Lemonia taraxaci (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)

Prozorov, Alexey M., Prozorova, Tatiana A., Volkova, Julia S., Yakovlev, Roman V., Nedoshivina, Svetlana V., Pinzari, Manuela, Pinzari, Mario, Scalercio, Stefano, Bianco, Giovanni, Saldaitis, Aidas, Hausmann, Axel, Revay, Edita E. & Müller, Günter C., 2022, Revision of the Lemonia taraxaci complex, with a description of a new species from Italy and clarification of the status of Lemonia strigata (Lepidoptera Brahmaeidae: Lemoniinae), Zootaxa 5195 (4), pp. 337-360 : 339-342

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.5195.4.2

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2719E744-4D6E-4E38-B031-422E2CA0489F

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195712

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039C87EA-FFA5-FFF8-FF22-6F8C1EA87435

treatment provided by

Plazi

scientific name

Lemonia taraxaci (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)
status

 

Lemonia taraxaci (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)

( Figs 1–17 View FIGURES 1–11 View FIGURES 12–23 , 53 View FIGURES 52–57 , 58–63 View FIGURES 58–73 , 88–93 View FIGURES 88–98 , 114–115 View FIGURES 114–115 )

Bombyx taraxaci Denis & Schiffermuller, 1775 , Ankündung eines systematischen Werkes von den Schmetterlingen der Wienergegend, 57. Type locality: Austria, Vienna area. Types do not exist.

= Phalaena Bombyx taraxaconis Gmelin, 1790 , Caroli a Linné, systema naturae, 1(5), 2415. Type locality: Austria. Types were not found. Unnecessary replacement for Bombyx taraxaci Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775 .

= Lemonia taraxaci terranea Rothschild, 1909 , The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology, Series 8, 3(13), 7. Type locality: France, Le Lautaret, 45.03541° N, 6.40171° E. Lectotype ♂ (NHML).

= Lemonia taraxaci ab. depuncta Stephens   GoogleMaps , 1924, Deutsche   GoogleMaps entomologische Zeitschrift   GoogleMaps “Iris,” 38: 204. Type locality: Poland, Karłów, 50.4742° N, 16.3379° E and Poland, Fort Karola, 50.4642° N, 16.3472° E. Syntypes ♂ and ♀ were not found. Invalid infrasubspecific name.

Diagnosis. Lemonia taraxaci is a Central European species, it is restricted to the Alps and the surrounding lowlands. It has a 2.18% gap analysis distance from L. sibirica and 2.98% from L. italiana sp. n. ( Fig. 115 View FIGURES 114–115 ). Lemonia taraxaci is externally and morphologically variable, without reliable characters found to distinguish it from the other closely related species.

Variability. The coloration of the species varies from pale yellow to vivid yolk yellow and from brownish yellow to brown (see Figs 1–17 View FIGURES 1–11 View FIGURES 12–23 ). The brown tint suggested to be related to inhabiting height – as higher specimen flies as darker it is ( Antoshin & Zolotuhin, 2011), compare Figs 10 and 11 View FIGURES 1–11 – 199 and 2275 m accordingly.Although, specimens from the same location may be of a different color ( Figs 8 and 9 View FIGURES 1–11 ). In addition, specimens with a brown tint are known not only from a mountainous areas but from lowlands too: Osp, Slovenia (35 m; Fig. 12 View FIGURES 12–23 ) and Prague, Czechia (250 m; Fig. 14 View FIGURES 12–23 ). Few specimens known with darkened veins ( Figs 5–6 View FIGURES 1–11 ). Discal spot a slightly variable in size dot ( Figs 2 and 10 View FIGURES 1–11 ) or a lunule- or a comma-shaped spot ( Fig. 13 View FIGURES 12–23 ).

Uncus in male genitalia ( Fig. 53 View FIGURES 52–57 ) varies in a wide range with no system ( Figs 58–63 View FIGURES 58–73 ), even specimens from the same location are different ( Figs 59–60 View FIGURES 58–73 ).

Spurs on tarsi vary in number and size without any system ( Figs 88–93 View FIGURES 88–98 ).

Distribution ( Fig. 114 View FIGURES 114–115 ). The range, especially in the lowlands around the Alps, is not clear. The western, northern and eastern distribution boundaries are likely to shrink because of active land use (The Council of the European Union, 2013). In the northeast and east it is probably limited by the Ore Mountains, the Sudetes and then the Carpathian Mountains. The species range does not exceed the Alps in the southwest and is limited by the Po Valley in the south. In the southeast, the border between L. taraxaci and L. strigata may be somewhere across coastal Croatia if it exists at all. Specimens externally looking like L. taraxaci are known from the Balkans but here we regard them under L. strigata according to fresh DNA data (see “Taxonomic note. 1.” for L. strigata strigata ). Wang (1998) recorded L. taraxaci from China, but later Cui et al. (2017) showed it is a misidentified Bombycidae species.

Taxonomic notes. 1. The species was described from the “Wienergegend” – Vienna area – a lowland below 300 m. Here we consider mountain and lowland populations within the same species. Further studies are necessary, and DNA analysis may show in fact some differences.

2. Antoshin and Zolotuhin (2011) listed Lemonia taraxaci var. montana Buresch, 1915 as a synonym of L. taraxaci , assuming it is just “an ecologic form with dark and somewhat hyaloid scales.” A syntype female from the NMNHS collection was known to the authors and to us by a color photo ( Fig. 38 View FIGURES 32–40 ). Here we regard it under L. strigata strigata (see “Taxonomic notes. 2.”). They also listed Lemonia taraxaci ab. antigone Stauder, 1913 (type locality: Adriatic Sea coast) among invalid infrasubspecific names for L. taraxaci , but considering the type locality we list it as a synonym of L. strigata strigata instead.

Material examined: France: ♂, Provence-Alpes-Cote d’Azur, N Col de la Boucharde / Col de la Cayolle N, 44.2833° N, 6.7433° E, 1930 m, 26.VII.2009, leg. P. Huemer, TLMF Lep 00400 ( TLM) GoogleMaps ; ♂, Les Gleizolles , 44.4759° N, 6.76167° E, 25.VIII.1962, leg. W. Strehlau ( CGM) GoogleMaps ; 2♂, High Alps, Queyras Valley , 44.7333° N, 6.8166° E, 1400–2000 m, 12.VIII.1964, 17.VIII.1964, slides 14.529, 14.539 ( MWM / ZSM) GoogleMaps ; ♀, High Alps, Les Vigneaux , 44.82342° N, 6.54189° E, 28.VIII.1965 ( CGM) GoogleMaps ; ♀, High Alps, Briançon, Prelles , 44.85842° N, 6.5812° E, 13.VIII.1969 ( CGM) GoogleMaps ; ♂, High Alps, Chantemerle , 44.98801° N, 6.54999° E, 1900 m, 2–14.VIII.1978, leg. P. Walter ( ZSM) GoogleMaps ; ♂, High Alps, Col du Galibier , 45.06409° N, 6.40773° E, 2600 m, 3.VIII.1962, leg. Lukasch ( ZSM) GoogleMaps ; ♂, High Alps, Argentière , 45.98359° N, 6.92688° E, 1400 m, VIII.1975, leg. W. Pevlee ( CGM) GoogleMaps . Switzerland: 2♂, Valais, Zeneggen , 46.27357° N, 7.86696° E, 1450 m, 10.VIII.1968 ( ZSM) GoogleMaps ; ♂, Bern, Kandersteg , 46.49473° N, 7.67443° E, 1500 m ( CGM) GoogleMaps ; ♂, St Moritz , 46.49079° N, 9.8355° E, 29.VII.1955 ( CGM) GoogleMaps ; ♂, Andermatt , 1700 m, 46.63391° N, 8.59356° E, 26.VII.1979, leg. H. Hacker, slide 14.528 ( MWM / ZSM) GoogleMaps ; ♂, Valais, Col du Simplon , 46.25059° N, 8.0322° E, 12–26.VII.1952 ( MNHN) GoogleMaps ; 3♂, Tremorgio Lake , 46.48086° N, 8.7197° E, 24.VII.1952, 27.VII.1952, leg. L. Settele ( SMNH) GoogleMaps . Germany: ♂, ♀, Hossingen , 48.1888° N, 8.9223° E, 8.VIII.1985, 10.VIII.1985, leg. Lingenhöle ( CGM) GoogleMaps ; ♀, S Bavaria, N Munich, Fröttmaninger Heide, Am Kiefernwald , 48.2077° N, 11.6122° E 5–20.X.1930, leg. Kolb ( CGM) GoogleMaps . Italy: ♂, Piedmont, Cottian Alps, Colle delle Finestre , 45.077° N, 7.051° E, 2155 m, 26.VIII.2019, leg. Ch. Wieser, KLM Lep 14638 ( KLM) GoogleMaps ; ♂, Piedmont, Cottian Alps, Testa dell’Assietta, 45.064° N, 6.951° E, 2530 m, 25.VIII.2019, leg. Ch. Wieser, KLM Lep 14639 ( KLM) GoogleMaps ; ♂, South Tyrol, Terlan , 46.52951° N, 11.24852° E, leg. F. Dannehl ( ZSM) GoogleMaps ; ♂, Valle d’Aosta, Val di Rhêmes, S Talende, Rifugio Benevolo , 45.51564° N, 7.08442° E, 2300–2400 m, 25.VII.1989, leg. E. Brockmann ( ZSM) GoogleMaps ; 5♂, 5♀, Autonomous Province of Trento, Vela , 46.083° N, 11.1008° E, 19.IX.1999, leg. M. Gick, slide Lemon-10 ( CGM) GoogleMaps ; ♂, Gardasee, Monte Baldo , 45.72638° N, 10.84388° E, 1100 m, VII.2002, leg. Weiss ( CGM) GoogleMaps ; ♂, Piedmont, Cottian Alps, Colle delle Finestre , 45.077° N, 7.051° E, 2155 m, 26.VIII.2019, leg. Ch. Wieser, KLM Lep 14638 ( KLM) GoogleMaps ; ♂, Bassano del Grappa , 500 m, 9.X.1972, leg. K. Heuberger-Regensburg ( CGM) . Austria: ♀, Baden bei Wien, 48.00214° N, 16.23091° E, VIII.1931 ( ZSM) GoogleMaps ; ♀, Vienna, Lainzer Tiergarten , 48.16969° N, 16.22052° E, 9.X.1922 ( ZSM) GoogleMaps ; ♂, Burgenland, Kohfidisch , 47.17423° N, 16.35754° E, 260 m, 5–12.VIII.1964 ( ZSM) GoogleMaps ; ♂, ♀, Burgenland, Aspang – Edlitz , 47.5866° N, 16.09962° E, 20.X.1981, leg. Pinker ( CGM) GoogleMaps . Czechia: ♂, Prague, 50.07553° N, 14.4378° E ( CGM) GoogleMaps . Hungary: ♂, Nógrád, Egyházasgerge , 48.18002° N, 19.64529° E, 2.IX.1996, leg. O. Kostjuk, slide 14.543 ( MWM / ZSM; CGM) GoogleMaps ; ♂, Bükk Mountains , 48.08333° N, 20.5° E, 8.IX.1963, leg. J. Jablonkay, slide 14.405 ( MWM / ZSM) GoogleMaps ; ♂, Jósvafő, Tohonyavölgy , 48.48262° N, 20.55044° E, 6.IX.1978, leg. P. Gyulai ( CGM) GoogleMaps . Slovenia: ♂, Kamniška Bistrica , 46.32465° N, 14.59978° E, 12.VII.1978 ( ZSM) GoogleMaps ; ♂, Osp , 45.57159° N, 13.85846° E, 6.X.1972, leg. P. Tonkli ( CGM) GoogleMaps . Croatia: ♂, Rovinj , 45.08116° N, 13.6387° E, 0–50 m, 9.X.1967, leg. Dantel, slide 14.441 ( MWM / ZSM) GoogleMaps ; ♂, Medveja , 45.26906° N, 14.26834° E, 10–16.IX.1955 ( ZSM) GoogleMaps .

ZSM

Bavarian State Collection of Zoology

MNHN

Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle

SMNH

Department of Paleozoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Insecta

Order

Lepidoptera

Family

Lemoniidae

Genus

Lemonia

Loc

Lemonia taraxaci (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)

Prozorov, Alexey M., Prozorova, Tatiana A., Volkova, Julia S., Yakovlev, Roman V., Nedoshivina, Svetlana V., Pinzari, Manuela, Pinzari, Mario, Scalercio, Stefano, Bianco, Giovanni, Saldaitis, Aidas, Hausmann, Axel, Revay, Edita E. & Müller, Günter C. 2022
2022
Loc

Lemonia taraxaci terranea

Rothschild 1909
1909
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