magnification) ................................. Uradolichos rotunda View in CoL

—— Fore wing veins M and CuA with their stems meeting the basal cell closely abutted .................................................................................................................. 23

23(22) Tergites mostly black or bright orange .................................................... Pauropsalta katherina View in CoL

—— Tergites mostly brown or yellowish brown ............................................... Pauropsalta sinavilla View in CoL

24(21) Tergites 4–6 bright orange ...................................................................................................... 25

—— Tergites 4–6 brown, orange or red with dark brown to black markings .................................................................................................................................. 26

25(24) Not distinguishable by outward appearance; male genitalia with apex of aedeagus with wide lateral wing; west of the Great Sandy Desert, Western Australia ............................................................... Pauropsalta extrema View in CoL

—— Male genitalia with apex of aedeagus lacking lateral wings; distributed east of the Great Sandy Desert, Western Australia .................... Pauropsalta similis View in CoL

26(24) Head width equal to or less than 4.9 mm .................................................. Pauropsalta borealis View in CoL

—— Head width greater than 4.9 mm ............................................................................................. 27

27(26) Forewing length more than 23 mm ......................................................................................... 28

—— Forewing 23 mm or less ..................................................................... Pauropsalta melanopygia View in CoL

28(27) Black markings on abdomen confined to dorsal half; male abdomen inflated ....................................................................................... Pauropsalta infrasila View in CoL

—— Black markings on abdomen extended to lower lateral region; male abdomen not inflated ............................................................................ Pauropsalta opaca View in CoL

29(1) Hind wing with 5 apical cells (if 5 in one wing and 6 in the other then treat as 5) ......................................................................................................................... 30

—— Hind wing with 6 apical cells .................................................................................................. 64

30(29) Length of fore wing greater than or equal to 20 mm ............................................................... 31

—— Length of fore wing less than 20 mm ...................................................................................... 34

31(30) Fore wing broad, ratio of width to length about 2.3–2.5 ............................. Pauropsalta mneme View in CoL

—— Fore wing of usual proportions, ratio width to length 2.7 or greater ...................................................................................................................................... 32

32(31) Tergites mostly brown .......................................................................... Relictapsalta nigristriga View in CoL

—— Tergites mostly black .............................................................................................................. 33

33(32) Rostrum reaching apices of mid coxae ......................................................... Pauropsalta accola View in CoL

—— Rostrum reaching almost to apices of hind coxae .................................... Pauropsalta castanea View in CoL

34(30) Dorsolateral interior of pronotum with dark red or reddish brown markings (view under magnification) ...................................................................................... 35

—— Dorsolateral interior of pronotum lacking dark red or reddish brown markings ....................................................................................................................... 38

35(34) Male ......................................................................................................................................... 36

—— Female .................................. Pauropsalta accola View in CoL or P. conflua View in CoL (female of P. juncta View in CoL unknown)

36(35) Upper pygofer lobe brown or black ........................................................................................ 37

—— Upper pygofer lobe mostly yellow ............................................................... Pauropsalta accola View in CoL

37(36) Upper pygofer lobe triangular ..................................................................... Pauropsalta conflua View in CoL

—— Upper pygofer lobe semi-circular ................................................................. Pauropsalta juncta View in CoL

38(34) Rostrum reaching to or slightly beyond apices of mid coxae ................................................. 40

—— Rostrum reaching at least to apices of hind coxae .................................................................. 39

39(38) Length of body including head less than or equal to 17.1 mm .................... Atrapsalta emmotti View in CoL

—— Length of body including head greater than 17.1 mm ............................. Pauropsalta castanea View in CoL

40(38) Pronotal collar edged brown to reddish brown ....................................................................... 41

—— Pronotal collar edged yellow, orange or red ............................................................................ 46

41(40) Male ......................................................................................................................................... 42

—— Female ..................................................................................................................................... 44

42(41) Upper pygofer lobes black ...................................................................................................... 43

—— Upper pygofer lobes brown or muddy yellow ................................................ Atrapsalta collina View in CoL

43(42) Upper pygofer lobe (visible without dissection) hooked downwards terminally ............................................................................................. Atrapsalta fuscata View in CoL

—— Upper pygofer lobe terminally rounded, paddle-like blinkers .................... Atrapsalta corticina View in CoL

44(41) Fore wing length greater than 19.4 mm ...................................................... Atrapsalta corticina View in CoL

—— Fore wing length 19.4 mm or less ........................................................................................... 45

45(44) Abdomen below entirely black ....................................................................... Atrapsalta fuscata View in CoL

—— Abdomen below not entirely black ................................................................ Atrapsalta collina View in CoL

46(40) Pronotal collar edged yellow or orange ................................................................................... 47

—— Pronotal collar edged red ......................................................................................................... 52

47(46) No markings on mesonotum, completely black ...................................................................... 48

—— Red, yellow or orange markings on mesonotum ..................................................................... 50

48(47) Black tergites edged orange; found in Queensland and New South Wales ............................................................................................................................. 49

—— Black tergites edged yellow; found in Western Australia and South Australia ................................................................................................ Atrapsalta dolens View in CoL

49(48) Male upper pygofer lobe apex dark and hooked downwards ................... Popplepsalta ayrensis View in CoL

—— Male upper pygofer lobe apically pale and weakly hooked downwards or rounded and bulbous ................................................... Popplepsalta annulata View in CoL group*

50(47) Fore wing longer than 19 mm; found in Western Australia ......................... Pauropsalta accola View in CoL

—— Fore wing shorter than 19 mm; found in all States ................................................................. 51

51(50) Tergites mostly orange and wide ......................................................... Graminitigrina bowensis View in CoL

—— Tergites black and edged yellow ......................... Popplepsalta ayrensis View in CoL or P. annulata View in CoL group*

52(46) Sternites orange or yellow, sometimes with a black fascia along midline ..................................................................................................................................... 57

—— Sternites black (sometimes brown) or black edged yellow (consider black if majority of sternites are black except for area adjacent to epipleurites) ........................................................................................................... 53

53(52) Male ......................................................................................................................................... 58

—— Female ..................................................................................................................................... 54

54(53) Ovipositor sheath projecting 1 mm (from Western Australia) ..................... Pauropsalta accola View in CoL

—— Ovipositor sheath projecting much less than 1 mm (from Queensland or NSW) .......................................................................................................................... 55

55(54) Fore wing length greater than 19.4 mm ...................................................... Atrapsalta corticina View in CoL

—— Fore wing length 19.4 mm or less ........................................................................................... 56

56(55) Abdomen below entirely black ............................................ Atrapsalta fuscata View in CoL or A. encaustica View in CoL

—— Abdomen below not entirely black Atrapsalta collina View in CoL , A. corticina View in CoL , .......................................................................................................... A. encaustica View in CoL or A. furcilla View in CoL

57(52) No markings on mesonotum ........................................................................... Atrapsalta dolens View in CoL

—— Yellow markings on mesonotum ................................................................... Atrapsalta siccana View in CoL

58(53) Upper pygofer lobes black ...................................................................................................... 59

—— Upper pygofer lobes brown or muddy yellow ......................................................................... 61

59(58) Upper pygofer lobe (visible without dissection) hooked downwards terminally ...................................................................................................................... 60

—— Upper pygofer lobe terminally rounded, paddle-like blinkers .................... Atrapsalta corticina View in CoL

60(59) Apex of endotheca (requires dissection) when viewed end on with broad dorsal and ventral lips, and spined all around ........................ Atrapsalta encaustica View in CoL

—— Apex of endotheca when viewed end on with narrow dorsal and ventral lips, and lacks spines across dorsal lip ............................................... Atrapsalta fuscata View in CoL

61(58) Upper pygofer lobe (visible without dissection) tapering throughout most of its length to a rounded point ......................................... Pauropsalta accola View in CoL

—— Upper pygofer lobe tending parallel-sided and widening distally .......................................... 62

62(61) Upper pygofer lobes brown ............................................................................ Atrapsalta collina View in CoL

—— Upper pygofer lobes muddy pale yellow ................................................................................ 63

63(62) Apex of endotheca (requires dissection) when viewed end on with broad dorsal and ventral lips, and spined all around ........................ Atrapsalta encaustica View in CoL

—— Apex of endotheca when viewed end on with narrow dorsal and ventral lips, and lacks spines across dorsal lip .............................................. Atrapsalta furcilla View in CoL

64(29) Costa and/or R+Sc red, reddish orange, or reddish brown ...................................................... 65

—— Costa and/or R+Sc brown or yellow ....................................................................................... 71

65(64) Fore wing with no infuscation between CuP+1A and 2A+3A ................................................ 66

—— Fore wing with slight infuscation between CuP+1A and 2A+3A ............................................. 69

66(65) Fore wing at least 26 mm long ......................................................... Popplepsalta rubristrigata View in CoL

—— Fore wing less than 26 mm long ............................................................................................. 67

67(66) Sternites mostly black along midline ...................................................................................... 68

—— Sternites mostly red or orange along midline .......................................... Palapsalta circumdata View in CoL

68(67) Fore wing no longer than 19 mm ................................................................ Haemopsalta rubea View in CoL

—— Fore wing 20 mm or longer ..................................................................... Popplepsalta aeroides View in CoL

69(65) Tergite 2 entirely black; male upper pygofer lobe terminating to a long sharp point .......................................................................................... Falcatpsalta aquilus View in CoL

—— Tergite 2 black with yellow, red or brown hind margin (at least in part); male upper pygofer lobe terminating in a broad rounded end ........................................... 70

70(69) Abdomen below with a distinct broad black fascia along midline .............. Haemopsalta rubea View in CoL

—— Abdomen below lacking a distinct broad black fascia along midline .................................................................................................. Haemopsalta flammeata View in CoL

71(64) Anterior lateral margins with at least some tergites coloured orange ...................................................................................................................................... 72

—— Anterior lateral margins of tergites coloured black ................................................................. 76

72(71) Black markings along midline of tergites ................................................................................ 73

—— Orange or orange brown markings along midline of tergites .................................................. 74

73(72) Black markings along midline of tergites wider around midline and thinning laterally .................................................................................. Palapsalta virgulata View in CoL

—— Black markings on tergites about the same width on midline and laterally .................................................................................................... Palapsalta circumdata View in CoL

74(72) Tergites 1 and 2 orange ..................................................................................... Palapsalta eyrei View in CoL

—— Tergites 1 and 2 brown, sometimes tending black .................................................................. 75

75(74) Pronotum black with yellow markings ........................................................... Palapsalta palaga View in CoL

—— Pronotum brown with yellow markings ....................................................... Palapsalta vitellina View in CoL

76(71) Large white or pale brown spot on lateral sides of abdomen covering tergites 3–5 ..................................................................................... Palapsalta serpens View in CoL

—— No large white or pale brown spot on side of abdomen .......................................................... 77

77(76) Tergites mostly reddish orange (sometimes reddish brown) with black markings along midline .................................................................... Haemopsalta aktites View in CoL

—— Tergites black and usually edged yellow or orange ................................................................ 78

78(77) Pronotal collar entirely orange-brown or yellow-brown ............ Popplepsalta annulata View in CoL group *

—— Pronotal collar black, often edged reddish-brown on posterior margin ...................................................................................................................................... 79

79(78) Male ......................................................................................................................................... 80

—— Female ..................................................................................................................................... 81

80(79) Opercula entirely jet black ..................................................................... Haemopsalta georgina View in CoL

—— Opercula black on basal half or so, otherwise pale muddy yellow ...................... Atrapsalta vinea View in CoL

81(79) Membranes at wing bases with reddish orange; leg joints often showing similar reddish orange .............................................................. Haemopsalta georgina View in CoL

—— Membranes at wing bases muddy pale yellow or grey; leg joints often showing muddy yellow ............................................................................ Atrapsalta vinea View in CoL

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Insecta

Order

Hemiptera

Family

Cicadidae

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