Nothofagus Blume (1851: 307)

Heenan, Peter B. & Smissen, Rob D., 2013, Revised circumscription of Nothofagus and recognition of the segregate genera Fuscospora, Lophozonia, and Trisyngyne (Nothofagaceae), Phytotaxa 146 (1), pp. 1-31 : 16-18

Nothofagus Blume (1851: 307) , nom. cons. (see Steenis 1953b: 329, Lanjouw et al. 1961: 251) ≡ Fagus

section Nothofagus (Blume) Candolle (1864: 121) . = Nothofagus section Calucechinus subsection

Antarcticae Steenis (1953a: 334), nom. inval. = Nothofagus subgenus Molischia Krasser (1896: 162) ,

nom. inval. Conserved type (designated by Lanjouw et al. 1961: 251):— Nothofagus antarctica (G.Forst.)

Oerst.

In proposing the conservation of Nothofagus, Steenis (1953b) did not nominate a type, but the proposal was nonetheless recommended by the Committee for Spermatophyta with the provision that this deficiency was remedied ( Rickett 1958). When the conservation of the name was published, N. antarctica was given as the type ( Lanjouw et al. 1961, Appendix 3). This was an unfortunate choice as Blume (1851) did not include N. antarctica among the species he placed in Nothofagus . Nothofagus subgenus Molischia and Nothofagus

section Calucechinus subsection Antarcticae each include the type of Nothofagus ( N. antarctica ) and are

therefore invalid ( McNeill et al. 2012, ICN Art. 22.2).

= Fagaster Spach (1841: 142) , nom. rejic. (see Steenis 1953b: 329, Lanjouw et al. 1961: 251). Type:— Fagus dombeyi Mirb. [≡ Nothofagus dombeyi (Mirb.) Oerst. ].

= Calucechinus Hombr. & Jacquinot (in Dumont d'Urville 1843: t. 6), nom. rejic. (see Steenis 1953b: 329, Lanjouw et al. 1961: 251) ≡ Nothofagus subgenus Molischia section Calucechinus (Hombr. & Jacquinot) Krasser (1896: 162) , nom. inval. Type:— Calucechinus antarctica (G.Forst.) Hombr. & Jacquinot [≡ Nothofagus antarctica (G.Forst.) Oerst. ].

= Calusparassus Hombr. & Jacquinot (in Dumont d’Urville 1843: t. 6), nom. rejic. (see Steenis 1953b: 329, Lanjouw et al. 1961: 251) ≡ Nothofagus subgenus Molischia section Calusparassus (Hombr. & Jacquinot) Krasser (1896: 163) . Type:— Calusparassus forsteri Hombr. & Jacquinot [= Nothofagus betuloides (Mirb.) Oerst. ].

= Fagus section Eufagus Candolle (1864: 118) pro parte, nom. inval.

Candolle divided Fagus into a section for evergreen species (section Nothofagus , see above) and a section

for deciduous species (section Eufagus ). Fagus section Eufagus is treated here as invalid (McNeil et al. 2012,

ICN Art. 21.3).

= Nothofagus section Deciduae Steenis (1952a: 146) ≡ Nothofagus section Plicatae Steenis (1952b: 306) , nom. illeg. superfl. Type:— Nothofagus betuloides (Mirb.) Blume.

= Nothofagus section Calucechinus subsection Pumiliae Steenis (1953a: 336) ≡ Nothofagus subgenus Nothofagus section Pumiliae (Steenis) Hill & Read (1991: 69) . Type:— Nothofagus pumilio (Poepp. & Endl.) Krasser.

= Nothofagus subgenus Pumiliae (Steenis) Baumann-Bodenheim (1992: 93), nom. inval.

This name does not include a full and direct reference to the basionym ( McNeill et al. 2012, ICN Art.

41.5).

Autonyms: — Nothofagus Blume subgenus Nothofagus , in Philipson & Philipson (1988: 33); Nothofagus Blume subgenus Nothofagus section Nothofagus , in Philipson & Philipson (1988: 33).

Trees up to 45 m high. Leaves distichous, planar when evergreen or plicate when deciduous, teeth with 1–2 or 2-or-more serrations, fimbrial veins incomplete or absent; with large globular glandular trichomes on cuticle; without solitary unicellular trichome type A with a very small, unthickened base and with a large, unicellular, thin-walled trichome emerging; without solitary unicellular trichome type C with a large base equal to or greater than the diameter of the trichome and with a large, unicellular, thin-walled trichome emerging; with or without conical unicellular trichomes with a heavily thickened foot cell. Stomata parallel to long axis of leaf; with thickened T-pieces of cuticle at the poles separating the two guard cells; without giant stomata over the major veins; stomata size within the areoles variable or more-or-less even. Upper epidermal cells over veins more elongate than areolar cells or not distinguishable from areolar cells, with or without granular cell walls. Stipules peltate. Dichasia with 1 central dimerous flower and 2 lateral trimerous flowers, or 1 trimerous flower. Male floral meristem round. Staminate flowers with narrowly campanulate, often bell-shaped perianth; lobes 4, rarely 3 or 5, prominent, symmetric and regular; stamens <20, centripetal development; anthers 2.5–4.0 mm long, slightly curved, distal connective protrusion weakly developed, filament connective free, without epidermal papillae. Pollen peritreme, mesocolpia straight to convex; colpi short, spatulate or parallel-sided, with U-shaped ends, margins conspicuously thickened, annulate, aperture 4–11 µm long, polar to equatorial lengths ratio ≤ 0.3. Cupule valves (2–)4(–8), or 2 asymmetrical; outer surface of valves with simple trichomes; lamellae membranous, usually glabrous, or sometimes glandular; fruits 1 dimerous or 1–2 trimerous .

Five species in southern South America.

Nothofagus antarctica (G.Forst.) Ørsted (1871: 354) ≡ Fagus antarctica Forster (1789: 42 , as 24). Lectotype (designated here):— CHILE. Terra del Fuego, Christmas Harbour, 1774, W. Anderson (BM000949987, image!).

The description provided by Forster (1789) includes male and female flowers, and we have designated a specimen with male flowers as the lectotype.

Nothofagus betuloides (Mirb.) Ørsted (1871: 354) ≡ Fagus betuloides Mirbel (1827: 469 , t. 25). Lectoype (designated here):— CHILE. Magellan, October 1767, P. Commerson s.n. (P744727, image!).

Nothofagus dombeyi (Mirb.) Ørsted (1871: 354) ≡ Fagus dombeyi Mirbel (1827: 467 , t. 24). Lectotype (designated here):— CHILE. Without locality, no date, J. Dombey 931 (P744730, image!).