Epicratinus anakin, Gonçalves & Brescovit, 2020

Gonçalves, Ricardo Antonio & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2020, Taxonomic review and cladistic analysis of Neotropical spider genus Epicratinus Jocqué & Baert, 2005 (Araneae: Zodariidae) with description of eleven new species, Zootaxa 4886 (1), pp. 1-77 : 34-37

Epicratinus anakin sp. nov.

Figs 26–27 .

Type. Male holotype from Reserva Biológica Augusto Ruschi, 19º53’19.0”S, 40º32’48.0”W, Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo, Brazil, IV-VIII/2006, T. Souza, T. Bernabé & E. Soeiro, deposited in IBSP 211492 . Paratype: 1♀, same data of holotype, deposited in IBSP 211493 .

Additional material examined: BRAZIL, Pernambuco, Santa Cruz do Capibaribe , Serra do Pará, 7º52’29,2”S, 36º 24’10,06”W, 1♁, 19–21/VI/2011, F.M.G. Las-Casas ( UFMG 13489 ) ; 1♁ ( UFMG 13492 ) . Espírito Santo, Santa Teresa, Reserva Biológica Augusto Ruschi , 19º53’19.0”S, 40º32’48.0”W, 1♀, IV–VIII/2006, T. Souza, T. Bernabé, E. Soeiro ( IBSP 121299 ) ; 1♀ ( IBSP 122297 ) ;

Diagnosis. Males of E. anakin sp. nov. are easily recognized by having two carapace colors, brown in the cephalic area and dark orange near the pedicel, a medium yellow burned dorsal shield in the abdomen with four white spots (two on each side), an apical distal dorsal black apophysis on the palpal patella, RTA short with wide base directed retrolaterally. Females have the epigynum with atrium “ M-shaped ” and frog-eyed spermathecae distant their diameter between them ( Figs 26 , 27 ).

Etymology. The specific epithet is a noun taken in apposition and is in reference to Anakin Skywalker, a fictional character in George Lucas film, “Star Wars”. Anakin is a character which change from the light side to the dark side of the “Force” and becomes evil in the plot. The two colors of the male carapace remind that change.

Description. Male (IBSP 211492). Color: carapace brown in the cephalic area and dark orange near the pedicel, yellow sternum with dark orange border, orange-brown chelicerae, pale yellow coxae, yellow legs; dorsal abdomen predominantly dark brown with seven white spots, the first four inside the dorsal shield (2-2-2-1) and this medium (half of the abdomen) dark yellow, short bristles throughout the abdomen; ventral abdomen pale yellow with two small pale brown spots, two pale yellow spots on each side, little sclerotinized, yellow above the epigastric furrow. Total length 4.5; carapace length 2.9; width 1.6; abdomen length 1.9; maximum length of spinnerets 0.2; chelicerae length 0.9; clypeus height 0.6. Eyes: diameters AME 0.08, ALE 0.09, PME 0.1, PLE 0.11. Interdistances AME-AME 0.06, AME-ALE 0.13, PME-PME 0.1, PME-PLE 0.32, ALE-PLE 0.07. Spinulation: I: Fe d1-1-0, p0, r0, v0; Pa d0, p0, r0, v0; Ti d0, p0, r0, v2-1-2; Me d0, p0, r0, v2-2-3. II: Fe d1-1-0, p0-0-1, r0, v0; Pa d0, p0, r0, v0; Ti d0, p0, r0, v1-1-2; Me d0, p0, r0, v2-0-3. III: Fe d1-1-1, p0-1-1, r0-0-1, v0; Pa d0-0-1, p0-1-0, r0-1-0, v0; Ti d1-1-0, p1- 0-1, r1-0-1, v2-1-2; Me d0-1-2, p0-1-1, r1-1-1, v2-0-2. IV: Fe d1-2-1, p0-0-1, r0-0-1, v0; Pa d0-0-1, p0-1-0, r0-1-0, v0; Ti d1-1-0, p1-0-1, r1-0-1, v2-1-2; Me d0-1-0, p1-1-2, r1-1-2, v2-1-2. Formula: 4132.

Measurements of legs:

Palp. Femur with 2 dorsal spines (0-1-1); patella with apical distal dorsal black apophysis; tibia with a row of median bristles on the proximal/medial portion of the retrolateral margin; RTA short with wide base directed retrolaterally; cymbium with basal lateral projection above the RTA, two distal spines; subtegulum with curved ridge; tegulum with large membrane in the central area; conductor in trough format with sclerotinized tip; tegular apophysis short in linear format; short conspicuous embolus with TAEB tapered at base.

Female (IBSP 211493). Color: carapace dark brown uniform, dark orange sternum, dark brown chelicerae, orange coxae, dark orange legs; dorsal abdomen predominantly dark brown with five spots (2-2-1) and numerous small pale yellow dots, short bristles throughout the abdomen; ventral abdomen pale yellow with two small brown spots light, little sclerotinized, light yellow and dark orange above the epigastric furrow. Total length 6.2; carapace length 3; width 1.9; abdomen length 3; maximum length of spinnerets 0.3; chelicerae length 1.24; clypeus height 0.92. Pro and retrolateral spines on the femur IV only in the distal portion. Eyes: diameters AME 0.1, ALE 0.12, PME 0.12, PLE 0.16. Interdistances AME-AME 0.04, AME-ALE 0.2, PME-PME 0.1, PME-PLE 0.46, ALE-PLE 0.08. Spinulation: I: Fe d1-1-0, p0, r0, v0; Pa d0, p0, r0, v0; Ti d0, p0, r0, v1-1-1; Me d0, p0, r0, v2-1-3.II: Fe d1-1- 0, p0, r0, v0; Pa d0, p0, r0, v0; Ti d0, p0, r0, v1-1-1; Me d0, p0, r0, v2-1-3. III: Fe d1-1-1, p1-0-0, r0, v0; Pa d0-0-1, p0-1-0, r0-1-0, v0; Ti d1-1-0, p1-0-1, r1-0-1, v1-1-2; Me d0-1-0, p0-1-2, r2-1-2, v2-1-3.IV: Fe d1-2-1, p0, r0, v0; Pa d0-0-1, p0-1-0, r0-1-0, v0; Ti d1-1-0, p1-0-1, r1-0-1, v1-1-2; Me d0-1-0, p1-1-2, r1-1-2, v2-2-2. Formula: 4132.

Measurements of legs:

Epigynum. Epigynal plate oval, wider than long. Ventrally presents atrium “M-shaped” (frog-eye shaped). Vulva presents semicircular spermathecae with visible chamber in each of them. Visible in transparency.

Variation. Males (n = 3): total length 4.5‾4.6, carapace 2.9‾3.1, femur I 1.36‾1.39. Females (n = 3): total length 6‾6.2, carapace 3‾3.06, femur I 1.7‾1.78.

Distribution. Only known from the type locality ( Fig. 41 ).

Figures

FIGURE 26.A. Epicratinus anakin sp. nov. (IBSP 211492) Habitus male, dorsal view. B. Male, ventral view. C. (IBSP 211493) Female, dorsal view. D. Female, ventral view. (Scale = 1 mm).

FIGURE 27. A. Epicratinus anakin sp. nov. (IBSP 211492) Male palp, dorsal view. B. (IBSP 211492) and C. (UFMG 13489) Ventral view. D. (IBSP 211493) Epigynum, ventral view. E. (IBSP 121299) Vulva. F. Vulva. (Scale in A, B = 0.5; C = 0.1; D, E, F = 0.2 mm).

FIGURE 41. Area of occurrence of Epicratinus anakin sp. nov., E. ehonda sp. nov., E. pegasus sp. nov. and E. stitch sp. nov. (clade C).